Some Aspects of HV Substation Design For Mines

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1 Some Aspects of HV Substation Design For Mines

Brett Roberts – MEMMES Member

[1] https://ycharts.com/indicators/australia_coal_price

https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/mining-electrical-and-mining-mechanical-engineering-society

http://cigre.org/

http://cigreaustralia.org.au/

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2 Part A

1. Mines & Quarries Electrical Supply System

2. General Considerations

3. Behold the Lowly Substation

4. The Rules

5. Drawings Required?

6. HV Insulation Performance

7. Substation Design = The Patchwork Quilt Maker

Part B

1. Substation Design

– Challenges

Consideration of some items that have occurred 1995 – 2021.

Part C

1. Key Points

2. References

Part D

1. Reflect on Why It’s more Than Following The Rules

Overview of Presentation

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a)

66kV & 33kV Solidly Earthed NSP System Mine Supply – Implications = High Fault Current & <1.4pu Voltage

Rise on the Non Faulted Phases. NOT likely to have Arcing Fault Voltage Escalation.

b)

132kV NSP Txfs have “Graded Insul Star Connected Windings” = No EFL Supply Option?

c)

66kV Resistive Earth Fault Limited (EFL) to 200A (ie < 1/3 of 3Ph Fault Level).

d)

33kV Resistive Earth Fault Limited (EFL) to 200A (ie < 1/3 of 3Ph Fault Level).

e)

Internal to Mine Reticulation at 22kV, 11kV, 6.6kV, 3.3kV, 1.1kV, 415V. In NSW Coal Historically 5A ELF

<4000V & up to 50A for >4000V

The EFL used in c) d) & e) have Different Implications for Insulators

• Full star point shift for each and every single phase to ground fault

• = Phase to Phase voltage impressed across Phase-Earth insulation, this is an additional magnitude voltage

stress with regular occurrence

• Higher Voltage Rated Surge Arresters than for “Solidly Earthed Systems”

• Phase-Earth Plus Phase-Earth elsewhere Becomes a Cross Country Ph-Ph Fault (often as an evolving fault)

• Arcing/Pecking Faults – opportunity for voltage escalation

• Earth fault voltage rise transfer, step & touch potentials

• Increased HV Fault Statistics/Fault Rate on Mine Site Pwr System

• Increased NSP HV Fault Statistics/Fault Rate per 100km/Yr (within licence)

• Electrical Insulation is a Balloon on a knife. Blade sharpness, is it on the point?…does not

matter the Insulation System just like the balloon is under Continual Multi-faceted Stress.

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So the Mining Eng says...”Thou Shall have Bigger Toys (Longwall & CMs) Down

the Hole?”..or..”We are getting a 22kV Dragline”…

”Lecky Pipe Man...Go Forth & make it happen”…

=>> More kW & more MVA. Its your Job as the Elec Eng to make it run successfully.

5 1.3 M&Q Elect Supply Sys…MVA = Volts & Amps

-For a Modern Longwall 11kV is now at limit of Supply Capability (You can only send

Amps so far at a set voltage).

When will 22kV be installed as the U/G Backbone?

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6 1.4 M&Q Elec Supply Sys…Txf Sizing & Location

Longwall Block Width at 250m plus 2 of 5.5m + 40m Pillar

=>> A New Borehole Drop Down in Main Headings say eight (8) Blocks Apart? Used for four (4) Blocks

either side of the Bore Hole, at 140m Cover takes say 1340m of Cable off the Start of Block LW Txf

Location. Take blocks from both sides of the Main Headings that could be sixteen (16) Blocks Before you

have to Move Boreholes.

Problem is you need to complete 1300m of Main Headings Driveage & at least 1 LW Block to set it up.

Use a Transportable Substation for a Modern Longwall Operation.

Network Modelling

Vd = (√3)I[(RCos θ ± (jXSin θ)]

+jX component if PF Lagging, -jX component if PF Leading

Sin & Cosine Variance

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 20 40 60

Load Current Angle (Degrees)

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7 1.5 M&Q Elect Supply Sys…Local Generation

Local Generation:

- Weak Infeed challenges for NSP.

-On Site GT Generation is common.

- X/R Increase for Faults on Colliery Site. Sw Gr Ratings?

- CH4 Drainage Pwr Stations. Better option than “Flaring it”.

