Autodesk
®Revit
®Structure 2010
Autodesk Official Training Guide
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Contents
Introduction ... ix
Chapter 1: Building Information Modeling ... 1
Lesson: Building Information Modeling for Structural Engineering ... 2
About Building Information Modeling ... 3
About Bidirectional Associativity ... 7
Chapter 2: Revit Structure Basics ... 9
Lesson: Exploring the User Interface ... 10
The Revit Structure User Interface ... 11
The Ribbon Framework ... 15
Guidelines for Using the User Interface ... 18
Exercise: Explore the Revit Structure User Interface ... 19
Lesson: Working with Structural Elements and Families ... 26
About Structural Elements ... 27
About Families ... 29
Guidelines for Working with Structural Elements and Families ... 32
Exercise: Work with Structural Elements and Families ... 33
Chapter 3: Viewing the Structural Model ... 37
Lesson: Working with Views ... 38
About Views ... 39
View Properties ... 44
Guidelines for Working with Views ... 55
Exercise: Explore and Create Views ... 56
Lesson: Controlling Object Visibility ... 62
About Controlling Object Visibility ... 63
View Templates ... 67
Modifying Line Styles ... 69
Lesson: Working with 3D Views ... 93
About 3D Views ... 94
Navigating Through a 3D View ... 96
About Cameras ... 99
Creating and Modifying Camera Views ... 103
Changing Material Properties ... 105
Guidelines for Working with 3D Views ... 108
Exercise: Work with 3D Views ... 109
Chapter 4: Starting a New Project ... 115
Lesson: Starting a Project ... 116
About Projects ... 117
Creating Project Templates ... 121
Guidelines for Creating Project Template Files ... 123
Exercise: Set Up a Project and Transfer Project Standards ... 124
Lesson: Adding and Modifying Levels ... 128
About Levels ... 129
Adding and Modifying Levels ... 131
Guidelines for Adding and Modifying Levels ... 133
Exercise: Add Levels ... 134
Lesson: Creating and Modifying Grids ... 137
About Grids ... 138
Methods of Creating and Modifying Grid Lines ... 139
Guidelines for Creating and Modifying Grids ... 141
Exercise: Create and Modify a Grid ... 143
Chapter 5: Creating Structural Columns and Walls ... 149
Lesson: Working with Structural Columns ... 150
About Structural Columns ... 151
Loading Structural Columns ... 153
Creating Structural Column Types ... 153
Structural Column Tools and Options ... 154
Creating Openings in Structural Columns ... 158
Guidelines for Working with Structural Columns ... 159
Exercise: Add and Modify Structural Columns ... 160
Lesson: Working with Structural Walls ... 165
About Structural Walls ... 166
Structural Wall Type Parameters ... 168
Structural Wall Instance Parameters ... 170
About Wall Pilasters ... 172
Creating Wall Openings ... 174
Guidelines for Working with Structural Walls ... 175
Exercise: Create Structural Wall Types ... 177
Exercise: Create Structural Walls with Openings ... 179
Chapter 6: Creating Frames ... 187
Lesson: Adding Floor Framing ... 188
About Floor Framing ... 189
About Beams ... 191
Beam Properties ... 194
Adding Openings in Beams ... 195
Guidelines for Adding and Modifying Beams ... 196
Exercise: Add Floor Framing ... 197
Lesson: Working with Beams and Beam Systems ... 202
About Beams and Beam Systems ... 203
Beam System Properties ... 205
Methods of Creating Sloped Beams ... 206
Process of Creating a 3D Beam System ... 207
Guidelines for Working with Beams and Beam Systems ... 208
Exercise: Work with Beams and Beam Systems ... 209
Lesson: Working with Structural Steel Frames ... 217
About Structural Steel Frames ... 218
Setting Steel Frame Symbols in a Plan View ... 220
Process of Adding Bracing Members ... 221
Editing Braces ... 222
Guidelines for Working with Structural Steel Frames ... 223
Exercise: Work with Structural Steel Frames ... 224
Lesson: Working with Concrete Beams ... 230
About Concrete Beams ... 231
Options to Edit Concrete Beam Joins ... 232
