Modeling human behavior in user adaptive systems: recent advances using soft computing techniques

(1)

BIROn - Birkbeck Institutional Research Online

Frias-Martinez, E. and Magoulas, George D. and Chen, S. and Macredie, R.

(2005) Modeling human behavior in user-adaptive systems: recent advances

using soft computing techniques. Expert Systems with Applications 29 (2),

pp. 320-329. ISSN 0957-4174.

Downloaded from:

Usage Guidelines:

(2)

Birkbeck ePrints: an open access repository of the

research output of Birkbeck College

http://eprints.bbk.ac.uk

Frias-Martinez, E.; Magoulas, G.; Chen, S. and Macredie,

R. (2005). Modeling human behavior in user-adaptive

systems: recent advances using soft computing

techniques.

Expert Systems with Applications

29 (2)

320-329.

This is an author-produced version of a paper published in

Expert Systems

with Applications

(ISSN 0957-4174). This version has been peer-reviewed but

does not include the final publisher proof corrections, published layout or

pagination.

All articles available through Birkbeck ePrints are protected by intellectual

property law, including copyright law. Any use made of the contents should

comply with the relevant law.

Citation for this version:

Frias-Martinez, E.; Magoulas, G.; Chen, S. and Macredie, R. (2005).

Modeling human behavior in user-adaptive systems: recent advances using

soft computing techniques.

London: Birkbeck ePrints.

Available at:

http://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/archive/00000311

Citation for the publisher’s version:

Frias-Martinez, E.; Magoulas, G.; Chen, S. and Macredie, R. (2005).

Modeling human behavior in user-adaptive systems: recent advances using

soft computing techniques.

Expert Systems with Applications

29 (2) 320-329.

http://eprints.bbk.ac.uk

(3)

! #"$%&')(*# ,+.-'/10)'2/3'4657839'-8/:;:<6"=>83?@';;:BA,5.$C5C:D/3';E6?*:D/42:D$.''-84/3BF3';,F5C$.:2@

8D"$%G'H;-'?*:B/G(*IJ$K3:BA>E#L4MN>E6:D/>ODP3QQQ+SR

T 8U$ -83'-?F$ ,:2N/&# V5"5*%W5XF5YF3';;"@'@/ZA:Z$5[D83,5S$$\5S/3U>83-';/DN5SDR T 83U5C$$]5C^</3$ ?65

>8GF5C$_%&:';>5^2>$C:D%`G?03B5CG-':D/D*'//<@83G/D*$ '-?:D/5#:2a83UF5C$S5]A,8b>83&5"5%c/3@>83U$C5C:D/3';d??e$ '2$ /3-'65]>83?

''-8fF5C$#8365^</.:783b5Y"35Y*%bR T 8B5CGF5C$H%&:';>5SON/g-':D%U0/3?*:D/.A,>8gG8D"$%G'b?*065C6ON$ GF5C'.0".>83&hi,'-'>5C:D/

j

K3/<)/3!IJ$C5C:D/3';E6?*:D/kMN/</3lm%&:BF3;.*:)/D2"kF5C$G/3''5O]'-'g:D/9>8."65&:2,'*?:D/9*:90.$ 2:D$%G'k/3

-':D%U%ZF/3-'?*]83%4*:Z/Z'*#/D*$ 2'-'DR'no<DF$ G\$ 65C/D5o>8#$ -83'-?F$ #:2pH</3$ -_# q5"5%bR

T 8G$ :-'65S5^:2\$C5C:D/3';E6?*:D/m/m/.# c5"5%c>5#'2/6.65]83UA?"5#/bA#83-8f/32:D$Y%G?*:D/f/3f5C$-665#-'/70,';:D$C'@*:

%G?-8g83bF/3rBF3./395 3'-'2-@/3''5Z:2#/9/DF3';\:D$U7-':D%U%UF/3"9(s]';;/9?H';ROdPQQo+SRoIJ$C5C:D/3';E6?*:D/9>5U0:DFD]0F3;/<

-F5:B%&$^;:B"';"f0"f0F3;/<mG%&'/3/<2>F3;X:D/6t*:t:D/3G$C';?*:D/5Y83pup0"fF/3$C5Y*/3/<7>8&/3''35:2_''-8g/3DF3';X/3.83';/<

5C?5C2>"Z_<:';83?p'22-'/D;"G/,K/3:6A,;'<'0;"G'D$ 65S5C65a''-8Z/3DF3';v5N/3''U/Z_</Z-':D/D*wDp(*xH'-K3/ODP3QQQ+R

y/!>8>5@-':D/D*wDOa83fF5C$G%G:';#>5@-':D/5C$ ')65@z5S?,:2U/32:D$%G?:D/{5$YF3-?F$ 65&65C<D/3'z*:9$ $ 65C/D,:D/3m:D$U%G:D$ m:2^83

2:;;:BA/<&';%&/D5](*|,:D05C6O3P3QQo?+?[(+N$ $C65C/D*?*:D/@:2NB5S5YF%U*:D/35]0:DFD>83#K/3:BA;'D<6O3<:';5O;/5a$ '2$C/3-'65SOD*65YK5\/36e:D$

0;65^0:DFD]:D/@:D$_%G:D$CU"65^:2XF5C$C5?uo(P+\$C$ 65C/D*?:D/f:2X$ ';?/D\-':D%U%G:D/f-83$ 6-?*$ >5*-B5#:2aF5C$S5_$'/3/<@:f5Y'-'2

-F5C$X5YF03<D$ :DF5a(Y5Y*$ ':B"D65C+Su(}+>83H-';65S5C2-'?*:D/Z:2o]F5C$d/G:B/3#:D$o%&:D$ H:28365C^5YF03<D$ :DF5uD(~+>83]$ '-':D$ /<U:2F5C$o083?:D$?u

(YD+X83Z2:D$%G?:D/.:2X655YF%U*:D/35#0:DFDJ>8UF5C$\065C'.:B/b83Z/D*$ '-?:D/b835:D$"u/36e:D$](YD+a83U</3$C';E6?:D/7:2N83U/D*$ '-?:D/

835Y*:D$ 65d:2%G/D",F5C$S5d/D*:Z5$ ':B"65a(#5Y*$ ':B"D#5a'2/3'Z65d^5C?p:2F5C$S5o>8?o5Y83$CHH-6:B%Z%G:D/,083?:D$d:D$d/D*$ 65Y>+SR

T 83%&:B$CU/32:B$Y%G?*:D/b^F5C$X%G:';8365SO83^0?*$a83,-':D/D*/Dd/3G$ 65C/D?*:D/&A;;03$C5C:D/3';E6'RDqF5C$X%G:';o5]-$C'?*'

>8D$C:DF<D87#Z5S$ j :';/<@(> j +d$ :-'65S5_/GA^83-8&F/3:D05C$0;,/32:B$Y%G?*:D/b0:DFDNF5C$X>5\/2$$ '@2>$ :D%W:D05S$0;/32:D$%G?:D/

2>$C:D%q>83?F5C$?u2:D$aw3%Z3;6OF5C/<,>83^/D$ '-?*:D/5NA8Z835"5%V(*NFDK3$Y%G/OD;0$C'-8DL1G-83:;5C:D/Oo+RG5C$N%G:';5X-'/U0

-$ '?',F5C/<G_F5C$Ct*<DF3'Z$ :'-8O/UA#83-8U83_%&:';5a$C#$C'-?*;"&-$ '?',F5C/<>83#/2:D$%G?:D/U$ :B'U0"G''-8UF5C$SO:D$d/

FD*:D%&?*-Z$ :'-8O/&A#83-8&83,$C:-'65S5_:2X-$ '?*/<bF5C$\%G:';J5_-':D/D>$ :;;'G0"G83Z5"5*%/3@5\83/b2>$C:D%>8F5C$R T 8>5

$d2:-F5C65d:D/&5C:2p-':D%UFD*/<^*'-8/3rDF365J*:ZFB:D%G?*]83#'-'rDF>5C:D/Z/3Z-$ '?*:D/Z:2F35S$o%&:';>5d/,^ 45Y"35Y*%&5?R

T

8^$ :D0;%W:2p

j

-'/G0,%U;%G/D*'GF35S/<&/@FD:D%G?*-$ :'-8G0'-'F5C,H"-'';F5C$\w8305a?*$/5aA#83/&'-'-'655C/<

G8D"$%&'b5"5%/3b>83@5C?]:2]/D$ '-?*:D/5^-':D/D*'//<b83:35CZ?*$/5-'/.0@5*:D$C'f/m&;:<f?*065C&/783@5S$$R

y

/7>8>5

-':D/D*wDO%&'-83/3&;6$/3/<b'-8D/3rDF365^-'/.0&;'b*:7$C'-':<B/3E6Z$ <DF3;$C*65^/.F5C$]>$ ';>5^/3b:./D*<D$C?*,>8%`65_$X:2a83

F5C$X%G:';*R j '-83/3U;'$/3/<@/3-':D%U65S5C65X*'-8/3rDF365aA^83$ ,%G'-83/3U'-'rDF3$ 65e;'$/5\K/3:6A,;'<2*$ :D%W5X$ ?:DF5]wD$C/3-'

(*/@Ln$ /KON+SR T 83,:BFD>FBN:2d#%G'-83/3;'$Y/3/<U'-8/rDF35],5>$F3-?F$ ';p65C-$C*:B/@:2A^83?8365a0'/&;6$/3',83?J-'/

0bF5C'm:9w3;'/g>83.:D$ </3';_?*./3m:g%GK3b$ '-?:D/5?Ron$C:D%`83>5$C5Y'-?6Oa?@%G/3/<z/3z:B83$^%&'-83/37;'$/3/<

'-8D/3rDF365H%GK3&a:35S5C0;,:.FD*:D%G?-'';;"f-$ 6?*UF5C$_%G:';5^2:D$\>83G%Z3;%G/D*?:D/f:2X# 5C$-665?R3IJ$$ K3:35#?\';*R(P3QQ}+

ª #«¢GU£&V¬)a¨d&GG&d

M_Rn$ 65Ctj $*/3E®*OD¯ZR j <:DF;65Y° O3±pRBsa83/®>OBxR j '-$ 'D®

²³]´µ¶6·S¸¹]´SºD¸B»>¼N½º*¼?»'·Y¹\¶D¸¾¿'À_ÁSÂBÃSÄÅSÆ\ÃNÇ!Èp¿'ÆÉoÊ6Ä¾ÀËDÌ'ÍÎSÊÀBÅ?ÏÐÀ¾ÑÅSÎYÃS¾ÄÂBÌÐ3Ò6ÓÎS¾ÔËÅSÌÕ@¾Ô6ÔDÏÅSÃ ÅYÒÌÐÍoÖ_×ØÙ1ÐÚ

ÛCÜÝ6ÞßàáBÜâãÞßä?åæç#äCÞ*èßÝBÜSéêå*ëBÜÞ>Þ>ìDâíCëBÜSÝDêÞî'ïBÜSÞ>è*âç^äíCÞ*Ü?ð6ßÜ6ñò&ï6Þ>á6ÝBÜóâä?íâá6ô

õÁBöS÷B¿6¿BÏB¿>ø]Èo¿'ÆÉoÊ6ÄÅSÎpÁBö¾ÅSÀBöÅXÇmù*À*ø¿Î ÆXúDÄ¾¿'ÀHÁSÂBÃCÄÅÆXÃYÌ'ÍN¾Î ûÓ'ÅöSû]Èp¿BÏÏÅ ËÅSÌÐÀ¾Ñ?ÅSÎYÃS¾ÄÂ^¿>ødü3¿'À6ÔB¿'À6Ì'ü¿'À6ÔB¿'ÀGýHÈNþ?ÿ Ù{ÐÚ

ç#ä

î'áDóä?åYò7ð6í?å âï6ï6ôâäíâá6ô

ð6ä6èß6ÜXìBÜSÞ*çHÜ?ð6ßä,å*ìBå*èÜSçå]äCÞ*ÜïBÜ?íSî'ç^ßÝ

ç#î'Þ*ÜßçBî'Þ*èäCÝ6èNßÝ@î'á6ÞaÜ6ÜSÞ*ì6ð6äCìGäíCèßBßèßÜå\äCÝDðZáåÜSÞå]äCÞ*ÜÜBÜ?íCèßÝ