-1995 NSW Mines in Bulli Seam with ELD Installed 54 x 1MW & 40 x 1MW (650,000m^3 CH4 used per day), for LW in Bulli Seam CH4 of 35 to 40m^3 per tonne of coal mined volume of Gas Liberated = approx 265 million m^3. 35MJ/M^3

-2008 QLD Mine with EDL Installed 15 x 3MW Units.

-Ventilation Air Methane (VAM). Eg 2007 NSW Mine Installed 6MW MEGTEC (0.9% CH4 Concentration -2021 6MW on Central Coast

- Inverter Interfaced Resources? (IBRs)

- Is it really 96MW of Solar…really? Why?

-

Shunt Caps in the Line Side Filter, Shunt Caps in the DC Link Bus Caps

-

VARs Output Proportional to the (Shunt Cap Terminal Voltage)^2

-

Control Algorithm chases the V^2 Drop to stabilise the Output

What’s the Difference??

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• Site Selection, Access for Maintenance, HV Testing, Txf Craneage

• Voltage Choice & MVA Load

• Outdoor Yard V's Indoor with Cable Plugs V's Wall Bushing GIS etc

• Single Line Diagram & HV Switching

• Busbar Types their Design & Configuration? N-1?

• Primary Plant Choice, LTCBs or DTCBs? POW Opening & Closing? MVTs or CVTs, Isol &

Esw, Portable Earthing Application, Operator Bonding mats

• Batteries, Secondary Systems, SCADA

• Conduits, Pits & Ducts, Trenches & Yard Cabinets

• Earth Fault Limitation Options & Implications, OHEW & Cable Screens,

• Lightning Protection, Earthgrid Strap V's Stranded, Electrode Depth & placement, Crushed

Rock

• Building, Building Egress, Clearances, Climate Control, R Values, Roof Slope, Cable Entries

• Fire Design, Oil Containment, Drainage

• Fencing & Signage

• Emergency Response Plan?

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3. “Behold, that Lowly SUBSTATION”

_[1]

……… It once meant below or under PowerStation”

…Peter Berry[1]

9

[1] Jan 2007 ESAA API Summer School – Fundamentals of Substation Design Peter Berry

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AS3000: 2007 (including 2012 updates)

• Practicable & cost-effective methods that achieve safety compliance • 1.4.59 Insulated

– Separated from adjacent conducting material by non-conducting substance or airspace permanently providing resistance to the passage of current, or to disruptive discharges through or over the surface of substance or space, to obviate danger of shock or injurious leakage of current

• 1.5.14 - Protect against external influences, 1.7.1 - In accordance with OEM Instructions, 1.7.3 - “Deemed to satisfy” ? Trusting OEM Compliance, 1.8 - Verify & Test

• 8.3.6 Insulation Resistance – 8.3.6.1 - 500V Test

– 8.3.6.2 – Shall not be less than 1 MΩ,…..consumers Mains & Sub Mains not of Significant Length….expect significantly greater than 1 MΩ…in excess of 50MΩ.

AS2067:2016

- “IMPORTANCE”

• 2.2.6.1 - Corona level may be controlled, for example, by the installation of corona rings or the recessing of fasteners on fittings for high voltage suspension insulator assemblies, busbar support assemblies, busbar connections and equipment terminals.

• 2.3.2.4 - (c) Vibration caused by wind, electromagnetic stresses, traffic (e.g. temporary road and railway traffic) shall be considered. The withstand capability of equipment against vibration shall be given by the manufacturer.

• 3.5 - MINIMUM CLEARANCES BETWEEN PARTS UNDER SPECIAL CONDITIONS - rupture of one sub-chain in a multiple insulator chain, 75% of the minimum clearances of Tables 3.1 and 3.2 shall be maintained as a minimum phase-to-phase and/or phase-to-earth clearance…..Auto Txfs…. Attention should be paid to neutral point insulation according to the method of neutral earthing.

• 4.2.8 - IEC/TS 60815 shall be used to select “Minimum Creepage Distances” • 4.2.8 - AS62271.1 – wet test shall apply for all external insulation.

• 4.2.9.3-– Stress due to temperature changes taken into account

• 5.2.5 – Minimum height of live parts (b) The lowest part of any insulation, for example the upper edge of metallic insulator bases, shall be not less than the ground safety distance G = 2440 mm above accessible surfaces unless other suitable measures to prevent access are provided.