Vertical Justification of Beams ... 235
Guidelines for Working with Concrete Beams ... 237
Exercise: Work with Concrete Beams ... 238
Chapter 7: Creating Floors and Roofs ... 243
Lesson: Adding Floors ... 244
About Floor Elements ... 245
Process of Adding a Floor Element ... 246
Creating Sloped Floors ... 247
Creating Shaft Openings in Floors ... 248
Guidelines for Adding Floors ... 249
Exercise: Add and Modify Floor Elements ... 250
Lesson: Creating Roofs and Adding Structural Framing ... 255
About Roofs ... 256
Process of Sketching Roofs ... 258
Chapter 8: Creating Foundations ... 267
Lesson: Adding Foundations ... 268
About Foundations ... 269
Creating Stepped Walls and Foundations ... 272
Guidelines for Adding Foundations ... 273
Exercise: Add Foundations ... 274
Exercise: Create an Elevator Pit ... 277
Chapter 9: Stairs and Ramps ... 281
Lesson: Creating Stairs ... 282
About Stairs and Railings ... 283
Creating Stairs ... 286
Guidelines for Creating Stairs ... 288
Exercise: Create U-Shaped and Monolithic Stairs ... 289
Lesson: Creating Ramps ... 293
About Ramps ... 294
Process of Creating Ramps ... 296
Guidelines for Creating Ramps ... 298
Exercise: Create a Ramp and Modify the Railing ... 299
Chapter 10: Creating Plan Annotations and Schedules ... 303
Lesson: Adding Dimensions ... 304
About Temporary Dimensions ... 305
About Permanent Dimensions ... 308
About Spot Dimension Symbols ... 313
Guidelines for Adding Dimensions ... 315
Exercise: Add Dimensions and Spot Symbols ... 316
Lesson: Working with Text and Tags ... 321
About Text ... 322
About Tags ... 323
Process of Adding Tags ... 326
Setting Text Placement Parameters ... 327
Guidelines for Working with Text and Tags ... 327
Exercise: Add Column and Beam Tags ... 329
Lesson: Creating Legends ... 334
About Legends ... 335
Guidelines for Creating Legends ... 338
Exercise: Create a Legend ... 339
Lesson: Working with Schedules ... 342
About Schedules ... 343
Working with Schedules ... 346
Guidelines for Working with Schedules ... 347
Chapter 11: Creating Detailing ... 353
Lesson: Working with Detail Views ... 354
About Detail Views ... 355
Process of Saving and Reusing a Detail View ... 362
Guidelines for Saving and Reusing a Detail View ... 363
Exercise: Add 2D Annotations to a Detail View ... 364
Lesson: Adding Concrete Reinforcement ... 371
Adding 3D Reinforcement ... 372
Adding Detail Components ... 373
Guidelines for Adding Concrete Reinforcement ... 375
Exercise: Add Reinforcement Elements and Detail Components ... 376
Lesson: Working with Drafting Views ... 382
About Drafting Views ... 383
Process of Creating and Reusing Drafting Views ... 384
Guidelines for Reusing Drafting Views ... 385
Exercise: Create a Drafting View ... 386
Lesson: Working with CAD Details ... 392
Options for Importing and Editing CAD Files ... 393
Guidelines for Working with CAD Details ... 396
Exercise: Import and Edit DWG Details ... 398
Chapter 12: Creating Construction Documentation ... 403
Lesson: Working with Sheets and Titleblocks ... 404
About Sheets and Titleblocks ... 405
About Revision Tracking ... 407
Process of Creating Sheets by Using Customized Titleblocks ... 412
Creating Revision Clouds ... 413
Guidelines for Working with Sheets and Titleblocks ... 414
Exercise: Create a Sheet by Using a Titleblock ... 415
Lesson: Printing Sheets ... 420
Print Settings ... 421
Print Setup Settings ... 423
Guidelines for Printing Sheets ... 425
Exercise: Print a Sheet Set ... 426
Lesson: Exporting Content to CAD Formats ... 428
Settings for Exporting Content ... 429
Process of Exporting Views to CAD Formats ... 431
Guidelines for Exporting Content to CAD Formats ... 432
Exercise: Export Views ... 433
Introduction
Welcome to the Learning Autodesk Revit Structure 2010 Autodesk Official Training Guide, a training guide for use in Authorized Training Center (ATC) locations, corporate training settings, and other classroom settings.