ç#î'Þ*ÜßÝ6èÜ?óóß

ÜSÝ6èdåÜSÞBßíSÜå

ãÞî'çkèëBÜSç,âë6Üaô6ÜSìHÜ?óÜSç#ÜSÝ6èîBãä

ÜSÝBÜÞßíXäð6ä6èß6Üaë6ìBÜSÞ>ç#Ü?ð6ßä\å*ìBå*èÜSç{ßåèëBÜdáåÜSÞçHîBð'Üóâ Þäð6ßèßî'ÝDäó6ç#äíCëDßÝBÜaóÜ?äCÞ>ÝDßÝ

èÜ?íCë6ÝDßàáBÜåáåÜð\èî#íCÞ*ÜäCèÜ

áåÜSÞç#îBð'Ü?óåoäCÞ*Üaáå*áDäóóì_èî6îHÞß

ßð]èî#íä6èá6Þ*ÜaèëBÜ\ßÝ6ëBÜSÞÜSÝ6èá6ÝDíSÜSÞ>èäßÝ6èì_îBãë6á6ç#äCÝ#ïBÜSëDäBßî'ÞYâ! >Ý#èëDßåpíSî'Ý6èÜ'èêDåî6ãè3íSî'ç6á6èßÝ

èÜ?íCë6ÝDßàáBÜåoíäCÝHïBÜdáåÜ?ð

èî.ëDäCÝDð6óÜ@äSÝDð"6Þ*îBíSÜåYå^ë6á6ç#äCÝ.á6ÝDíÜSÞ>èä?ßÝ6èìfäCÝDðbèîmåYßçHáDóäCèÜZë6á6ç#äCÝgðÜíßåßî'ÝDæç^äCôBßÝ

â#ëDßå$DäBÜSÞHÜBäCç^ßÝBÜå#ëBî% åîBãè]íSî'ç6á6èßÝ

èÜ?íCë6ÝDßàáBÜåYê

ßÝDíóáDð6ßÝ

ãá6éé?ì#óî

ßíê6ÝBÜSá6ÞäóDÝBÜSè%Xî'Þ*ôDåê

ÜSÝBÜSèßí\äó

î'Þßèë6çåêDãá6é?éì#íóáå*èÜSÞßÝ

äCÝDð_ÝBÜSá6ÞîBæãá6éé?ì^å*ìBåèÜSçåê6ëDä6ÜdïBÜ?ÜSÝHáåÜ?ð6êBä?óî'ÝBÜXî'ÞßÝ^íSî'çHïDßÝDäCèßî'Ý

%]ßèë#î'èëBÜÞç^äíCëDßÝBÜ\óÜ?äCÞ>ÝDßÝ

èÜíCë6ÝDßàáBÜåêBãî'ÞáDåÜSÞçHîBð'Ü?óßÝ

ãÞ*î'ç'&()()(_èî$*,+)+-â!.3î'ÞÜ?äíCë#èÜ?íSë6ÝDßàáBÜ?êBßè>åç#äßÝ#ä)DóßíäCèßî'Ýåê6óßç^ßèäCèßî'ÝåäCÝDðHãá6èá6Þ*Ü

ð6ßÞ*Ü?íCèßî'Ýå_ãî'ÞXáåÜSÞXç#îBð'Ü?óßÝ

äCÞ*Ü/6Þ*ÜåÜSÝ6èÜ?ðDâ0ëBÜDäBÜSÞ_äóåî16Þ*ÜåÜSÝ6è>å

áDßð'Ü?óßÝBÜåXèëDäCèaå*ëBî%2%aëDßíCë7åîBãèNíSî'ç$6á6èßÝ

èÜíCë6ÝDßàáBÜåHå*ëBî'áDóðZïBÜáåÜ?ð

äííSî'Þð6ßÝ

èî_èëBÜdèä?å*ô#ßç$DóÜSç#ÜSÝ6èÜð\ï6ì]èëBÜXä)DóßíäCèßî'Ýâ

(4)

! #"$% '&( ')+*,.-*#)

"/"0*/1$'"03245"0 /6-7#8 46/:9( ;

1 /"<*=?>@

"- . 1A6-"0 /6'"8 $*,B86-4DC("0 2%'E

F

'&( <"- /1 !!GH"/"<*/12%/6- I1 /DJ"0 /6-78 K-'&(

A*24 ?124"0'"<*(,D*#L24* /1M-824%9 -'&(*AG24/1C"- ?1/6

*,NCOA /,< 6/ P"0*Q"- R- A #"S86/ <"</"CT"-'"S-824

/6/A*U024M-'EVW-

*9(1 2X6/M9(

<"</11CKA*1&( /Y)?"

-"- J"*86'"0*S*,3Z(*,"%[H*2

8"0\AZ[

,<*]=?>^E_Z([P;

*#&('"0&( X

*/6-+"<*+981`6/*#2

8"0'"0*/11CP"< /11 "

DC(D"0 2KL"-'"W,D,< AH,*2X6/*&( #"<

6/*2

8"0KM"-'"

"$"<*1 "$*,$2

/6/A*(Gb86/ <"</"CI

D"0/1W"8"-cEaVW-

8

6/

1 ]*,_A*,"$6/*#2

8"05$"0*5 d

1*"e"- M"0*1 6/

,<*f2

/6/A*(G\86/ <"0/"Cg

<"</1S"8#"-h"0*i/6- '&(

"/6'"<9(1"C(GB*98(D" !:1*#)f!*18"0*:6/*D"$Z(-GWj$8

"0]k

l

/ -(G

EZ([f6/*(A"<3*,%A '&( A/1?6/*2

8"0^

A*/6- mG

6/18h 8/1n '")?*D(mGo,08/CpA '"S"- /*<C(Go

*d2%'"0

/A*GhqA /6-r24 '"-*mGs86-tu '"06v

'&(*18"0*#DCM/1*"-2%L<w'GZ8kx>y8"<Gaz{{|

E

Z[:"< /6-*1*

A*#& $4

A*#d24'"0 _A*18"<*?"<*M11UD /,< /

A*91 2NM6/M6 '"0 H8(A B24* /1WMM &(A*24

"<G86-$-C

D24 /_

16/'"0*(GM)-6-M8(A Ae .*#"})?11?"<*&( _,< / /9(/64*Y"- /W6'"0*(e~<*W A ALA .*#"b9(1 H"<*M,811C

/,< _/11

*!A9(1 _"0 /6'"<*('E_824%"0 A/6'"0*#%e. 'C46/*2

* "b*,B#CM-C

D24 /_

16/'"<*(G#)-6-42

1 "-'"}"- _'"0

'&(/19(1 ?)Y11a8(8/11C]9( M2

/6/A Ga6/*2

1 '"< MK- '"0 A* /*8('EDK"-6/*"0 d"HZ[SA / 2K"<*%9( _"- M A* A'"0 /2"0*

-1 5"- 586/ D"0/"Cn\,08/ !;*,"- I,<*D2%'"0*\'&(/19(1 "0*o6A /'"0 58(A %2%* /130B/1G$VL/1)?Kkh>y"G

EVW-

/1 24 "<H"-'"eY8(A 24* /1b6/

"8 .<*/1!G

1(!G

/,< 6/ !Gc6/*22%*36-/6'"0 AD"<6.*,W8(A A

6/3 d

1*"b"- 9(1"C;*,HZ(["0*

24d4,D,< "c9( -'&(*Ae?"0*46/

"8 .-82%M /6/!*

*6/ !A L4* b"0*2

1 2% #"a_DC(D"0 2S"-'"aB2%*#A $,<1 d9(1 MA (A9(1

% /1'"<*4"<*48(A H"0 A D"<'EY,<,< A "a"< /6-78

*#&( ,<,D " 6/

9(1"< 'Eb* d2

1 G}8/C%W*6

*#&( H24 /6-2

"<*I2%246-824^ /6/A*U24:"-'"Y6/J9( 8(A /I"0*,< 4*/1]

1('

F

8/1

F

'")Y*#(K,<1 d9(1 ;24 /6-2T,D*#"-

A A "0'"0**,e6/*22%*;6-/6'"0 AD"<6$*,Y8(A $%"- M /,D"<*;*,6/*2

1 dD"< /*#"C

'}c8/C;[18(D"0 A3Y2% /6-2f

)_-6-%8(A L6/M9(

<"b*,c2%* H"-4* _D"< /*#"C

_'"("- _A2% H"024

F

8A*}8/CKDC(D"0 2KL$24 /6-2x"0*46/

"8 _?"8

d

<".*)Y1 / %)_-6-I6/59( K8(A /"<*:*9"</I!82

"0*(M9*8"H"- K8(A 'EbVW- A %"0 /6-7#8 M6/59( %8(A /;"0*56/*(D"D86'".K8(A

24* /19C?"- 2%A /1& L*WM6/*2M9'"0*Y)?"-?"/"<*/124/6- 1 /D?"0 /6-78 'E

e)?11B d

1* _"- '&( /1*

24 "L*, 8(A 24* /1H8(A3A*,"W6/*2

8"<4"< /6-78 .,A*#2Qz{{{4"0*

G},<*68(A]*#%"-

24/3*8D/1]6/*,D 6/ ],<*M=Y>JGe2%/1CaL=MA M>J* /1I=MA AU?

"0 /JD"0 /6'"<*]*8D/1<eWd

D"MZC(D"0 2KM)?"

-

16/'"<*('?<"< D'"0*/1%[*,< A 6/ *\=4A 3>y* /1}?<"0 D'"<*/1M[H*,D 6/ *n4?<W `V A(A/6'"0*(*

F

8A/1

F

'")?*Mo*D(-*

*,D#"< /11 "3Ve /6-78 I,<*5o 9Nb !A*/1'"<*

<";*,;w'[L?U0<"< D'"0*/1Kw'*";[H*,< 6/ \*,

_<"0,<6//1<"< /11 6/

?n<"0 '"0*/1o*D(-*

*n_*#)?1 / yYA6/*#&( DCn*o"- yWQDJW.__MG

<"K*,M"- I?[e>

Zj__<"< D'"0*#/1B[H*,D 6/ *K?*#)?1 / ?A6/*#&( <C;%Y'"<?>y

EVW-

'."< "0*($ z

"0*K&( Y%8

U"<*U

'"0 %&( ')f*,?Z(*,"H[H*2

8"03"0 /6-78 $"<*3=?>--1-"e"- /

*#"0 "0/1L/#&("< Y124"<'"0*(!G

"0*&( %9!6

8 /1 L9*8"()_-6-?"< /6-78 W6/9 .8(A /,81(,<*W.& 4/

"0&(

16/'"<*cE

VW- ?*'"<*%*,a"-

ee,D*11*#)'EV -

e,<AD"b&( ."0d**2YCK*,b8(A W24* /1L8(AY")?*

A24 '"0 !81"C

"0y2

1 24 "0 /}EB?,"< _"-" //6-Z([x"< /6-78 ;9 /,<1Cy"*86/ /GL&(y/1A*I d2

1 M*,_

16/'"0*(M,<*=Y>JGW

--1-"0"<

A*3^6/*(]J"- :,< /1^*,?=?>oE

F

d"?)? : '&( /1*

8 /1 ],<*%-*#)R"0*^6-**A :8(A /,81?A*,"Y6/*2

8"<

"< /6-78 ?"0*36A /'"0 M8(A 2%* /1 /6/6/*K"0*%"- / /$*, "- Y

16/'"0*K"-'"LH*%"0*%9( 2

1 2% "0 /}EV - M6/*#6/18(A*

A /6'"<*M6/1*A b"-

B9C

A "0,8"8 $ /6'"0*#(E

(?SHcMKB}0 _K¡c¢}D£c¤¥¦c§!¨/©4ª§!¨«H¬\©c¨§

®M¯!°±²4³´°/µ¯$¶±°4·/µ¶¯!¯A¸¹<¸°/´3¸ºK»¼¸¯½Y³#±¾]¿(¶¯A°/´3³ºK¼³#½À¼Á²4¶ºK¿(°¼¶'Â(¸³±A¯$¶±°?±A°Ã±°¯A°º»0°/´]¶¯H²4³´°/µ¯mÄ}¶º´4»¼°/¸±ÃÁ±Ã(³¯!°ÅÆe³4»¼¸¯

°º´Ä »½?³5²%¶/¸ºy´¸²%°º(¯A¸³º(¯M¶±°·/³#º(¯!¸´°±°/´cÇWÈÉÊYËÌÍ%ÎcÏ!ÐÑÒÓÐÏÔËÕnÖ×IËÌÍ;ØÖ#ÙÍÓÄL¶]²%³´°µH·/¶º:¿(°;·±°/¶'»<°/´:¹<³±Y°/¶/·¼I¸º´¸Â(¸´Á¶/µeÁ(¯A°±