• 6.2 - 6.2 PROTECTION AGAINST DIRECT CONTACT – Unintentional touching prevented - (e) Insulating bodies of insulators and other such parts, for example electrical equipment insulated by cast resin, if a dangerous touch voltage can occur.

=>> Is that it?

₁

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AS1824 & IEC 60071 Series

– Insulation Co-ordination

IEC/TR 60815 (Superseeds AS4436)

- Insulators used in Polluted Conditions • Part 1 - Definitions

• Part 2 - Ceramic & Glass • Part 3 - Polymeric Insulators

AS/NZS 62271 Series

• Part .201 Enclosed HV Sw Gr 1kV - <52kV • Part .203 GIS Enclosed Se Gr >52kV

AS/NZS 7000 – OH Line Design

AS1265:1990 Bushings for Alternating Voltages >1kV (AS/NZS 60137:2008 = IEC Morph)

AS1931.1 - High-voltage test techniques

IEC 60721-2-2 - Classification of environmental conditions

AS/NZS 3439.1

& Series – LV Sw Brds – I>50kA X/R = 4.89 or for 20< I <50kA X/R = 3.87?? Is this what you need for your specific application? Routine HV test at 85% of Type Test applied voltage for = 2120V for 1minute, >1kOhm per Volt referred to the nominal Ph-E Voltage???

AS3013-2005 Electrical Installations - Classifications of the fire and mechanical performance of wiring system elements

AS4871– Electrical Equipment for Mines & Quarries. SA HB 242 – HV Mining equipment for use underground

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• MCSLD (Australian Std Symbols, Close Clockwise)

• Site Plan (on MGA ie Real World Coordinates)

• GA

(on MGA ie Real World Coordinates)

• HV Equipment Section Dwgs

• Footings with RL's

• Steelwork Marking Plan

• Yard Lighting & Lightning Protection Structures

• Duplicated DC Tripping Supplies

(Larger Yards 110VDC always)

• Duplicated Auxiliary Supply & 415V AC System

• Conduits, Yard Trenches, Pits all to be Self Draining. 3D Coordination mandatory.

– Protection & Control Cables in Water means Battery EarthFaults are coming sometime soon

• Oil Containment, Fire Wall

• Drainage Plan

• Earthgrid, Earthing System

• High Security Fence (to keep Little Johnny the son of Fred & Joe Out)

• Site Emergency Management Dwg (Knife gate valve Isolation, Phone Numbers, Street

Address MGA Coordinates, Main Road, Nearest Cross Road & Distance to that Cross Road.

Laminated A3 & Readable & Clear on who to RING!!

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1

3

[1] The Practical Guide to Outdoor High Voltage Insulators – Vosloo, Macey & de Tourreil

6.1 Insulators Electrical & Mechanical Considerations

Mechanical

_[1]

a)

Cantilever Torsion, Tension, Compression

b)

Dead Load

c)

Short circuit force withstand

d)

Thermal Shock

e)

Thermal differential expansion/contraction compatibility

f)

Mounting Head & Foot Flange

g)

End Fittings

h)

Shed Profile – Allowable Physical Orientation

i)

Triple Point Weather Seal

j)

Brittle Fracture - Boron Free Fibreglass.

k)

Birds Get Hungry

Electrical

_[1]

a)

U

_n

– Nominal AC 50Hz Voltage

b)

U

_m

– Highest AC 50Hz Voltage

c)

U

_d

- AC 50Hz Pwr Freq Withstand

d)

U

_p

- LIWL (BIL)

e)

U

_s

- SIWL (Typically 275kV & up)

f)

Non Flashover Distance

g)

Surface Creepage Distance Pollution Classification – mm/kV.

h)

Protected Creepage Distance?

i)

The requirements of the wet test procedure of AS62271.1 shall

apply for all external insulation.

j)

Shed Profile – Alternating prevent Intershed Bridging

k)

Shed Profile – Self Cleaning Ability

l)

Diameter – Canting Angle & Self Cleaning Ability

m)

Triple Point Interface Management

n)

Hydrophobicity Properties – Recovery? / Deterioration?

o)

E Field Gradient: Internal, External, Surface Voltage Gradient.