Although this guide is designed for instructor-led courses, you can also use it for self-paced learning. The guide encourages self-learning through the use of the Autodesk Revit Structure 2010 Help system.
This introduction covers the following topics:
■ Course objectives ■ Prerequisites ■ Using this guide ■ CD contents
■ Completing the exercises
■ Installing the exercise data files from the CD ■ Imperial and metric datasets
■ Notes, tips, and warnings ■ Feedback
This guide is complementary to the software documentation. For detailed explanations of features and functionality, refer to the Help in the software.
Course Objectives
After completing this guide, you will be able to:
■ Describe building information modeling methodology and its benefits.
■ Use different parts of the Revit Structure user interface and work with different types of structural
elements and families.
■ Use the different views listed in the Project Browser, control the visibility and graphical
representation of objects in a structural model, and work with elevation, section, and 3D views.
■ Set up a project and transfer standards between projects, add and modify levels in a structural
model, and create and modify grids.
■ Work with structural columns and structural walls.
■ Add floor framing using beams, work with beams and beam systems, add and edit structural steel
moment and braced frames, and work with concrete beams.
■ Add floors in structural models, create a roof, and add structural framing to the roof for support. ■ Add foundations to a structural model.
■ Create stairs and various types of ramps.
■ Add dimensions and spot dimension symbols, work with text and tags, create a legend with notes,
annotation symbols, and legend components, and work with different types of schedules.
■ Work with detail views, add 3D and 2D reinforcement elements and detail components to
concrete detail views, and work with drafting views and CAD details.
■ Work with sheets and titleblocks, print sheets, and export Revit Structure content to CAD formats.
Prerequisites
This guide is designed for new users of Revit Structure. It is recommended that you have a working knowledge of:
■ Basic structural engineering and design skills.
■ Microsoft® Windows® 2000, Microsoft® Windows® XP, or Microsoft® Windows® Vista.
Using This Guide
The lessons are independent of each other. However, it is recommended that you complete the lessons in the order that they are presented unless you are familiar with the concepts and functionality described in those lessons.
Each chapter contains:
■ Lessons
Usually two or more lessons in each chapter.
■ Exercises
Practical, real-world examples for you to practice using the functionality you have just learned. Each exercise contains step-by-step procedures and graphics to help you complete the exercise successfully.
CD Contents
The CD attached to the back cover of this book contains all the data and drawings you need to complete the exercises in this guide.
Completing the Exercises
You can complete the exercise in two ways: using the book or on screen.
■ Using the book
Follow the step-by-step exercises in the book.
■ On screen
Click the Learning Autodesk Revit Structure 2010 AOTG icon on your desktop, installed from the CD, and follow the step-by-step exercises on screen. The on screen exercises are the same as those in the book. The onscreen version has the advantage that you can concentrate on the screen without having to glance down at your book.
After launching the onscreen exercises, you might need to alter the size of your application window to align both windows.
Installing the Exercise Data Files from the CD
To install the data files for the exercises: 1. Insert the CD.
2. When the setup wizard begins, follow the instructions on screen to install the data.
3. If the wizard does not start automatically, browse to the root directory of the CD and double-click Setup.exe.
Imperial and Metric Datasets
In exercises that specify units of measurement, alternative files are provided as shown in the following example:
■ Open i_export_ifc.rvt (imperial) or m_export_ifc.rvt (metric).
In the exercise steps, the imperial value is followed by the metric value in parentheses as shown in the following example:
■ For Length, enter 13'2" (4038 mm).
For exercises with no specific units of measurement, files are provided as shown in the following example:
■ Open c_boundary_conditions.rvt (common).