ÈD·/³º»<°º»0Ú¿(¶¯A°/´4²%³´°/µ¸ºÛÊ³±¹D³#±H·/µÁ(¯D»<°±A¯.³¹ Á(¯A°±A¯.ÈD·/³µµ¶¿(³±¶'»0¸Â°?²4³´°/µ¸ºÛÊ!Ü(¶º´]È<ÝÊeËÌÍËÕÞeÍ4Ö×KËÐ#ßà¹<³±L½¼¸·¼%»¼°_²%³´°/µb¸¯Û³¸ºÛ

»<³¿(°$Á(¯A°/´}Å#á$°/µ³#½YÄ½?°?´°/¹<¸º°?¹<³Á± ¿(¶¯A¸·H»âÃ°¯e³¹c»0¶¯¾(¯ÇÈD¸Ê(ã.Ï!Í/Ù(ÔäËÔÖÑ(ÄÈD¸¸Ê}åHÍ/ä#ÖØ_Ø?Í/ÑÙÐËÔÖÑ(ÄÈD¸¸¸ÊLæeÓÐß!ßÔ×Ôä/ÐËÔÖÑ4¶º´MÈD¸ÂÊ}ç$ÔÓËÍ/Ï'ÔÑÎ Å

èa±°/´¸·'»<¸³ºK¸¯W»¼°?·/¶Ã(¶¿(¸µ¸»â]³¹W¶º»0¸·/¸Ã(¶'»0¸ºÛMÁ(¯A°±Lº°/°/´¯LÁ(¯A¸ºÛ4Ã(¶¯D»aÁ(¯A°±L¿(°¼¶'Â(¸³±mÅéS¿(¶¯A¸·Y¶¯!¯Á²Ã»<¸³ºK¸¯L²4¶/´°$½?¸»¼»¼¸¯e¶ÃÃ±³¶/·¼aÇ¶

Á(¯A°±'ê¯H¸²²4°/´¸¶'»0°Y¹0Á#»Á±°Y¸¯LÂ(°±<â;¯A¸²%¸µ¶±L»0³%¼¸¯Dë¼°±H¸²M²4°/´¸¶'»<°_Ã(¶¯D»Åì<º%»¼°Yµ¸»0°±A¶'»Á±°_»¼¸¯.¸¯e»±¶/´¸»0¸³º¶/µµâ%Ã±°¯A°º»<°/´K¶¯eä#ÖÑËÍ/ÑËíîÐß'Í/Ù

×ÔÓËÍ/Ï'ÔÑÎ ÅBï.°/·/³²²%°º´¶'»<¸³ºy¸¯?»¼°;·/¶Ã(¶¿(¸µ¸»ây³¹?¯ÁÛÛ°¯D»0¸ºÛI¸º»0°±A°¯D»0¸ºÛI°µ°²4°º»D¯?»0³:¶KÁ(¯A°±?¿(¶¯A°/´:³ºy¯A³²4°3°ð»±¶3¸º¹D³±D²4¶'»<¸³º5º³#»

¿(¶¯A°/´3³ºK»¼°YÃ(¶¯D»W¿(°¼¶'Â¸³±.³¹W»¼°YÁ(¯A°±'Üc¹D³#±$°ð¶²Ã(µ°Äa¹±A³²»¼°M¸»<°²%¯»<³K¿(°Y±°/·/³²M²4°º´°/´3³±.¹0±³²»¼°Y¿(°¼¶'Â(¸³±.³¹e³#»¼°±Á(¯A°±A¯'Åì<º

(5)

³±_·/µ¶¯!¯A¸¹<¸°¯?´¶'»0¶%¸»0°²%¯?¸º»0³³º°%³¹$¯A°'Â(°±¶/µ Ã±°/´°/¹<¸º°/´·/µ¶¯!¯A°¯'Åb¸µ»0°±¸ºÛ¸¯_´°/¹D¸º°/´¶¯.»¼°%¯A°/µ°/·'»0¸³º³¹H¶%¯Á¿}¯A°'»³¹¸»0°²%¯.»¼¶'»¶±°

¸º#»<°±°¯D»<¸ºÛ_»<³¶HÁ(¯!°± ¹±A³²n»¼°$³±¸Û¸º¶/µ}¯A°'»a³¹a¸»0°²%¯Å

ì<º%Û°º°±A¶/µÄ(¶ºâK³¹b»¼°Ã±°'Â(¸³#Á(¯L»0¶¯¾(¯H·/¶ºM¿(°_¸²Ã(µ°²%°º»0°/´Á(¯A¸ºÛ¾º³#½?µ°/´Û°Y¯D»0³±°/´%¸º»¼°_´¸¹D¹<°±°º»aÁ(¯A°±W²4³´°/µ}°/µ°²4°º»<¯È³¿(¯!¶Ä

ÝbÉÊ!Åb³#±L°ð¶²Ã(µ°Ä¶¹<¸µ»0°±A¸ºÛ?»<¶¯¾4·/¶º¿(°_¸²MÃµ°²4°º»0°/´Á(¯A¸ºÛY¾º³#½Yµ°/´Û°.±°Ã±A°¯A°º»0°/´Y¿âK¯A³²4°.Á(¯A°± Ã±°/¹<°±A°º·/°¯!Ä³±B¿âM·/µ¶¯!¯A¸¹â¸ºÛ

»¼°MÁ(¯A°±$¸º¶%¯D»<°±°/³#»âÃ(°4È³#±¸º3²%³±°Y»¼¶º³º°K¯D»0°±°³»âÃ(°¯Ê!Å(éNÃ±A°/´¸·'»0¸³#º3»0¶¯¾·/¶º;¿°%¸²Ã(µ°²4°º»0°/´]Á(¯A¸ºÛ]¾º³#½?µ°/´Û°%·/¶Ã»Á±°/´K¿â

Á(¯A°±'ê¯]Û³¶/µ¯K¿Á»M¶/µ¯A³¿â\·/µ¶¯!¯A¸¹â¸ºÛJ»¼°5Á(¯A°±]¸ºo¶I¯D»<°±°/³#»âÃ(°Ä.°'»<·ÅeìDºy»¼°:¹<³µµ³#½?¸ºÛo¯Á¿}¯A°/·'»<¸³º(¯4½Y°Ã±A°¯A°º»¶ºÁ²¿(°±K³¹ ò

»<°/·¼º¸Á°¯%¶º´yÛ¸Â(°°ð¶²Ã(µ°#¯%³¹éQ¯Dâ(¯D»<°²%¯Y»¼¶'»?°²Ã(µ³#â:»¼°3Ã(¶±<»0¸·Áµ¶±?»<°/·¼º¸Á°Ä¯Ã(°/·/¸¹â¸ºÛ5»¼°]»0¶¯¾J¸²Ã(µ°²4°º#»<°/´y¶º´5»¼°

Û±¶ºÁµ¶±¸»âM³¹}»¼°H²%³´°/µ<Å

çÒÕeÖÎbÔä

cÁâL³Û¸·?ÈWÊL´°/¹D¸º°¯¶_¹±¶²%°'½?³±D¾K¸º½_¼¸·¼»¼°_¸º¼°±A°º#»B¶²M¿¸ÛÁ¸»âK³¹a±A°/¶/µ}¸º¹<³±D²4¶'»<¸³º%·/¶º4¿(°_·/¶Ã»Á±°/´Ä²4³´°/µ°/´4¶º´Á(¯A°/´

»<³:±°/¶¯A³ºIÁº´°±YÁº·/°±<»0¶/¸º»âcÅ éf¾°'âJ·/³º·/°Ã»_¸ºS»¼°/³±DâJ¸¯Y»¼°;º³#»<¸³ºJ³¹$»¼°¹ÁâJ¯A°'»ÅBéP¹ÁâJ¯A°'»_°ðÃ±A°¯!¯A°¯?»¼°´°Û±A°/°;³¹

²4°²M¿(°±A¯¼¸Ã:³¹.¶º°/µ°²%°º»¸º3»¼¶'».¯A°'»Å¼°º·/³²Ã(¶±°/´]»<³K»±A¶/´¸»0¸³º¶/µB¿(¸º¶±Dâ³±H²Áµ»0¸ÚÂ(¶/µÁ°/´;µ³Û¸·Äa¸º]½¼¸·¼]»¼°4´°Û±°/°%³¹W»±DÁ»¼

»<¶¾°¯;Â¶/µÁ°¯¹±³²g¶´¸¯A·±°'»0°J¹D¸º¸»<°¯A°'»<Ä?¸ºS¹ÁâSµ³Û¸·:»¼°J´°Û#±A°/°J³¹M»±DÁ»¼S·/¶º^»<¶¾°J·/³º#»<¸ºÁ³Á(¯]Â(¶/µÁ°¯3¿(°'»½?°/°ºÄ0É mÅ.ÆW¼¸¯

·¼¶±¶/·'»<°±¸¯»0¸·M¶/µµ³#½¯.·/¶Ã»Á±A¸ºÛ4»¼°?Áº·/°±<»0¶/¸º»â3¸º¼°±A°º»b»<³%±°/¶/µB´¶'»0¶Åéº;¸º»±³´Á·'»<¸³º%»0³·/¶º]¿°M¹<³Áº´]¸ºYµ¸±"!#?Á¶º(Ä}È'É$$%Ê

¶º´&#M¶º(Ä#ïeâ¶º!xèB³#½?°±WÈ'É$$('Ê!Å

n¸¯º³#».¶4²4¶/·¼¸º°]µ°/¶±Dº¸ºÛ3»0°/·¼º¸Á°Übº°'Â°±<»¼°/µ°¯m¯!ÄB´Á°M»<³¸»D¯_¶¿(¸µ¸»â;»0³3¼¶º´µ°MÁº·/°±D»0¶/¸º»â(Äb¸»¸¯$Á(¯A°/´¸º·/³²¿(¸º¶'»0¸³º3½?¸»¼

³#»¼°±$²4¶/·¼¸º°Kµ°/¶±Dº¸ºÛ3»0°/·¼º¸Á°¯_¸º³±´°±H»<³3Ã±³´Á·/°M¿(°¼¶'Â(¸³±.²%³´°/µ¯.»¼¶'»¶±°K¶¿(µ°»<³·/¶Ã»Á±°%¶º´;²4¶º¶Û°Y»¼°Áº·/°±D»0¶/¸º»â³¹

¼Á²4¶ºI¿(°¼¶'Â(¸³±'Å" (³²4°°ð¶²Ã(µ°¯4³¹$»¼°#¯A°·/³²¿(¸º¶'»<¸³º(¯4¶±°)cÁâJòHµÁ(¯D»0°±A¸ºÛÄ*cÁâIé¯!¯A³·/¸¶'»<¸³ºIïÁµ°¯!ÄL¶º´+cÁâ:á¶'â°¯A¸¶º

,%°'»½?³±¾¯Åéº³#»¼°±:¶/µ»0°±º¶»0¸Â(°o¸¯»<³À·/¶Ã»Á±°Á(¯A°±²4³´°/µ¯½?¸»¼À¶y²%¶/·¼¸º°^µ°/¶±º¸ºÛ\»0°/·¼º¸Á°^È0Ã(³¯!¯A¸¿µân½?¸»¼N¯A³²4°J¾¸º´x³¹

±°Ã±A°¯A°º»0¶'»0¸³º³¹LÁº·/°±<»<¶/¸º»âÊ$¶º´]Á(¯A°o¸º¹D°±°º·/°Y»0³¸²Ã(µ°²%°º» »¼°Ã(°±A¯A³º¶/µ¸¶'»0¸³#º°ºÛ¸º°Å(éÀ»±¶/´¸»0¸³º¶/µ-o¸º¹D°±°º·/°%¯Dâ(¯D»<°²

Ã±³·/°¯!¯A°#¯W¾º³#½?µ°/´Û°?¸º»¼±°/°?¯»0°Ã}¯ÇÈ'ÉÊL¹Á¸¹<¸°¯ »¼°_¸ºÃÁ»B´¶'»0¶ÜÈ<ÝÊL·/³º´#Á·'»D¯e¹0Á(âK¸º¹<°±A°º·/°$¿(¶¯A°/´4³º%¹0Áâ%¸º¹D³#±²4¶'»0¸³ºcÜ¶º´4È Ê