ϵ

r

Matching

p)

Grading Rings?

q)

Shed/Shank - Diameter Change

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14

[1] http://www.ngk.co.jp/english/ [2] www.sediver.com

6.2 Traditional V’s Polymeric

Polymeric General

a) Cheap to make (Make sure the R&D is there) b) Chemical Soup – It can change (Do FTIR) c) Light weight

d) Hydrophobicity when “Newish”, Recovery Time? Classification? Contact Angle? Water droplet Corona?

e) Rough Handling = unseen damage

f) UV and EField Stress Stability over the longer Term

EPDM

• C=C Chain scission leads to Carbonol • Crocodile skin - hydrophylic

• Problems of reliability continue to prove difficult to solve

Si R

• Avoid rough handling during Installation • Birds get hungry

• Hydrophobicity transfer/contaminate encapsulation

Cast Resin

• Polyurethane? • Epoxy? • Cycloalithatic?

• Fillers Matching the encapsulated conductor thermal expansion? Al v’s Cu?

• Chalking - UV Stability? Anti Tracking - Filler?

• Conductive coatings, semiconductive stress relief, polymeric creepage extenders

• % H20 by Dry Wt?

Traditional

1.Glazed Porcelain NGK Cat 65

a) Suspension Insulators

• Porcelain cracks hard to see

b) Switch & Bus Insulators

• Cap & Pin Type

c) Long-Rod Insulator V

d) Solid-Core Line Post 23kV – 69kV e) Pin Type Insulators <33kV f) Porcelain Porosity? g) Semi-conductive Glaze?

2.Glass

a) Suspension Insulators

• Toughened Glass shatters

b) Surface etching in costal high surface leakage current environments has occurred

For Both glass and porcelain:

•IR Drops rapidly with temperature rise •Can be washed clean

•Surface resistivity falls rapidly with increasing ambient humidity as you progress toward dew point

Suspension Insulators – Some more Detail

• Beautiful simplicity it ”Converts Tension to Radial Compression”) • String is Heavy?... Compared with Polymer Long Rod • Pin corrosion due to corona on pin eats galvinised coating • Failure rate related to position in String

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15 6.3 Mine Site Implications…..

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16 7. Substation Design = The Patchwork Quilt Maker…

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18 PART B - Challenges

HV Substation Installation

• Consideration of some items that have occurred 1995 – 2021.

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19 X1 Phasing, Volts, Amps & Negative Seq Harmonics

Understand your Supply System

Is it an A-C Cross or has it Rolled? Txf Differential Protection CT’s? With A, B, C

Phases….Is A Phase actually A Phase? Are the CT Polarities Correct?

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20 X2 HV Bolted Joints

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21 X3 HV Plant

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22 X4 Thermal Expansion & Manual Operation Required?

a) 66kV Insulator Head Fitting Bond?

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23 X5 Transportable C&P Room?

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24 X6 MCB’s

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25 X7 Environment

a) Passive Ventilation Vs Positive Pressurisation

b) Vibration…What Vibration?

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26 X8 Earthing System

a) Buried but not forgotten,

b) Crushed Rock is for

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27 X9 Physical Location

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28 X9 Physical Location

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29 Part C – Summary of The Part B Challenges

https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/mining-electrical-and-mining-mechanical-engineering-society http://cigre.org/_{http://cigreaustralia.org.au/}

1. System Studies are Required First so you can understand the Requirements for the Elec Power System

2. Substation Design Covers from Primary System Voltage, P&C Relays to the DC Tripping Supply

3. Skilled Competent, Capable & Experienced Staff Required.

All ASPs are not created Equal

4. Need to Understand the Customers Unique Requirements & Harsh Reality of the Operating Environment

5. Broad & Detailed Understanding of Primary Plant Required

6. As the Mine/Quarry Supply MVA increases, put the right Primary Equipment in the Substation to be kind to

the NSP Network & Adjacent Network Customers & ENSURE RELIABILITY

7. Electrical Protection Performance is Critical

8. Your HV Insulators Matter

9. Your Design MUST facilitate ease of Access & Maintenance.

10. As Built Inspections Civil & Elec Fit-Out Matter they enable your Designer to Close the Loop & Learn

11. Make Sure Your Design Staff do the AsBuilt Inspection & go with them, you may well learn a few things

12. To Achieve a “Fit for Purpose Outcome” Substation Design is a 4D Task

13. As the Substation Designer you need to Understand what is CRITICAL for the Mine/Quarry

14. 8Mt per Yr 5day production, 2000tphr at $108 per tonne = Nominal $208k per Hr of Outage ……..