In the exercise steps, the unitless value is specified as shown in the following example:
■ For Length, enter 400.
Notes, Tips, and Warnings
Throughout this guide, notes, tips, and warnings are called out for special attention.
Notes contain guidelines, constraints, and other explanatory information.
Tips provide information to enhance your productivity.
Warnings provide information about actions that might result in the loss of data, system failures, or other serious consequences.
Feedback
We always welcome feedback on Autodesk Official Training Guides. After completing this guide, if you have suggestions for improvements or if you want to report an error in the book or on the CD, please send your comments to [email protected].
Chapter
1
Building Information Modeling
Building information modeling (BIM) is an integrated workflow built on coordinated, reliable
information about a project from design through construction and into operations. The Revit platform is purpose-built software for building information modeling.
Building information modeling (BIM) makes sustainable design practices easier by enabling architects and engineers to more accurately visualize, simulate, and analyze building performance earlier in the design process.
Chapter Objective
Lesson: Building Information Modeling for
Lesson:
Structural Engineering
This lesson describes the building information modeling (BIM) process for structural engineering. Applying building information modeling results in better drawings, shorter timelines, and improved productivity. It offers an opportunity for building industry professionals to design, construct, and operate buildings of higher quality at a lower cost and at reduced environmental impact.
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
■ Describe building information modeling. ■ Describe bidirectional associativity.
About Building Information Modeling
Building information modeling is a building design and documentation methodology based on
coordinated, reliable, high quality information. It enables design and construction teams to create and manage information about a building project consistently and reliably across the scope of the project. The information is stored in a single building model. This ensures that the information is coordinated, consistent, and complete.
The building industry has traditionally illustrated building projects with manually created drawings. Information was added to these illustrations by using notes and specifications. With the advent of CAD technology, this process was automated. However, the output of manual drafting, graphics CAD systems, and object-oriented CAD systems remained the same: a graphic abstraction of an intended building design.
The development of the building information modeling methodology represents a new way of thinking and working. The ability to model with objects minimizes tedious drafting by having one 3D object handle multiple 2D representations when placed in a project. More important is what you can do with the model. You use the coordinated data inherent in the model to visualize, simulate, and analyze your designs and make better informed design decisions.
Building information modeling supports large team workflows to improve project understanding and enable more predictable outcomes. The visibility that BIM provides to all members of the project team contributes to its success through better coordination, improved accuracy and the ability to make more informed decisions earlier in the process.
Definition of Building Information Modeling
BIM is an integrated process that allows professionals to explore a project’s key physical and functional characteristics digitally before it is built.
Coordinated, consistent information is used to:
■ Design innovative projects from the very earliest stages
■ Visualize, simulate, and analyze real-world appearance, performance, and cost ■ Document accurately
■ Deliver projects faster, more economically, with reduced environmental impact
By adopting BIM, architects, engineers, contractors, and owners can easily create coordinated, digital design information and documentation.
Autodesk Revit Structure and Building Information Modeling
Revit Structure is purpose-built software for building information modeling.
Traditional drafting and CAD software represent the geometry of a design by using stylized symbols from designated illustrations. Some examples of these illustrations may be a series of plans, elevations, and sections. These illustrations are essentially independent of one another. Building information modeling software represents the design as a series of intelligent objects and elements such as walls, beams, schedules, and plan views. These objects and elements have parametric attributes. The information about these objects and elements is stored in a single building model. You can extract any number of different views of the data from the model.
Revit Structure is a building design and documentation system that supports the design, documentation, and even construction efforts required for a building project. Because of its
parametric change technology, any change you make is automatically coordinated everywhere in your project, including model views, drawing sheets, schedules, sections, and plans.
Building Information Tailored to the User
When using a building information modeling process, the building information is stored in a single building model instead of in a format predicated on a presentation format, such as a drawing file or a spreadsheet. The building information model presents intelligent data for editing and review in views and formats that are appropriate for and familiar to the user. Some examples of these formats are a structural detail or a framing plan.