´°/¹Á¸¹<¸°¯»¼°K¹0Á(â:´°/·/¸¯A¸³º(¯»0³;Ã±³´Á·/°M»¼°]¹<¸º¶/µe³Á#»<·/³²4°Å\¸º3®/.g´³°¯º³»eº°/·/°¯!¯A¶±A¸µâ±°/¶/µ¸°%¶/µµL³¹L»¼°»¼±°/°]¯D»0°Ã}¯!Äa¿Á»

²4¶'â¿(°³ºµâM¶_¯Á¿}¯A°'»a³¹(»¼°²]Å

Æ âÃ¸·/¶/µµây¼¶¯H¿(°/°º3°²Ã(µ³#â°/´3¸ºK±A°/·/³#²M²4°º´°±.¯â(¯D»0°²%¯ÅìDº%»¼°¯A°¶ÃÃ(µ¸·/¶'»0¸³º(¯!ÄIÃ±³#Â(¸´°¯L»¼°¶¿(¸µ¸»â4»<³4²4¸ð]´¸¹<¹D°±°º»BÁ(¯A°±

Ã±°/¹D°±°º·/°¯;¶º´^Ã±³¹<¸µ°¯K»¼¶'»%¶±°J¯A¶'»0¸¯A¹<¸°´J»<³\¶I·/°±<»0¶/¸º\´°Û±A°/°Åeéº\°ð¶²MÃµ°I³¹4¹Áâ\¸º¹D°±°º·/°5Á(¯A°/´o¹<³±%±A°/·/³#²M²4°º´¶'»0¸³ºo¸¯

,%¶¯±¶/³Á¸"!Rèb°»0°º°¯È<Ý ÊÄb½¼¸·¼Á(¯A°¯_Á(¯A°±Ã±A³¹D¸µ°¯Y³¿»0¶/¸º°/´;½Y¸»¼¼¸°±¶±A·¼¸·/¶/µWÁº(¯ÁÃ(°±<Â(¸¯A°/´5·/µÁ(¯D»<°±¸ºÛ}Åbì<ºé_±´¸¯!¯A³º³0!21_³#â

È'É$$$ÊY¹0Á(âyµ³Û¸·;¸¯?Á(¯A°/´»0³²%³´°/µLÁ(¯A°±?¿°¼¶'Â(¸³±Y¶º´Ã±³#Â(¸´°K±°/·³#²M²4°º´¶'»0¸³#º(¯YÁ(¯A¸ºÛ»¼¸¯¹Áâ5¿(°¼¶'Â(¸³±?²4³´°/µ0Åbé?µ»¼³ÁÛ¼(Ä

¯D»±¸·'»<µâ+¯Ã(°/¶¾¸ºÛÄ»¼°±A°S¸¯Iº³¶/·'»Á¶/µ3¹ÁâX¸º¹<°±A°º·/°n¸ºÂ(³µÂ(°/´Ä»¼°x¯D»0°±A°/³#»âÃ(°¯:»¼¶'»·¼¶±¶/·'»<°±¸°\Á(¯A°±!¯J¶±°\²4³´°/µ°/´NÁ(¯A¸ºÛ

²4°²M¿(°±A¯¼¸Ã¹Áº·'»0¸³º(¯!Äc¶º´4»¼°?±°/·/³²²%°º´¶'»<¸³ºKÃ±³·/°¯m¯.¸¯$´³º°?Á(¯A¸ºÛK¶¹Áâ%é3,4³Ã(°±¶'»0³±mÅ (·¼²4¸»»<Ä4Y°ºÛµ°±"!á$¶Á°±HÈ<Ý Ê

Ã±°¯A°º»¶:¯Dâ(¯D»0°²h´°¯A¸Ûº°/´I»0³y±A°/·/³#²M²4°º´yÃ±³´Á·'»<¯K¸º^¶º^°/Ú<·/³²²%°±·/°:¯A¸»<°Ä¶/·/·/³±´¸ºÛ:»0³I¼³#½f½Y°/µµH»¼¸¯MÃ±A³´Á·'»¯A¶'»0¸¯A¹<¸°¯4Á(¯A°±

Ã±°/¹D°±°º·/°¯'ÅJÆ ¼°3¯A·/³±°K³¹.¶º:¸»0°²RÈD¶/·/·/³±´¸ºÛ;»0³;¼³#½²MÁ·¼3»¼¶'»H¸»<°²+²4¶'»<·¼°¯$Á(¯A°±_¸º»0°±A°¯D»<¯Ê¸¯?´³º°MÁ(¯A¸ºÛ¶º05é È65±´°±°/´ = ÿAûmýù!û<ü>üý?> > $ù*@AACB DüýEF?><ù HG3><ù!ûJI /ù üúKD üýü/ú(>

L-MM?NOPRQ6SOTVU WYXQROUOU Z-[\Q6SQ ]_^SP`TVa*b W cde

f QRgXhQ`TV^OikjblSblU bVg

mn o o pq r

bls\Xb`P`Ta\a*blU t?Q6SOTVU*gugSblaks?QRgb`t

TU9Qv^ wlwuxOU vblXb`U P`bblU Z?OU bSy Q6S ^gbRg

QX^ Nb`zs?QRgb`t-XhblMXbVghblUSQ6SOTVU*TvSyb

^ghblXKMXhTvONb{

|

n

t?Q}ug(Q`P`P`bRg}g(NTZ\t?Q6SQTvSy b

r

bls*gOSbTvSy b[\blM{l~JTVa9M{6(U Z{

QlS?Sy b-UO blXhg}OSu9TvOg}ghTV^?XO{

^?w`wu9Xb`P`Ta\a*blU t?QlSOTVU9QRPlyOb`?bRg

yOZVy*P`TV?blXhQ`ZbP`TVa9M?QlXhb`t_ST\TRSy b`X

a*Q`PlyOU bNbRQlXUOU Z9ghTN^SOTVUg6{

e

Xb6SST?g(iSQ`vu NTM?Q6SOg

mn o o

|

q

L\Zb`USvTVX(OU vTVXa9QlSOTVU\Xhb6SXhOb`?Q`NQlU t

vONSb`XhOU Z\OU\Sy bP`TVUSb6STvbRzNb`QlXUOU Z{

~XhQlU vOb`Nt\t?QlSQ_ghb6S

m-_

{PRg6{^S{b`t^dNg}O q

yOPly

OU P`N^ t?bRg_|p? t?TPl^ a9blU?Sg n n

^ blXhObRg(QlU t9QlU*Ql?blXhQ`ZbTv {n

Xhb`Nbl?QlUSt?T?Pl^?a9b`USgYM?blX

^ blXu{

b`zXQlU OU Z_Sybgb`QlXP`y9Q`PRP`TVXt OU Z

ST-^ghblXlgYMXTvONb{

c

L-Xt OgghTVUT-ie_Tlu

m

|

??q

cUSXTt^ P6SOTU9TvM?b`XhghTVUQ`NOw`Q6SOTVU

Sb`Ply?UO

^ bVg(OU*Qghy b`NN g^?MM?TVXSOU Z_Sy b

PRTVUgSX^ P6SOTU9TvQ`t QlMVSO?b bls9gSTVXhbRg6{

f TRS jXhbRghb`USb`t{ ^?w`wu*NTZ?OPP`QlU9s?bQlMM?NOb`t*OU

bRNb`P6SXTUOP_ghQ`NbRgKST_MXhTt^ P`b

M?b`XhghTVUQ`NOw`b`t9blU? OXTVU?a*blUSg6{

c

Ply?axOSSb6SQ`N{ mn o?o pq b`PRTVa\a*blU t Q6SOTVU*TvKOSblaxgYT?vQlU9bRz

PRTVa\a*blXhP`b_gOSbJST9OSgY^ghb`XhgY^gOU Z\Q

gSX^ P6S^ Xb`zs?QRghb`t*gugSb`a"{

jXhb`vb`XblU PRbRggM?b`PROvOb`t\s`u\Sy b

^ghblX}{

]_U zNOU bt?bla9T

--\n {t?v O{t?b?

VoVo

*l*`l 9

¡ ¢\£)¤6*¥¦ §?§¨ © ª\lV«¢V"«?¬?¬ ¢VK«®«6¯ 6

l°Vl`«(± ¢R*²? `l³?` ´

²? ll³?µ`6¢V«

¶ x 6¢ ¤¢V«}´?6h °\± ¢R*²? `l³?` ´

²ll³ µ`6¢V«(¬?¢´ ``«

"¢V`Rl?l`«h «Y l

R¢V«´?6 °9¢V ®"² l6³?

µ`6¢V«6

(6)

!"$#%&& '

()* +,+-.*0/1.+2 3 )4+,+- 5(6788/- 03

9.:9/;<)+=9.;,788/> 3?@ 1A6>(B3( "+6DCFEG"H3I9:>1 =3. (>#.J HK

L

.7/3.7NM,%&&%

'

OP"7IMCFEQ RISN$3. (P NB9GT7"SU( SV) ;9@4W

1 5 7"63+H1?9(V3. XXYZ93V[H0+,+- 8\ 3R]17^*3.)5ZCFES ]_`aXYD"H3+,

.3"3.)M7"4.M"5 0319.M7"?/F0A-#Y

'

@5"",7"

L

!:."b\@ZNM)cd -#c

'

M

e

+,+H. #

e '

M*!]3N #0!

'

HCf3 ( #.C

'

MX6#O.gh

'

",1/1+i .6+H3f "6OR3d#O

'

h^ ZF Z#1h

'

j

3"("<CFEP7,:3Z."b)* 5+H3(B"+H< N)(MD?=+H "33(4B 3k7@ 3<3dYl"

+H: 3*.*7"$"?Nm5V+H"70+n 43 1(<7 +o.fYD",+,3^7"7"-A@43( ]"

3.)B+-$"?. 9Hp33/$(R$9/ "=( `> R NMFZ376"\U*+,6"H*)" +-3

+-. 63AV+-+,9 0"SU( q.88/a . NMZ@^""; Bq( 3^3;0dr- k788/a0/1.+-mM

@5""@4339^N==)7" ZM)"R\+H (,lH ",33R.]"^"33((=7.

sts^uvwxmyzu4v{|^}xm~

j

rH 3r-@ 0A-#r5r

'

6 1+-.)H N(= (+G"0 ,9/,7"\@/6f93(3 R1/1+-NM0"

l"\9 M NZ 1+HF)YD"\A/H3+-fF"7D (+77"?)R3F1 17 ^F"5 1+-.= N(-1/1.+ )O

7 +,a=I3 (<+=9 64"("3/k1. q N(a3+H #

'

@ 0A(aq>;N3RI01

93+6!+, "NR,)7 .).,r- 3rH@4 1A? 9,6$#.CfN1MD[U

'

#.4/AMl[U

'

r5r6] ,93

B RH+-(B7 +n+,3.B)g. +, 66$.Bp7 . 1\"] ,B)+=3p$$9=).$9/<7"

+,.3Z."bXrHI.3ZA)@3($9)]"6 )93+7"\,((*.V9$N3R<5XfYD"$" . 1.

+HA:rr-I;)@ .3=+H7"T.P+-3H"+-P9"R) IGW73,"bq.G q B+H3< *"/ 1+-

3.)

r5r6]"R49$pR3/ +-33(M+H3/$1 ]3m.$- +,+-$$ .6( 6(7"

@"B"V+H$" 0.=I .6 13

L

+H$p+=3, \37MEZ+H Kc\#%&&

'

Mf@^""B\r5r.