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30 Standards: =>> Above on “Slides 5&6 – The Rules”

Substation Design Books:

1) Transmission and Distribution Electrical Engineering 4th Ed C Bayliss, B Hardy YOP 2012 ISBN:0080969127

2)Layout of E.H.V Substations R L Giles, IEE, YOP 1970 ISBN:521080134

3)Electrical Power Substations Engineering 2nd Ed, Edited J D McDonald, YOP2012 ISBN:0849373832

4)Electrical Substation Engineering & Practice EHV-AC, HVDC and SF6-GIS, S Rao, YOP1992 ISBN:8174091394

5)GIS Gas-Insulated Substations, IEEE Press, Edited by Hernann Koch, YOP 2014 ISBN:9781118570722

Substation Design Technical Requirements Manuals:

1)ECNSW Substation Design Manual, YOP 1991 as part of the 132kV Asset Transfer, Electricity Commission of NSW

2)Design Guide for Rural Substations, United States Department of Agriculture RUS Bulletin 1724E-300 June 2001

3)Merlin Gerin Technical Guide Medium Voltage, MV Design Guide Schneider Electric AMTED300014EN 03/2000

Substation Design Some Useful Papers:

1) Review of Current Design Practices for Substations in the Electricity Commission of NSW - ECNSW Event No. 512.2 YOP? 1980

Beaconsfield West 132kV GIS had been installed

“Proposed to construct 500kV Backbone” 5A1/5A2 were completed as part of Eraring to Kemps Creek 1983/1984.

Discussion WRT Salt Pollution at Eraring being a challenge for 500kV Insulation with “Extensive Studies having been carried out”

2) Substation Design G B Walker GEC Alsthom Australia Projects Division - 1995 ESAA Electrical Power Engineering - Uni of Adelaide

3) Substation Design Fundamentals J Ainsworth Energy Australia - 2006 ESAA-API Summer School, University of NSW

4) Fundamentals of Substation Design Peter Berry AREVA T&D Systems - 2007 ESAA-API Summer School, Uni of Tasmania

5) A Practical Approach for Cost Reduction of Air Insulated Substations by Eliminating Over-Designs

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31 Substation Design Courses

1) 2001 EEP245 Introduction to Substation Design Queensland University of Technology(QUT)

Post Graduate Electricity Supply Training Course

Powerlink Qld Staff - Alan Abercrombie, Andre Henrion, Alan Pettigrew 99Pgs Notes

2) 2009 Practical Substation Design

John Ainsworth - Energy Australia (Now Retired) Jonathan Khor - Energex CPD International. 400+ pages & Slides

3) 2009 AS/NZS2067:2008 High Voltage Standard

EEA - Engineering Education Australia Bruce Walshe - 140pgs

4) 2012 EEP245 Introduction to Substation Design Queensland University of Technology (QUT)

Post Graduate Electricity Supply Training Course Malcom Davies AECOM (Ex Powerlink Substation Design) 83Pgs Notes + 32Pgs WRT Admin & Assignment Qus & 272 Slides

Substation Design Seminars/Conferences

1) 1977 The Design and Application of EHV Substations, IEE International Conference - IEE UK, IEAust, SAIoEE

Conference Publication Number 157, ISBN 0852961839 - 160pgs

2) 1999 Fundamentals of Power System Design - IEAust Newcastle Branch Seminar

Conceptual Design Peter Berry - Engineering Manager - Substations ALSTOM T&D Detailed Design Peter Berry - Engineering Manager - Substations ALSTOM T&D

Commissioning Bob Bremmell - Principal Consultant - Engineering Hunter - Energy Australia

3) 2007 CIGRE Australia Panel B3 Substations - Substation Concepts in Today’s Environment - Melbourne

4) 2008 CIGRE Australian Panel A2 Transformers – Transformer Fires Conference

5) 2010 CIGRE Australia Panel B3 Substations - HV Substations - Challenges - Melbourne

6) 2012 IEEE CED HV Substation Design Applications and Considerations - Dominik Pieniazek

7) 2013 CIGRE Australia Panel B3 Substations - Managing Substations in the Power System of the Future - Brisbane