For example, information such as structural beams are represented differently in a framing plan than they are in a structural detail. While the beam is represented by a symbolic line in plan, and a realistic representation in detail, both are different representations of the same structural element.
Managing Change with Building Information Modeling
Building information modeling solutions manage iterative changes in a building model throughout the design, construction, and operation phases. A change to any part of the building model is replicated in all other associated parts.
BIM for Structural Engineering
BIM for structural engineers follows the same methodology for the entire structural engineering process, focusing on a digital design model that can be used for coordination with architects, and mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and civil engineers. BIM is integrated with analysis, design, and construction documentation. The design model can also be extended from design through fabrication and construction. Autodesk has a complete portfolio of structural engineering software that supports this end to end workflow.
At the center of the BIM workflow is Autodesk Revit Structure, integrating a multi-material physical and analytical model. This single model can be created on its own, or by leveraging 2D or 3D architectural information.
The Revit Structure model can be used throughout the interactive design process to collaborate with all parties involved. The result is a coordinated and consistent design model that reflects the most up-to-date design.
The analytical model is used to integrate Revit Structure and widely-used industry standard structural analysis and design applications, such as Autodesk® Robot® Structural Analysis Professional. The analytical model contains information such as loads, load combinations, member sizes, and release conditions for use in leading third-party analysis applications. The creation of the analytical model uses engineering rules to produce a consistent analytical representation of the physical structure. Engineers can override initial analytical settings and edit the analytical model before linking to structural analysis packages.
Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional software is a collaborative, versatile, and fast
structural analysis and design application that incorporates BIM, allowing engineers to readily analyze a wide variety of structures.
Revit Structure is also used to create the construction documents required for the project. Its bidirectional associativity ensures that changes made to the model are automatically updated on every sheet of the construction documents. Revit Structure can also be used in conjunction with AutoCAD to leverage the power and productivity of the widely-used drafting platform, providing a robust and powerful solution for construction documents.
steel and concrete reinforcement using leading third-party detailing applications as well as AutoCAD Structural Detailing. AutoCAD® Structural Detailing software is a powerful solution for faster and efficient detailing and creation of fabrication shop drawings for reinforced concrete and steel structures.
About Bidirectional Associativity
A key feature of Revit Structure is bidirectional associativity, which ensures that changes to any elements of the design model are immediately reflected in all views where those elements appear.
Definition of Bidirectional Associativity
Bidirectional associativity is the ability of the building information model to coordinate changes made in any view and propagate these changes out to all other views. Bidirectional associativity is applied automatically to every component, view, and annotation. For example, a change in the size and location of a column is reflected in all plans, details, and schedules; all of which are associated with the column and influenced by the change in the column properties. The beams framing into the column are also affected by the changes and are automatically adjusted. Revit helps ensure that plans, schedules, and building sections and elevations are immediately available, up-to-date, and accurate.
Parametric Relationships
The term parametric refers to the relationships among the elements of a building design model. These relationships enable the software to coordinate and manage the changes made to the building model. The relationships are created either automatically by the software or by you. In mathematics and mechanical CAD, the numbers or characteristics that define these relationships are called parameters; therefore, the operation of the software is called parametric. It is these parametric relationships that deliver fundamental coordination and productivity benefits provided by the building information modeling methodology.
Updating the Design Model
A fundamental characteristic of Revit Structure software is the ability to coordinate changes and maintain consistency. You do not have to intervene to update drawings or links. When you change something, the bidirectional associativity feature of the software determines the elements that are affected by the change and propagates that change to any affected elements.
Examples of Bidirectional Associativity
■ Flip a section line and all views update.
■ Draw a wall in plan and it appears in all other views including material takeoffs.
■ Change a beam or column type in a schedule and the change propagates throughout the graphical
and non-graphical views.
Examples of Parametric Relationships
■ Beams attached to supporting columns located on column grids. When a grid moves, the column
moves with it and the beams lengths adjust accordingly.
■ A structural truss modeled using constraints that define the number of bays and lengths of
diagonals. When the span of the truss changes, vertical members are added where necessary and the diagonal web members adjust accordingly.