3N7/= lR(.H"=,U"-#%&&

'

7"d3N1l9A=

L

3\ (8(4`>X#

L

\`

'

]/^d 1R

rr"*"q3NG9p.R3/1 < +,+HM,9T 7 1+6I"("3/+-N3 .Ta@

+-3X( M( (H3+H1D@"="+-5" 0.h k7^ Zf3.#1%&&f[

'

L

\`n.=3N/H+Hl9

2G9mU.R3/ 12<I31 ;iG0W+-F

e "M \"K4i#%&& ' 3 L ^` .W ' L

fmN.F )¡ ¢\£?m¤m¥U£\N¦ 7§1¨©ª«\N¬ )ª¥)®?N¯¯¥ °

± ¬¬?`6¢ ²YR °-ª\6 ³?`¢V* ²

·

´

´?`6`

¥¦ §?§µ©

¤JR«}«µR6¢V*l ´-h`0¶ °-¢?µ«hlK l³ °6¢VK ª\6°?l ll`´9µh¢Vl*¢V·

l }® `¢V¬?`´

±

`±?``´\`¬¬¢Rl-¢_

¬¢V±?lk¬h¢´ `V«K± 6l

``l?h`®

¤

·

¶ R«(6`

¥¦ §?§µ© ¸

`´6¢V*¢µ«l1¹«K1º«l¬**³ `

l?³ ¢V?*l

µ§\«h`h«Y¬?lhµ¢V*`´

1º ¬?¢Vh6¢V*l ´*«h`lhl °

»

- l?³ ¢V?*l

¼ `®*``l?h6¬h`´ 6¢V«(¢µ

1º«l¬

·

¶ l¬¬?lh´

¥¦ §?§¦ ©

± ´?l¬V³?µl °9«®«l¯µ¢VY``6¢V

»

«

« °9«``¢R®?¬?R«l

²Y X½\`µ0º½\lh`´¾´ ¼ `®9«h`µ µ¢VKh``´?l«

»

«¬?`Rµ_ µ¢V*6¢V9 ``´ «l ¿

´

R0¶\£

À

¢¢µhl¥Á0ÂÂÃV©

¤J¢V« 6¢9¢µ_« ´?l *¢´?Rµ¢VYl

`°l?¢h°\«®«l"

ª\6R¢`6`´\±`®- J¢V °

«®«l ÄdÄ

·± R«h`´\R`¢V99l ´ 6¢V\¢

``lx ´³ ´ `

·

¶ l³?¶9£

Å R««¥¦ §?§Á6©

± ´?l¬V³?`°l?«K6 6hl³?l ´91º`l

µ¢V*6¢V9±`®*``Rl¬V °-«hlK¬h`µ`l `V«

µ¢V¢?µ« l¢V«6

« 6¢V«Y° ³?l*´ `6®9±`®

«hlYl ´\«lK6`´

»

`±

¬?R°R«6

¿

`R6R«(lh`6 °9`°l

`°l«(`¢V9± °-«hl

«6¢V«

»

\*`l

`` °

¿

¸

¢V*6R

¥¦ §?§µ©

²Y?`_«l¬\R`¢V\*l ´ 6¢V99¢´?RV±?R«hR´\¢V

`¢l± ¢V6³?µl °_ 6`¢V9± R«

ÄfÄ

»

`R«·`V«h`´\`V«h¢V °

Æ ¢V³ ¾Y`«(´?6_«hl«

¥· h¢V?¬m¾Yl« R«`l`

¸

h¢7Ç`lÈÉ-³l¢µ Æ ? R«¢R`©

`¢R°_h6 °?«(¢µ*¢V³ R«6 ²Y J

»

`°¢Vh?¯°?³?V«Y«h`µ

``¢\*l ´?6¢«K¢\``l9«h`}

·

¤ ` °ll

£Ê¾K*¥¦ § §Á6©

³_· R`¢V99l´?6¢Vx«®«lµ¢VY·

`¢V99``_«V«K± R«h`´9¢V*l«¢V*lYl ´\¬¢´? 6«

µh`°V*ll¢V

¶ l9¬?¢µK«h`R«Y`R¢V´ «(µh¢V

ª\6`±?R«h

R`¢V99l´?6¢VD¶ ¢

»

`´ °Rl

¬¢V*¢R` 6«`V«6

·

½\«}l*¥¦ § §¨ ©

Æ

¢´?R °\¢µ±?l¶\«hl«(µ¢VK*l¶?l °_¬??¬?¢?«R«6

´

l¶9´?6l±?R«R«Y¬¢V³ ´?`´\±`®*

*Ç}¢V²(R

»

l V«hl`´ `lh´

«« `}

´?lµ® °_*¢´?`±`®9±?` l³ ¢`

«h`¢V °-*¢´?`l ´9µRR6R«

l«¢V*lK9`¶?6 °R

¤

(7)

rr-5"R 37V9B< 5 +,+HII#

L

mM

e

33/<Kn, M%&&

'

Md@^""V 1\"Hp\1.: 5-(RV

7 .) 1/;;$R 13\R +HM];#.^A;3M%&&

'

>#\AqKS31M[U

'

@5"">+H351^9"R - H

)33(. ($1/1.+2 $#.?U8)AMZ+=+H 1+H$K .7M%&&%

'

@5""6\\rr675"5 +=+H.)](R

9/=5dX N38,YDJÊ +=+H

rHR 1"3NmM^.,7" 93/=H /=AHfA)@3(M"/H"R53N,9=H1) 3 (H= .,.AmM

3A,

L

" 1MS. \-`> "*#%&&%

'

L

"R3A* Z3NNd#%&&f[

'

0.R3/FYZ93%$0+=+H 8?+H,3

rH 3)r-@ 0AZ f_`a

.?"?+,9 ZD0N73X3NMr5r60.33X5+-^+=) 1.f3+H.)Z4_`aYl"?+H=l "] (

+H^,., r5r-k79,+-3X#.@^""6- 1.6H9?+H0 =,"^ Zd+H/," lR-/

'

7"6+H?.=XFYD",7 ( .+H,+H/BHR,@^"V ( +-37^)/+H33/F

j

3"(" " -

"b,93-B *r5r6NMZB_` "=r5r4033/I I7 + ."<@^"MD1 p+,3Mf+H 0+H.

I)+-R393Mf,@ \ ^,@+-7^* "

j

i1/1.+$`> , "V67"H3$ +H3rr23 1($7

X

j

)" - @59Aa=\r5r66H"<3+H;. 0 .93/a" -;"3<)" ,"bNMZ

p.1NMlB9 . 0 .<V+-33/I"(MFr5r-A)@43(- .. H)?3/< 1 .93MB4H 03

7" l3=7lR,=@^" ]"+Hk7 0.93] +-37l ]X

st\vv{\y)}zw{}yx5zf}x {!"\

h5

j

3( 7"+-=#0h

j

'

MZ#0h539 0(M5[U#

'

M$ DR3. 1/

j

3( "+-H#%

j ' M# L "@13M5[U '

V ">3(

7"+-9H),"?+-"d 3XN3.FYl"/49U(@"=5dX).3X3)Z33"?3F

L

3.Z7 )+

3.* 4.A*6-$ 1+Q4@3.)M@5""* H3 .-7"H+=+36-" )93+iD"XYl"

?9"57"D Nl7f7"^0 RR3X"^.1

OÊ( 37M^h j *& j "RI9aÊ1) e

+,+-.T;7"> 1+ = 03NM?@^""ÊÊ <N 6(3$

1 NM9^"/6 1+i(3)93 "$6^9 D@4" 7 9.4. .H"63( "+6Z-6.5+H(M

@5" 4"6 "V7?+H -33. lp+,35l"7^ "V H#

e

)+- MFJ4 HKQ,? Md%&&

'

^1l+H3(Md#.`>M

L

+H30AK^) /MF%&&f[

'

13($k1+,+H =1.+- \$#El=KiYMF%&&

'

? (- ] \

+, )R+Hd@49- "

'

"/="R^3N49H3= Z3. (=#.CfMh5 HKWc"AM%&&&

'

=1 l3N1.MZ-#

L "=KGEZM%&&% ' M)@5"" ^h j

].6+-3d9A 1./$ .*+,YZ93H*0+,+- 8? 3RZ3?h5, DR3 /

3( "+6\ _`aVYl"^ "V^.93= ^ "(-R11MF)+=3pMF-+,3+-3d 93+Q09D+H/6"RH+H

3+H..f@4", 0.=D)..3 l/+-]+-3(==1l+,.3+,3p/F

st()w+*,*-/.zw)U{vx01

Yl"B0AÊH30. (S7-.Ê17 1 :I(RÊN=,3mS1.*#1.BR. N

'

9/Ê .(S)1NM9a

j '

d1mN1.F )¡ ¢^6ZN)NZª87:9 )¥¤ %;¨©ª«\N¬ )ª¥)®\¯¯¥m °

± ¬?¬`6¢V ²R °\ª\6 ³_`¢x ²

·

Æ

x}`R¥¦ §?§Á6©

¸

¢µ °\± 6 l³ ¢VY¢µK0·

R¢V*"6`l«¢Vxl«6

¶

}¢µK²? `«¢V«(l°l´ °

«<`¢µK`¢Vx¬ lR®È?0·

¬??l R« °\«h`°È}

· ±

l«h`µ µ¢V ´ «h`¢V³?l®"¢µ

¬ ¢µ`«¢µK0·R¢V*"6`l«¢Vxl«6

·

¢V"6¢9}RR¥¦ §?§µ© ª9«h`¢V³?l°-¬?l´ 6¢V9 R«

µ¢V « ´?l«h`°? µ¢Vxl¢V

¢*x¬?¢V³?

»

6±x`¢V?h«h`«6

¶ ¢Vl´xµ¢Vx6¢Vx¢µK

¾(?mº*R¢V?«´?l³?l¢¬ l´

» ± ½ ±>=

²K R«Y¬?¢´ ``´9l± }6 l

R´ ¢V R? 1º`6¢Vx`°¢V?C«6

·

¿

l}`R¥¦ §?§?§ ©

¸

l«h¢V`<`6¢Vx¢µY«h`llx6 °? `«

«} °9l¢V"6J6

»

R°V °

¤J` µl´\1º¤¢l6¢Vxl ´

¿

l´?l` l° «6Y¥

¿

©º

`¢`6¢V

· ±H± ¢V"6

»

R°V °*x¬?¢V³?`«

}6³?`?¬6µ¢V"l `²

´?l"6``®Y

¿

·

¶ *£ ¾Yl¥¦ §?§¦ © ± ¬?¬ `l¢V*¢?µ

·

R«Y¢

± `¶??¬®x¬?`´ 6¢V*"¢´?l °

?

¦Ã\º6 R®x` ´ l´*µC«.È

¦0@¨x¢µ

»

`*µl´9µ¢V

± l¶ ?¬®K

¸

lC `®x`«h «« ¢

»

6

1º`6¢Vxl¬?¬?¢`l*« ° · R«µ¢V

±l¶??¬?®x¬?`´ 6¢9"¢´?l °*«

¬ ¢VC«} °

¤

·

¾Yl£ ²(«R ¥¦ §?§Uµ© É9«hlKx¢´?` °\µ¢VY6? l`J

²`®"¢µ

»

6±"«hlll `«

6`6¢V«(¬?¢´ `l´9±R®

?l³?¢?l6«

» » `· ¶? ¢ »

««h`llx6 °? `«

Å

º?¬6xl`?`« ««h ¢

»

6

µl"

»

¢V¶*´?l³?l¢¬ l´x«lµµV6` ´

«hlµ ¢96? l`J ² `®x¢?µ

»

l±

«lllUÈ

(8)

7"4+-3 /=9@4-p+,3F"5+-^l+Hp+-8=H#%

'

7"5+H3 /,9@4Hp+=3Z1 f1

7Z+H+H8XO16531. (H3( "+G"^A/-3+-)7D7"fD1\4H9.,"4+H3 /H9@=@-.+6

D"57 ($0O6k1788/ Z" 631 (MX.,]R66 70$31 NM@^" 4" 593(Z63/

30. mOHCX88/6!30. (H#.Cf!

'

M)"^?,93)(4.4+- ]7"H^30. M="-.?f7ZN.@47"H5N

+H+,9 "V( ]7".,"4R ^U( 7"?D93)(].-7"H1 Z31. NYl"4+-0@43/$$788/

30. (H3( "+l"\CF88/-!]k7`>#.Cf!Z`

'Dj

3() 7"+#.^U8AM[F[

'

)Yl" ^ ^)" Z3( "+-mM@5""H ?933/-

R .)65"B (3]Cf!`qM3A "$CF88/qk7`>

j

3( "+ #.Cf!Z`>

'

4"$CF88/qk.Yl +- I`>

j

3( 7"+

#.Cf!YD`>

'

#.5 0" +d3.M)%&&f[

'

Cf _4`qM" 5 ?@,Af. 0.(H31. N49^N)R :2U(531 Z,U(531 !]31. (=d D.

193"( X>$ :p"9.(+H3 B9 )@4N(W. 0

L

"WA)@3(S7:033/G7361) : 1 (W

+H( "= ,) 11=> .< 1) 0+n+H 0A5U(+-).)q:k+,+- $3.)= 5 )R6 N)38$S9

.l Z)..=7"5 ^H"47" l"M31 (6U(l@433F7)R Z( XU(Z"R(H 3-.