8) 2019 CIGRE Australia Panel B3 Substations - Substations Seminar -Tasmania

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32 Power Systems General Reference Books

1) Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers 7th Ed YOP1941 NO ISBN

2) Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers 17th Ed YOP2018 ISBN:9781259642586

3) Transmission and Distribution Electrical Engineering 4th Ed C Bayliss, B Hardy YOP 2012 ISBN:0080969127 4) Electrotechnology in Mining N Marinovic YOP1990 ISBN:0444882723

5) J&P Switchgear Book 7th Ed R T Lynthall YOP 1972 ISBN:0408000694 (There was supposed to be a rewrite but it has not happened yet) 6) J&P Transformer Book 13th Ed Heathcoate YOP 2007 ISBN:0750681640

7) Westighouse Electrical Transmission and Distribution Reference Book 4th Ed YOP1964 No ISBN

8) The Linesman’s and Cableman’s Handbook 13th Ed T M Shoemaker, J E Mack YOP2017 ISBN:9780071850032

IEEE Colour Book Series

1) Std141 Red Book - Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial Plants

2) Std142 Green Book - Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems

3) Std242 Buff Book - Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems 4) Std399 Brown Book - Recommended Practice for Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Analysis

5) Std446 Orange Book - Recommended Practice for Emergency and Standby Power Systems for Industrial and Commercial Applications 6) Std1015 Blue Book - Recommended Practice for Applying Low-Voltage Circuit Breakers Used in Industrial and Commercial Power Systems

Web Documents

1) INMR Quarterly Review Magazine – (Insulator News & Market Report) ISSN 11987332 -http://www.inmr.com/

2) Schneider Cahiers-Techniques

http://www.schneider-electric.com/download/ww/en/results/314455811-Cahiers-Techniques/?showAsIframe=false

3) Instruction guide - Medium Voltage equipment on sites exposed to high humidity and/or heavy pollution 2007_01 Schneider Sub Ventilation Guidance AMTED306034EN.pdf

4) Proceedings of the International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering – 2003, 2005, 2007….2015 5) NFPA68 Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting - February 2008

6) Explosion Venting Data and Modelling Research Project Robert Zalosh The Fire Protection Research Foundation 7) EN14491 Explosion Vents

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33 A Couple of Specialist Area Books

1) IEEE Power Engineering Series 1 Power Circuit Breaker Theory and Design Edited by C H Flurscheim YOP1982 ISBN:09066048702 2) Circuit Interruption Theory and Techniques Electrical Engineering and Electronics 21 Edited by T E Browne YOP1984 ISBN:082477177X 3) Electric Power System Protection and Coordination M A Anthony YOP1995 ISBN:0070026718

4) SIEMENS Switching, Protection and Distribution in Low-Voltage Networks YOP1994 ISBN:3895780006

5) Insulation Coordination for Power Systems Andrew R Hileman - Deceased 2012 YOP 1999 ISBN:0824799577 6) Power Systems Modelling and Fault Analysis - Theory and Practice N Tleis YOP2008 ISBN:9780750680745 7) Transients in Electrical Systems - Analysis, Recognition and Mitigation J C Das YOP 2010 ISBN:9780071622486 8) Power System Transients - Parameter Determination J A Martinez-Velasco YOP 2010 ISBN:9781420065299

Electrical Equipment Testing & Maintenance

1) Electrical Power Equipment Testing and Maintenance 2nd Ed Paul Gill YOP2009 ISBN:1574446568

2) Operating, Testing and Preventative Maintenance of Electrical Power Apparatus C I Hubert YOP 2003 ISBN:0130417742

3) Transmission, Distribution and Renewable Energy Generation Power Equipment - Aging and Life Extension Techniques - 2nd Ed B H Chudnovsky YOP2017 ISBN:9781498754750

MEMMES

1) MEMMES IEAust – 25 Years of Mining Technology - USB

https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ls?a=page;page=advanced

=>> Search the ISBN

HathiTrust Digital Library – Many older out of Print & Hard to Get Electrical Engineering Books can be reviewed as .pdf

https://www.barnesandnoble.com/ - Excellent Technical Books Seller – Has a Useful Filter Titled “Books in the Same Series”

https://shop.theiet.org/ - IET Online Bookshop

https://www.eabooks.com.au/epages/eab.sf - Engineers Australia Online Bookshop

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34 CIGRE -

ecigre on-line library and bookstore

https://e-cigre.org/

- Technical Brochures Older than 3 years available for free to download.