Chapter
2
Revit Structure Basics
Before you begin to use Revit Structure, you need to become familiar with the interface and the structural elements and families used to create structural designs.
Chapter Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
■ Use different parts of the Revit Structure user interface. ■ Work with different types of structural elements and families.
Lesson: Exploring the User Interface
This lesson describes how to use the different parts of the Revit Structure® user interface. You begin the lesson by learning about the main user interface. Then, you learn about the ribbon framework and some recommended practices for using the user interface. The lesson concludes with an exercise on exploring the user interface.
Revit Structure provides a user friendly interface where tools and options are available on the ribbon. In addition, context menus provide quick access to commonly used tools. The status bar provides information and tips that assist you while you work. Familiarity with the user interface helps you work with the software more efficiently.
Revit Structure user interface with a project file open
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
■ Identify the different parts of the Revit Structure user interface. ■ Describe the Revit Structure ribbon framework.
■ State the recommended practices for using the user interface. ■ Explore the Revit Structure user interface.
The Revit Structure User Interface
Revit Structure is a powerful application that uses the building information modeling methodology and runs on the Microsoft Windows operating system. Like most Windows applications, the user interface of Revit Structure features a ribbon with tabs and panels, toolbars, and dialog boxes that you can use to perform various tasks. You use the mouse to select buttons from the panels or toolbars to perform operations.
Recent Files Window
Every time you launch Revit Structure, a startup window named Recent Files is displayed. This window provides links to recently opened project or family files.
Identifying the Primary User Interface Elements
The following illustration shows the ribbon in Revit with different tabs, panels, and buttons.
User Interface Element Description
Application Button Opens the application menu that provides access to common tools, such as Save, Print, and Publish.
Tab Contains tools, settings, and standard functions. Only one tab can be active at a time and the active tab is on top.
Panel Groups buttons for similar functions and tools.
Expanded Panel Expands a panel to display available actions and is indicated by an arrow next to the panel name. You can temporarily pin an open expanded panel.
Button Starts a tool or operation.
Split Button Opens a drop-down with actions for the particular tool.
Dialog Launcher Opens a dialog box.
The following illustration shows the Project Browser, status bar, View Control Bar, and other elements of the Revit Structure user interface.
User Interface Element Description
Project Browser Displays a tree view of a logical hierarchy for all views, schedules, sheets, and families in the current project.
Status Bar Displays the name of the family and element type when you position the cursor over an object. Displays tips or hints when you use a comment.
View Control Bar Provides shortcuts to commonly used view commands, such as View Scale and Model Graphics Style.
View Window Displays the view that you have selected in the Project Browser. Views can be tiled or maximized to fill the entire view window.
Navigation Bar Displays Zoom controls and opens the Steering Wheels.
View Cube Works as an orientation control for 3D views.
Application Menu
The application menu provides access to many common file actions. You can also access advanced options, such as Export and Publish, to manage files.
Application menu
Quick Access Toolbar
The Quick Access toolbar displays the commonly used actions, such as undo and redo changes, which you can use on files. You can customize the default Quick Access toolbar by adding tools from the ribbon.
InfoCenter Toolbar
You use the InfoCenter toolbar to search for information through keywords and access subscription services and product-related updates. You can also access topics in Help.
InfoCenter toolbar
Context Menus
Context menus are displayed when you right-click an object or an area of the user interface. They list common options, such as Zoom, and other options related to the current task. For example, if you select a wall in the current view, and then right-click it, the context menu displays options such as Change Wall's Orientation and Select Joined Elements.
The Ribbon Framework
The ribbon is displayed at the top of the application window. You use the ribbon to access tools and options that help you design a building project.
You can customize the ribbon by changing its view state and by rearranging the panels that contain the tools. You can toggle between the ribbon view states by using the control to the right of the Manage tab.
The following illustrations show the various ribbon view states.
Full ribbon
Ribbon minimized to tab and panel labels
Ribbon Tabs
The ribbon displays nine tabs and all tools in Revit are available on these tabs. You make a tab active by clicking its name. Each tab consists of panels of grouped tools.