Yl"Z 1+-.HD73 DO. 1f "=(Z S9HN71.? )R

Cf!S l_4` 7+H13/- Z +,+H. 63m.)-.0A#.EZ+,-K,R0.M%&&%

'

M#r-0 6D3.MD[U

'

#rH0 fK " +6MX%&&&

'

4p+=3]Z3Z7"D+,3+-D +,+-H0A-(-Cd!^ Dp+=3

l3N=0A #0"dD3.M%&&&

'

M#. 0" +3.M%&&f[

'

H#

L

"HK

L

"M%&& '

Y93 0+,+H 8^ (

1Z,3.ZFCd!>1 d_4`a

d1mN1.F )¡ ¢^¤ ,;\D¥¤.N)®¨©ª«\N¬ )ª¥)®\¯¯¥m °

± ¬¬?R6¢V ²YR °-ª\6 ³_R¢V9 ²

·

¾Yl9¬ `9£

¡

¢?³ «¢-¥¦ §?§¦ ©

³_±Vxl¬?¬ `l¢V9¬?¢µR«(µ¢V }

»

¢V¶

`µµ´?l¢\"l `° }

»

¢V¶*`«¢V?`R«6

¦¨UÈ§?§?§*«hl9¬?V«(¢µ´ µµlhl

l¬¬?R6¢V«(µh¢Vl*`´?°

¢V?lY¢µX¾ ±

Ä

6

»

¢V¶

¿

¤

Æ

¬?¢?´ `l´9± }6K`« «

l ¶ ³

Æ

± "} ¢?´9µ¢V

`¢Vx¬ lh«¢V*¢µ± ¢V"«h¢¢V««

`«h¢*¢´`l´

·

Ä

R«h`¢V6R

¥0Á0ÂÂÂ©

±

»

`°¢V? ¥¤ ±

ª\©¢-C «6K¬?¢µ`«

µ¢V`R``««¢°?««(¬?¢V¬ ¢?«h`´

Á}¦*´?®*¢°\´?6¢µ ª\l¬l¢µ

¤J¢V9¬

Å

°l6É-³l¢µ

Æ

««h¢?h

¤

±

ªk«Y³?`®*`µµ`6³?µ¢

`«lh °-9`R®9´ µµl`

¬h¢µR«\«hl(«hV««¢V«6

·

¢?«h6`l¥¦ § §?§?© ²

»

¢\R°¢Vh?C«K¢\" J«h6K¬?¢µ`«

¿

¤ Æ ´?´

l ´

¿

¤X² Æ ´?´

¤ ¶ ÅÅ ¢°?«(¢µÉ-³`¢µ

Æ `® l ´

´ ¢R9`°¢V?*«(1º?h`6

lhR« °-«lK¬¢µR«6

¿

¤ Æ

«K¢Rl±?¢- l ´?J¢?«R«

`µµ`l³?`®*R«

¿

¤²

Æ

¤ ·

¡ h«? l¬?h6`

¥¦ §?§Á6©

À l±*R```««¢°9l `®««(µ¢VK«hl¬ ¢µ °

« °

¿

¤ Æ ´?´*¥ ¢V±?«

¿

³ ´?}®«(¢µ¤ ¶ ÅÅ

»

l±*«hl³?l

`6³ ®9¢µÉ-³l¢µ Æ `® l ´

¿

¤ Æ ´?´*«Y³?`®*`µµ`6³?µ¢V

`«lh °\¢µ`6¢V R´?6?

¤ ·

¶ 9£ ¶ ¢?

¥¦ §?§?¨ ©

¶ l°V"66¢Vx¢µKl«¢V"6«Y¢\µ ´9¬?¢V¬ 6®

°V`´?l´x«¢0¶*xl¶ }±?¢N¶ 6R°`¢Vx"««¢V

6`«l

µ§?§?§\l´?¢V9®x«h``6`´

l«¢V*lh«(µ¢V_«¢0¶

`¢V¬?¢V6¢

¿

<-<}®9R«l °\l `®«}«

¢±«l¬?¬¢``-¢_*¢´?R

l«¢V*l«6

¤

(9)

+-]A)@3(^7"] 93+75,]"^df1\4"]91dR393]@/F

;"W3S.Ê +-33(;7"$ 93+ VRÊ" *I.a":7 q="q.qR393 25. .NM^

1 NMlU(4R7MZM@^""I+H/<)]9$R393$<+H 31) 0+

1 ]."b5I" . 8-@49I

9"R (-+H 3FR. ]"R96 #0"l3.M%&&&M`>90" l3.M%&&&

'

M9l ^@4/ ])7" M"

..3N^ F7"+-)l"F") (3F.^"X

j

3M l+H3R3-H1 D(H788/631. (H

)?733/B="6.88/V 6","b-<) ].B .=+- -3p936V

R61/0.+-j

5-bMF+-

@4) 0AB^$.V =+H(.3f@4/5+-p( 7"H1 Z 38.V1 56."b5N.6@7"V"

\X"^31 l@5""=? D49\35@^",(,.88/=31 (M,R3.]"]9Z7"Z "X

st?uvwx})]w+*,* XU{v"\

rH k.CX88/

L

/1+-5#r,C

L'

r5r-?.*3 1V*44 03\)g +H+=9 0"V..^7 +Q.k7.4.69

VB=CF88/VO

L

/1.+ :S7"$"75 "MX7"- @59Arr-^ CFEMX",93A*9p$9"R) ^rr-56"

93+6]Z( 0935+-+,9 0"6R3]1 ZCFEM RXr,C

L

.+-.\7"^ N]d7 1 (-p D +-

A)@3(5H788/, 03#(=K

L

Mf[U

'

=#(=K

L

(Mf[U

'

9^=+H 53"\951Zr,C

L

\

Z",+H1+, .r,C

L

j

r=CFO

L

#(M[

'

MX@^""$"?9$VV4@4, (-3.^#.\7M^+HK

!"(Mf[U

'

r=C

L

^33/-0= Z3D@^" \ l. H,+H3X(-) Z) 1 .-ZN Xr,C

L

?933/4CFEI0/0.+-@"=H.+H^3 1(4 ND )R9/^rr

Yl"4+,96Fr5r-788/ N]1 ]^)@ 73X+H",=+H3"+H=9"R D@^""-33)@4r,C

L

.=9^H

R /Ê40AEZ:#%&&%

'

L

"3Sh\ ( aK `>U(3 #%&&

'

I$r,C

L

H )+=+H.aSSk

+,+- -.H***k3= NM 0.R3/F

(^Z3X#%&& '

)R=)" \p+,3Hl +=+H.) .0AFO

7"7$Md9X$ :N(>;+,3)/;3: (;N S. 1 76 3I.`>U(3NM]cfA3aK

h^ ( V#%&&f[

'

N5r,C

L

.*+,3+-3N1g +=+H.<1/1.+@"67", 1=l3(-"H)^

@49k = (-.-7"4A)@3(H3R3Dl"-10Xh5 0(H ! )33 #[

'

\r,C

L

1) -0A@4"$

+,3, d 3YZ93 0+=+H 8Z17Z,3Zr=C

L

d_4`a

r,C

L

"R9$N(=.- .H".R,0?Frr-CXEMR "3N]l133X+-.?+H,f7"43+H.)?

9)"H ")NM)+H3/"] (5+H?,,3.)H l)/+-?+H3(X

"! #$%'&#(

)+*%,.-%/,0,1%23%451%2670986:672;3<*=>6?1%,9@;36$A/=BA,1CA*=BAD,=09*A,09*E3%2F8,.0=9-EA8E/,>6?1%2GG$,9/,93AH/7,I=BA2;36J*2- 6K=9@C;3%4CA*,.1%=BA=.=BL=2I=9MI,.=931

,9NE-%/,>6:6:,>6O2AP86723%4Q1%2G$G,9/,93AK1%=BAR=<6$A/$80BA8E/,>69S'T3UA*26.67,0BAR2;3VXWY,-E/7,>67,93A4821E,I23,>6?A;Z*,I-[1%,021E,CW?*209*ZA,09*E32F8,AR;Z867,CW?*,93

1%,BL,I;-23E4.=93]\"^_=9-%-I20=BAR2;3S

)D=9MI,]`a68@.@=9/2b>,>6cA*,]09*=9/=0BA,9/26$A20>6P;EGdA*,"AR,09*E32F8,>6-E/7,>67,93AR,1=I;3%4a67,BL,93a1%2@C,93672;36BS%)+*%,OG2/:6$A+G;8E/1%2@C,93672;36P0=9-A8E/,

edfgEhiHjlk

mXno7porq7st:puvRsuqBvwlxvwyKtdzPtr{>pRw|%{>}r}r~>%oBvtBPv$t:pawltBulPo7>uqro7suwEv7

XrBJ: 79Xd$ r:+

ªH«l¬ J9© «

J9©c¯X$r:7¦

rr77¦R¦R9'H'¦%¦§9:J

³

¬ $§9:9:9:

$9 B 9´B¢

³

£Yr:7¦E$7

9 B ¡$¢

¬

7J97º rB¦r¨§9 »'±

r¨

'§9¦

9JJ½¦·r97¥H©Br

¹%³

7:r¾

7¦·

°

'Rr:¦J

9 B rÁ9¢

'J9J ¬ J$J$r¨ ¬ r7

:9d©B$¤B7¦7¢

JrBr¦%¦7J'¤B§9 HB¦

(10)

;%G?A*,UI,=9/$323%4QAR=>6 "!#E3=9@20$ ;E1%,I23%4V+W"*209* 23%1%20=BAR,>6OA*, 6J82A=9M2I2A ;%G?A*,<AR,09*E32F8,<A; 09*=93%4%,U=5867,9/O@;%1%,IP;3%A*,&%GI

'c=9M,I,1)(]3I=9M,I,1VW"*%209*./,G$I,0BA6+A*,?3,,1;%GdI=9M,I,11%=BA=%=3%1672b>,Y;%GA/=2323E4C1%=BAR=>VW?*209*./,GI,0BA6+A*,"=@;8E3A';%Gd1%=BAR=K3,,1E,1]AR;

-%/;%180,Z=</,I2=9MI,<867,9/]@;%1%,ISH)+*,a/,9@=2323%4[1%2@,36:2;36]-%/,>67,93A";lA*,9/Y/7,I,BL=93A?23G;/$@=BA2;3*XA*,5=9M2I2A ;%GKA*,AR,09*E32F8%,>6]AR;

*=931%I,O830,9/$AR=23A523<@;%1%,I23%4*E8E@C=93aM,9*=BL2;/+,Y30,9/A=23AV'2S,SVA;-%/;%18%0>,.=]867,9/@;%1%,IA*=BAdAR=,>6P23AR;a=00;8E3AdA*,O23*,9/7,93A

G8%bb>23,>6:6c;%G -.lA*%,?=9M2I2A]AR;Y*=931%I,3;%26/1%=BAR=01;%267,&VE2RS,SVl*;lW 3;%26/YA/=2323E4.1%=BAR=WY2II=GG,0BAA*,P867,9/d@;%1%,IE-%/7;E180,1 S&'c=>6$ARIV

A*%,U23AR,9/$-%/7,BAR=9M2I2A2$T3AR,9/J-E/7,BAR=9M2I2AO;%GKA*,5/,>6J8IA$6:VD2S,SV+*;lW ,=>6 2A"26G;/=<*E8E@=93QAR;Q8E31%,9/76$A=931UA*,3E3;lWYI,1E4E,Z0=9-A8E/,1Vc26

0;36721%,9/7,15=09/2AR20=>Id1%2@C,93672;3V'=>6K23lA,9/$-%/,BA=9M2I2A526K;%GA,93502A,1<=>6K=09/2A20=IX-%/;MI,9@ A*=BAHA/=1%2A2;3=IX@=09*23,I,=9/$323%45=931<1%=BAR=

@2323%4Y@C,BA*;%16+,930;8E3AR,9/+23- =9-%-I20=BA2;364'+2 65H*%;3%4V7 98O2@ :120<;EA/,,BA$V7:S

=X;/a,9N=9@O-I,>V"1>16*=BL,[= *%24* 0;@O-I,9N2A 23 A/7=2323%4V?=IA*;8%4* A*,? 0=93 -%/;lL21%,Q=U/7,=I%A2@,U/7,>6J-;36:,ZAR2@C,Q18E/23%4 A*,2/

;-,9/=BA2;3S 1@=; *=BL,Z=A ,1%28E@(^O24* 23A,9/$-%/,BAR=9M2I2AVHW"*209* 1%,9-,9316.;3 A*,5=9/709*2AR,0BA8E/,5;%GPA*,Z6/6$AR,9@<S=X;/O,[email protected],>VH\+1='TB;