- Personal Membership $360 per year excellent value & gets you access to all the .pdfs

=>> CIGRE WG’s feed directly to IEC Standards that flow down to the Australian Standards eg Guidelines for the Design of Outdoor AC Substations - CIGRE WG 23-04

=>> If you think the Current Australian Standards need to change, join an Australian Standards Working Committee under EL043. MEMMES can nominate you onto the Australian Standards Working Group Panels. However unless you are retired, I would recommend having your “Employers’ paid Support to attend”.

IEEE

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/home.jsp

IEEE Industry Applications Society

IEEE Dielectrics & Electrical Insulation Society

IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine – ISSN 08837554

EPRI

https://www.epri.com/search?k=substation&t=research

ASCE – American Society of Civil Engineers

https://www.asce.org/booksandjournals/?_ga=2.15071614.951578938.1624184614-139810749.1624184614

1)Substation Structure Design Guide: ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 113 (ASCE MANUAL AND REPORTS ON ENGINEERING PRACTICE) Edited by Leon Kempner ISBN 0784409358

2)Guidelines for Electrical Transmission Line Structural Loading: 4th Ed Edited by Frank Agnew, YOP 2020 ISBN: 9780784415566 3)Design of Steel Transmission Pole Structures (48-19) YOP2020 ISBN: 9780784415078

4)Wood Pole Structures for Electrical Transmission Lines: Recommended Practice for Design and Use Edited by James M. McGuire etall YOP2019 ISBN: 9780784415245

5)Design of Steel Transmission Pole Structures (48-05) YOP2006 ISBN: 9780784408377

6)Prestressed Concrete Transmission Pole Structures: Recommended Practice for Design and Installation YOP 2012 ISBN: 9780784412114 7)Design of Latticed Steel Transmission Structures (10-15) YOP 2015 ISBN: 9780784413760

8)Design of Guyed Electrical Transmission Structures: YOP 1997 ISBN: 9780784402849

9)Hazard-Resilient Infrastructure: Analysis and Design Edited by Bilal M. Ayyub YOP2021 ISBN: 9780784415757

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Part D – More Than Following the Rules

35 To achieve Electrical Safety you need to be doing "More than Just Following the Rules"

“An Interested & Competent Engineer”:

“THE KEY CORPORATE DILEMMA”

a) What if we TRAIN our STAFF and they LEAVE???

b) The outcome is far WORSE

…..if we don’t TRAIN our STAFF & they STAY!

AS3000: 2018

1.4.34 Competent Person

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Part D – More Than Following the Rules

36 To achieve Electrical Safety you need to be doing "More than Just Following the Rules"

“An Interested & Competent Engineer”:

1.Electrical Theory - Trade, AD, Degree, Post Grad, Industry Courses, Technical Societies MEMMES, CIGRE, IEEE, Conferences

like this one.

2.Practical Experience & access to industry contacts with the additional practical experience that you don’t have yet

3.Ability to interpret, model, analyse, develop a deeper understanding as to Why.

4.A reasoned & structured approach - Turn the Data into “useful distilled information”

5.Help from non electrical discipline specialists – because that is outside your area of expertise

6.The opportunity to ask Why?

7.Asking the right questions - which comes from being in an informed position

8.Resolve an ALARP outcome that achieves a fit for purpose installation

9.Inhouse skills & capability, inhouse staff will know the ins & outs of past events & practices on the site. When the matter is

important enough put the business case together to get time & resources allocated to work with the external consultants this can

improve internal skill sets for the next time it goes pear shaped.

10.A finely tuned BS Filter & a healthy dose of pragmatism

• “We have never had this problem before, ..Your Honour”

11.Often "Meticulous Detail" is necessary

• Otherwise it bites you on the rear end very hard & you end up with a legacy item..

12.Regular Technical Skill Set Updates as Electrical Engineering 1/2 life of Three (3) to Five (5) years.

“If you don’t like change, you’re going to like irrelevance even less.” —General Eric Shinseki, Chief of Staff, U. S. Army

13.Show the $ cost benefit

14.The support of your employer &

15.A Network of Experienced Individuals willing to chat after you have done your own homework and resolved an informed position,

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