-%/;%180,.6/6JAR,9@C6WY2A**24*523AR,9/$-%/7,BAR=9M2I2AS)+/=1%2A2;3=ICK\]6K=9/,Y3;lAc=9MI,YAR;a0;-,"W]2A*519E3=9@C20Y@C;%1E,I23%4C-%/;MI,9@C6:V3,BL,9/A*,I,>6:6

67;@C,K/,0,93Ad=9-%-%/;%=09*,>6+-%/,>6:,93lAd1)E3=9@20K@;%1%,I23%4O86723%4,BL;%I8AR2;3%=9//C0;@O-%8AR=BA2;3CG$;/c6J-,02G20K-%/;MI,9@C6"D;EAR,[email protected],9/J4 EP,?E3;%I16rV

GFFH:S

=X;/P867,9/B%=1%=9-EAR2L,a6/6$AR,9@CVX)D=9MI,IH<-%/7,>67,93A6"=C0I=>6:672G20=BA2;3

;%GJ; A,09*E3%2F8,>6 W]2A* /7,>6J-,0BAZAR; -;%6r672MI, 23lA,9/$-%/,BA=9M2I2A

/7,Fl82/,9@,93A$6cI;%;)23%4.=BA A*,?G$;8E/d@=>23]AE-,>6D;%G AR=>6.23A/;%180,1

23K;,0BAR2;3$Vd2RS,S/7,1E20BAR2;l3 EK,0;l@.@,931%=BAR2;3LI=>6:672G20=BA2;3

=931M=X2IA,9/23%4 S)D=9MI,NH 0;36721%,9/76 AW]; -;6:672MI, L=I8,>6 G;/

T$3AR,9/$-%/,BA=9M2I2A* 3,,1E,1 ;l/ 3;lA /,>I,BL=93AJS )H*, G2/76JA ;3,

,9NE-%/,>6r67,>6ZA*, 3,0,>6:672A ;%Ga*=BL23%4 = *E8E@C=93_8E31%,9/76JAR=931%=9MI,

;8A-E8A<W?*2I, A*, 67,0;31 ;3, 6$AR=BA,>6 A*=BAaA*%26 G=0BA;l/Q26 3;lA

2@O-;/AR=93AS+TRAO6J*;8I1[M,5@=1%,Z0I,=9/YA*%=BAKA*,Z0I=>6:672G$20=BA2;3 ;%G

)D=9MI,OH<1%;E,>6P3;lAH3,0,>6:6:=9/2Ia@,=93CA*=BAXA*,"AR,09*E32F8%,>6K0=93E3;lA

M,867,>1aAR;[email protected],9@,93A;lA*,9/PAE-,>6";%GDAR=>6SL=';/",9N=9@O-I,>V1>16

=9/7, M=>6720=II 867,1 G;/ AR=>66 A*=BAU3,,1 3; 23AR,9/J-%/,BAR=9M2I2AS

^O;lWY,BL,9/7V%@,BA*;%1%6cAR;,9NlA/=0BA'A*,>3;lW]I,1E4%,Y,[email protected],1%1%,1C231-1

=9/7,a=BL=2I=9MI,a23ZA*,1>16]I2AR,9/=BA8E/,3)D20I,Q,BAP=IRSV+GFF :S)+*,

0;@.M23=BAR2;l3C;%G)D=9MI,>6c`O=931H.0=93]M,867,1YAR;]4821%,A*,?09*;%20,

;%GHW?*209*CAR,09*E32F8,YAR;CM,Y867,1<G;/ 235=93<=1%=9-EAR2L,6/6$AR,9@<S

=X2/76$AVE)D=9MI,#H0=93OM,P867,1]AR;.21%,93AR2GP]A*,Y67,BAX;%G A,09*E32F8,>6XA*=BA

67=BA267GPaA*,23AR,9/$-%/,BA=9M2I2A</7,F8%2/,9@,93A$6?;%GcA*,=1%=9-EAR2L,=9-%-I20=BA2;3Z=931VX=GAR,9/A*=BA$V )D=9MI,`<0=93aM,]867,1CA;/,G23,YA*,C67,=9/09*5=931

A=%,A*,?G23=I1%,026:2;3S

QRY%# 7%

^#E-,9/$@C,1%2=<6/6$A,9@C6]=9/7,CM,0;@23%4Z@C;/,[email protected];/AR=93AK23Q;8E/Y,BL,9//%1%=?Q=0BA2L2AR2,>6O=9315A*,2/]0;3AR,93A6]=93%1Q67,9/L20,>6]=9/,,BL,9/?@;/,

L=9/2,1 S)+*26]26KA*,@=23U/,=>67;35W?*Z86:,9/76Y,9NE-,0BA@;/,C23AR,II24%,93A=93%15-,9/:67;3=I2b>,1 67,9/L20,>6Y,BL,9/<AR2@,OA*,?5867,C=.*E-,9/$@C,1%2=

6/6$A,9@aS')H*,O,?Q,I,9@,93A3,0,>6:67=9/5A;5-%/;lL21%,a6J809* 23AR,II24%,93AK67,9/L20,>6]26?A*,0;30,9-EA;%GK=867,9/K@C;%1%,IRS !"8,.AR;5A*,.L=9/2,BAU=931

=9@;8E3Ad;%Gd23G;/$@C=BAR2;3C=BL=2I=9MI,AR;09/,=BAR,K867,9/d@C;%1%,I6:V%1%=BAR=K@2323%4.=931]@=09*23,?I,=9/J323%4YA,09*E3%2F8,>6c0=93.M,K867,1YA;.=98AR;@=BA20=II

21E,93A2GC867,9/+-=BAAR,9/$36=931C23A,9/,>6$A69SG1C,BL,9/A*,I,>6:6:VEA/=1%2AR2;3=I @=09*23,YI,=9/J3%23%4C=931C1%=BAR="@23%23%4OAR,09*E32F8%,>6=9/,?3;>Ad=9MI,KAR;C0=9-A8E/,

A*%,Z23E*,9/,93AP8E30,9/$AR=23A ;%GK*E8E@=93QM,9*=BL2;/]@;%1%,I23%4 SHT3 A*26.0;3AR,9NAV67;%GA"0;@O-%8AR23%4UAR,09*E32F8,>6.=9/7267,<=>6.=-;>W],9/G8IcAR;%;%IG;/

=98AR;@C=BAR20=II.4%,93%,9/7=BAR,?,GG202,93A 867,9/X@C;%1%,I6cG;/X-,9/:67;3%=I2b>=BA2;3S

)+*%26Y-=9-,9/"*=>6Y-E/7,>67,93AR,1 =C/7,BL2,BW ;%G/,0,93AK=9-%-%/;%=09*,>6?AR;S WY2A*23UA*,a=9/,=<;EGP\?^ 6/6$AR,9@6?A*=BAK,9@O-I;9 67;%GAP0;@.-%8lA23%4 edfgEhiUTlk

m'no7p$orq7strpuvsuq9v wlx>uxxt:pt:>sVwlxs%mdwyP>{>sulstBq7n>uW{ltvo7>utBswPPv$t:pawltBul

«

B¼¼R¶

BB £Y© Xd¦

ª

Xd¦ XX7¦

µ

:§

ª

$B

ª

¥d:·¦

µ

:§ Xd¦ Y :§

µ

:§ Xd¦ XX7¦

7¥

'$9$JÂE±Brr:9J¶ µ :§ ª ª ª ª XX7¦ 7¥

edfgEhi4Z>k

VEmstBq7n>uW{lt9v'o7Pu>st:pRpt:so:luus~pRt?W{upRt:y?t:>svwlx>uxxt:pRt:>ssoBv,[v

\/]G^_D`Ba&`D_^b?cGded^f gf&a&_ h?i9gLb?j,k l

_D_Bm&_Dm

l

h^

l

_D_Dm&_Dm

°

J©9$:

ª $B« B¼J¼¶

'$9$

dr:§B¦

ª

$9

ª

¥Xr·¦

³ J7:+D$9©BJ:

ª $B« B¼J¼¶

« B¼¼R¶ rB

ª $9B9$¥d:·¦

Â±9rr:9¶

Xr:§9D¦

« B¼J¼R¶D¹ ¦$9

¹ 7¦R¦¨$:

ª

$B

«

B¼J¼R¶

ª $9 ª ¥Xr·¦

«

B¼J¼R¶D¹ ¦$9

« $9

« B¼¼R¶ rB

'$9$

dr:§B¦

ª $9 ª ¥Xr·¦

Â±9rr:9¶

(11)

6$A=931%=9/1%2b>=BAR2;3G;/dA*,"1E,l67243;%G'867,9/H@;%1%,I6BSlT3C;/1%,9/XA;[email protected]%/;lL,A*26D672A8=BAR2;3]A*26H-=9-,9/H*=>6dA/2,1]AR;O4%2L,"="67,BA';%G'4821%,I23,>6XA*=BA

G;/J@=I2b>,A*%,?1%,>67243;EG867,9/d@;%1%,I6H86723%4.=>; =9-%-%/;%=09*S

TRAH26;8E/D;-232;3.A*=BA'A*,]G8A8E/,];%G* 2623C*)EM%/21C=9-%-%/;%=09*,>6BS)+*%,?@;6$AH6J800,>6:67GR8I-=9/Ad;%GH,9N=9@O-I,>6;%Gd=9-%-I20=BAR2;36+/,BL2,BWY,1

=I/,=1)50;@OM23,C67;@,.G$;l/J@ ;%G67;%GAD0;@O-%8AR23%4WY2A*5;lA*,9/?67;%GAD0;@O-%8AR23%4AR,09*E32F8,>6:VA/=1%2AR2;l3=I'@=09*23,OI,=9/J3%23%4AR,09*E32Fl8,>6K;/

6/[email protected];%I20AE3;lWYI,1E4%,</,9-%/,>67,93A=BAR2;3QA,09*E3%2F8,>6BS=X;/.,[email protected],>V63,9/4%26$AR20Z=9-%-%/;%=09*,>6]A*=BAY0;@OM23,<3,98E/=I3,BAW];//6=931[G8%bb

I;4%20>V.;/U3,98E/=I3,BAWY;//6[=931 4%,93%,9AR20 =I4E;/72A*E@6:V]3,98E/=I.3,BAWY;//6Q=931 =>6:67;%02=BA2;3 /$8I,>6:V]3,98E/=I.3,BAW];//6Q=931 0=>67,&%M=>67,1

/,=>6:;l323%4V0I86$AR,9/23%4=931G8%bb<I;E4%20O;l/4%,93,BAR20]=I4%;/2A*E@C6P=931/$8I,],9NA/=0BA2;3<6*%;lW 4/,=BAd-;lAR,93AR2=I'G;/U SE)H*,]0;[email protected]=BAR2;3;%G

A*%,>6:,;[AR,09*E32F8,>6=9@;3%4]A*,9@67,IL,>6=931]WY2A*C;lA*,9/d@C=09*23,?I,=9/$323%4YA,09*E32F8,>6dW]2II%-%/7;>L21%,?=P86:,G8I G/=9@,BW];//]A;.,GG$202,93AI

@;%1%,IEA*,P3=BA8E/=I0;@O-I,9N2A;%G *E8E@=93OM,9*=BL2;/rS

O# .R5

)+*%, W];// -%/,>67,93AR,1 23 A*26Z-=9-,9/U26 GR8E3%1%,1_M_A*, -8 \?/A$6 =931 ^Y8E@=932A2,>6SEK,>67,=9/09* ?;E=9/71 \?^>E 4/7=93A/,G,9/7,930,

KE0C+(\ 1OF (\>1 ` :S

>>#

579;;<:=- :0-$--><[email protected]

C8DEF><GH>.G(IJ<><KH>$LIMON<P>.GH>.QSRTNMUNVW><GHXY$ZZ$?.[,HK\D]$IE(UIP$^"L.U_$]DP.U`aDbcAd8De<_$DMUCDf$Jg$IN<\2IP"JPihP.UDbbI^DP.U1j_.UN.\kN<\d8DJ]$IP$^Hl+3m. 4!#$;.')$*!m02. .m..n5(+

7n.$<//:o3!p<+(qr$!(82s+(! .3-/(*(!<//$3t$/m<u%vu><?.Z$?.A?wY1H

C8DEF>1GHx8H>Qzy{N.N.bk>CrHKH1Xw||$}<[H~4M,IP$^J"DJ\PIP^&a^.DP.U2VWIUf6J9L.U_$]DP.URTN.]DbHl+3" 9!#$&$!#*!+,-!.$-/0. <+($3."*(!//!2p!.+(

(

!o3!p<+qa$!(8W02.8p!+

3$3(:t$/m<$.u.:Aw@H

C8D]$DF$>GHHXw|$}1w[,HOl-!!+831!.r!#p(,&r 3!tp<$3!.sa/.+(!#>K1bDP_{K\ODM,MH

CI]Db>L>DWNIP$D>2H>QKIJ(U>1H1XY$ZZ$?.[HL.UJ(UIMUIEJb4JEfIPDbDJ\PIP$^kN<\U\OJEF$IP$^nf$cD\WD]$IJ"_M,D\rDf$Jg$IN<\Hml+3i !#$"u"r.+#$.n7n-$3#$

o-+,:*( <.+-!8!+(t-/<-n5(+79.$/:$;.')*(!m.02. .m.&5(+79.$/1:$@.A$@H

C8N<PIM,MON<PD>KH>CJ]JiI>H>Q 2fIJP$^>¡"HXw||$@.[,H(hP$]._MU\OIJbrc.cbIEJ(UIN.PMN.k_,4N.^IE8JU¢DP$D\Jb<xbDEU\OIE.Hl+3 a!#$*O£££2:¤¥1¦¥§:[email protected]$$@H

C_$EJF$>iH2H>¨2I44D\WJP>$GH>$©r_\JcJUI>$©WHXY$ZZ.Y$[H.K1D\OM,N<P$JbIJ(UIN<Pª.h4c.\N<gIP$^"xJMODAN.kA~aM,D>j\_MUJP$]iaEE_\JE,nN.k2JWj«¬Lf$NVSd8DEN.aWDP$]D\(Hl+3

!#$s¯®uvvu4u

a.+,#$T.l+O(.-/-!.ip!p<+r°.:;±O<¤m

JbbJP>GH>LWDJ(UN<P>iH>C8DJ_$bID_>R²H>C8N<\b_P$]$>KH>C2\_M,IbN<gMF>KH>12f$JbWD\,M,>R²H>P$Ef>1H>dID]b>GH>LUf>CrH>QL.U\OJEEIJ>~iH$XY$ZZw([H&K1D\,MON<P$JbIJ(UIN<P9JP$]

dDEN<44DP$]D\LMUDiMIP4³4I^IUJb.I.\OJ\OIDMOm(l+(3m< a!#$8u$´ £o a.+,#6.l8+O.-/-!.a-$83a$+ ! ´ !-/o +,-+((m

2f$JP$^.EfIDP>L1HySHQµ_>1jHXY$ZZw([HR¶IPIP$^&JMMON.EIJ(UIN<Pn\_$bDM8c\N.ED]_\D4UNnM_c.cN<\UN<P$AbIP$D4\ODEN<44DP$]J(UIN<PnnE_MUN<4D\OMJP$]c\N.]._$E(UMk\OJ^<4DP.UJUIN<P1H£·O+(!

( !!#s18/3-!..2uv.><?<[email protected]??@H

³r\OI^.JM,>iH>1©rN<_$\DWDP$NM>L1H>1«r\D(UUNM>L1H>1«r\D(UUJ\NMaQzGH>1©rN._\DWDP$NM>1³WHXY$ZZ.B$[,H$rPD(¸cD\U2MMUDzkN.\1¹N<&WJ(UEfIP$^&N.k2Uf$DW_$P$Dac$bN$D]H<£·O+(! ( !a!#

s18/3-!..2uº.>Yw(»AYYB1H

x\OIP$JF$I>R²HQ{«aJI\O^IJPPIM>R²HXY$ZZ$?.[Hy{DaR¶IPIP^rkN<\1VaDrcD\OMON<PJbIJ(UIN<P1Hsa07$+,-.-$3<!...8*(!+,$!$$3#$$/ ¥i¦§:w(AY$»H

JP>ySH>.¢N<\O]N<P>R¯H³iHQ K1J(Uf$JF$>KHXY$ZZZ[,HK1D\OMON.P$JbIJ(UIN<PWN.kL$DJ\Ef4xP$^IP$DL$D\g$IEDMkN<\xkkDEUIgD8dDU\OIDgJb.JP$]a©P$N<VabD]^.D8RTJP$J^.DWDP.UHl+(3 a!#$

u¼'*!m.02. <m<8*( <.+-!. ( !>Y$ZA?<BH

J_M,D(UU$2HXw||<B$[HOp<-a!-/ qr<p<+,-/(qa!.+,HK\DP.UIEDA`aJbbH

¢DN<\O^.Dr¢4H<QJ\O]._$bbN>.H<Xw|||.[Hc.c$bIEJ(UIN<PN.k½iD_\N.A_,nLMUDiMUNWC8Df$Jg$IN<\Jb$dDc.\DM,DP.UJUIN<PIP"N<4c._.UD\2¢DP$D\OJ(UD]iN<\OEDMOm4l+31 i!#$8£1#!#

0 <+($3.i02.18p$!+¾$+-!8.+3(2-=#-$t.+,-/82+(((!-!.¦7n- <±O<¥<: +/-$.:/.+(-O§$><@.»[email protected]@}.@H

¢N.b].D\^>³WHXw|$}.|.[H¾DP$D(UIEab^.N<\,IUfiMIP"L$DJ\Ef>¿c<UIWIJ(UIN.P>JP$]aRTJEfIP$D8DJ\PIP$^Hr]$]$IMON.P$Ay{D<MObD,1H

¢N<\DP$AC8J\,>³WH>©r_$kbIF><jH>Dg>³WHQÀLf$N<gJb>KHXY$Z$Zw([,Hr_.UN<4JUIEK1D\OMON<PJb.J(UD^.N<\OIJ(UIN<P4~4M,IP$^r\UIkIEIJb½WD_$\Jb½iD(UVaN.\F$M(HOl+(3 a!#$¤ ') *(!+,-!.-/

0 <+($3.n5+7n./uvv:o3!p<+qa$!(8s+(! 3-/(*!//$3:t$/muv<;<:w}}.Aw|$}$H

`aJ,F$IP"L1HXw|||.[Hqap<+,-/(qr<!.+,,:.u£!1H(K\DP.UIED8`rJbbH

`4M,IDf>½&HXY$Z$Z.B$[,HrPiIP.UD^<\OJ(UD]4]J(UJ8WIPIP$^rJP$]rDf$Jg$IN<_\JbM,EN<\OIP$^r4N]Db.kN.\JP$JbM,IP$^JPFaE_MUN<4D\OMOm(£·O8+(!( !!#s18/3-!..2u%>Y?.A$??H

GJP$^>GHL1HXw||?.[,H8½WhLªa]Jc<UIgDA½iD(UV4N<\FACJ<MOD]a_,4hP$kD\ODP$EDrLMUDiM(H*O£££²+,-.(-$3!... ( !,:<7n-.:.-i0 +$!3(:°$$/mu¥¦¥§$>[email protected]}@H

GJP$^>GHL1HdrHQL_P>HjHªO½iD_\Nk_aWN.]DbbIP$^aJP$]4EN<P.U\N.bHOl+311*O£££²¦¥.:§&°$$/m<¤¥$><?.»}<AB$Z

GJP$^>GHL1HdrH>.L_P>HjHQ{R¶I_.UJPI<x8HXw||.»[,HOqr<p<+ p(, - !02.1p!Á-W02.8p!-!.-/,s12+(.-$3#i!o-+-a7&-$3#$*!//$3H(K\DP.UIED`aJbH

GN$MfI>WH>GNMOfI><©WHQÂ©\,IMf$P$Jc._\JW>drHXY$ZZZ[H¿PWiIPIP$^ry{DaaEEDM,MN.^MHl+(38 4!#$sr079±*¾7 2´ r+,#$OT.r8((-+3#*,p.( ´ -!-a7

-Ã$./ ´ 3t+ >$?.A$|H

©4Ii>ÄiHQÅ½"IEFWL.U\DD(U>yHXY$ZZB$[,HrPiIP.UDbbI^.DP.UMMUD kN<\E_MUN.4D\1UJ\^D(UIP$^ªJ]J(UJ8WIPIP$^aJc.c\N.JEfH´ 3. p.+! ( !¥%>Yw@Æ"YY}$H

©r\OIMfP$Jc_\Ji>1drH>1G(NMfI>iH>$½WJ<M\JN<_I>¿WHQzÄ4I>12HXY$Z$Zw([,H$NV4AN<4cbD(¸IU9_,9d8DbJ(UIN<P$Jbb_MUD\,IP$^ab^.N<\,IUfiMkN<\8y{DnR¶IPIP$^.m*O£££À+,-.(-$3!..W.

p(,S( !,:°$$/m<;i¦§:W@|@.AZ}$H

©r_$N>drHGHQz2f$DP>GHiHXY$ZZ.B$[H¬]DEIM,IN<PM_$c.cN<\U2MMUDµkN<\N<\O]D\MODbDE(UIN<PIP9DbDE(U\N<PIEWEN<aWD\OED4J<MOD]nN<Pnk_,nP$D_\OJb1P$D(UVaN<\FnMO_c.cN<\UD]&&\ODJbAEN]D]

^.DP$D(UIEJb^.N<\OIUf$"HO£·,+(! ( !!#s18/3-!..2uº.>w(Bw(Aw@<B1H

J4c$IP$DP>jH<QS©aNIg$IMUN>.`iH<XY$Z$Z.Y$[,HK\ON.kIbIP$^½iD(UV4N<\FWccbIEJ(UIN<PMVWIUf"_,ARTDJPM2b_MUD\,IP$^WJP$]L$DbkA¿\O^.JPIM,IP$^4RTJcml+318 W!#$4¼'O*!m$02. <m

.p(i( !2-Ã$./ ´ 3t+ Á102.1p!-!.-/(*!//$3< <.+!#$£8±s2(:$?.ZZ$A?.Z.B1H

DD<>.dHL1Hj2H.XY$ZZ.Y$[H.IG,³rx6hyÂLf$N<ccD\(ª¯½WD(VÂr^DrN.khP.UDbbI^.DPUy{DLf$N<c.c$IP$^iL<MUDÂC8JMOD]iN<Pi_,$A½iD_\Naa^.DP.U1jDEfP$N.bN.^1Hr

*(!//$3<Á$8((-+(3#

- ´ t/r!:<¨f$N<P$^$>½H>ÄaJN>ÄiH>I_>GH><¿fMO_$^.J>.L1H(x]$IUN.\OM,>o3!p<+(qa$!(82s+(! 3<-/(*(!<//3(:t$/ru<;¤<:aB$Z$?.ABwY1H

DD<>ySHQ jM,JI>jHXY$ZZ$?.[HPiIP.UD\OJE(UIgDJ^DP.UAJMOD]4MMUD kN.\EN<P$EDc<UA$JMOD]rV4DWMODJ\OEf1HO£·O+!( !!#2s18/3-!..2u$$><?.[email protected]?.»$?H

I>ÄiHQ¯¨f$N<P$^>½&HXY$ZZ.B$[,H(y{DaWIPIP$^WN.]DbJP$]4IUMJc.cbIEJ(UIN<PMkN<\IPkN<\WJ(UIN<PW^.J(Uf$D\,IP$^H,Ã</±=-.( ( !,:%>Y$Z»ÆYw(»1H

R¶J^.N<_$bJM,>¢4H³iH>$K1JcJPIFN.bJ_>$©iHiHQ¬¢\OI^.N<\OIJ]N<_>R²HXY$ZZw([,H½iD_\NAk_$,9MP$D\O^IMO¬kN<\cbJPPIP$^WUf$DWEN<P.UDP.UIPnJrVaD$AJM,D]"EN<_\OM,D.H(* ..+,r-!3-¶°$$/m$u$1¦§:

?|.AB}$H

RÅIP>.`iH>L4N.bIPMF$I>jH<QSC8N<\J(UP>¢4H<XY$ZZw([,HÂ¢8aAJ<MOD]i³rJUJrR¶IPIP$^4rc.c.\NJEfWUN4K\N.kIbIP$^aUf$D8a]N<c<UD\,MN.kxAc._\Ef$JM,IP$^Hl+3 W!#$uvv8*£££Å¥+,

*!m.02. <m<8*( <.+-!8p8-8*(!,1+,-!.i>"w(AH

R¶N<JMf$D\O>CrHQ N.N.bD,>drHXY$ZZZ[H_UN<WJ(UIE8K1D\OM,N<P$JbIJUIN<P4CJ<MOD]4N<Pry Da~aM,J^.D8R¶IPIP$^H02.4p<3-!.. a!#$sa07&:t$/m<¥¦¤§:wB$Y$Aw@wH