The following illustration shows the various ribbon tabs.
The following table lists the tools and options that you can access on the nine ribbon tabs in Revit Structure.
Tab Tools and Options
Home Includes commonly used tools for placing building elements such as beam, column, brace, wall, floor, and foundation. This tab also includes tools grouped by circulation, reinforcement, Datum, Work Plane, and Model.
Insert Includes tools for linking and importing files, loading family files, and seeking content online.
Annotate Includes tools for placing dimensions, detailing, drafting, text, tags, and symbols.
Modify Includes tools for editing objects, geometry, linework, and faces. This tab also includes copy and paste tools using the clipboard, inquiry tools, and phasing tools.
Analyze Includes tools related to the analytical model, such as adding loads, boundary conditions, and analytical checks and adjustments.
Architect & Site Includes tools for creating conceptual masses and architectural tools, including doors, window, roofs, and curtain walls. This tab also includes tools for modeling and modifying the site components.
Collaborate Includes tools for collaboration with internal and external team members. This tab also includes tools for workset creation, workset management, and coordination.
View Includes tools for controlling graphic appearance of objects, creating views, and adding sheets. This tab also includes options for toggling between views and displaying user interface toolbars.
Manage Includes tools grouped by Project Settings, Project Location, and Macros. This tab also includes options for managing projects and design.
Contextual Tabs
When you start a tool or select elements, a contextual tab opens on the ribbon displaying a set of tools that relate only to the context of that tool or element.
The Type Selector drop-down and the Element Properties drop-down are available on the contextual tabs. Additional tools are also displayed on the contextual tab for working with the element that you are placing or modifying. The Options Bar appears under the contextual tab.
The following illustration shows the Place Beam contextual tab that opens when you activate the Beam tool. User Interface Element Description Element Properties drop-down
Allows you to open either the Instance Properties or the Type Properties dialog box. Using these dialog boxes, you can change the properties of either an individual instance of a family type or all the instances of a family type.
Type Selector drop-down
Allows you to change from one type of element to another. The contents of the drop-down change depending on the current tool or selected elements.
Options Bar Displays options for configuring elements you create or modify. The options change depending on the current tool or selected elements.
Guidelines for Using the User Interface
User interface elements such as the ribbon, Options Bar, and Project Browser help you to work efficiently. The following guidelines help you to work with the user interface.
■ Use the cursor tooltip to view keyboard shortcut commands for tools. The cursor tooltip displays
when you hold it over a button on the ribbon. Instead of a command line in Revit, you can enter keyboard shortcut commands to access tools. For example, enter VG to open the Visibility/ Graphics dialog box.
■ Control tooltip appearance by using the Options dialog box. This helps you view the appropriate
information for your experience level.
■ While working with a tool, when no other action is active, the Modify action is active by default.
To end a tool or operation quickly, press ESC twice to revert to the Modify status.
■ Use the Options Bar to select command-specific tools such as setting wall height while you are
placing walls. This is quicker than selecting and changing walls later.
■ Use the Project Browser to create, delete, change, or switch between views. This helps you quickly
manage the views in a project.
■ Read the hints and tips displayed on the status bar while working. These provide valuable
information about using the tools.
■ Hide the Project Browser while working on big drawings so as to expand the view window and
display a larger part of the drawing. To unhide the Project Browser, use the User Interface drop-down on the Windows panel of the View tab. You can also toggle the ribbon display to enlarge your view on small screens.
Exercise: Explore the Revit Structure User Interface
In this exercise, you explore the different parts of the user interface.
Your firm is standardizing on Revit Structure. You need to learn the user interface before you start work on a project.
You do the following:
■ Explore views of a model.
■ Explore model properties using the interface.
The completed exercise
Completing the Exercise
To complete the exercise, follow the steps in this book or in the onscreen exercise. In the onscreen list of
chapters and exercises, click Chapter 2: Revit Structure Basics. Click Exercise: Explore the Revit Structure User Interface.
Explore Views of a Model
1. Open c_rst_essentials_ui.rvt. The file opens in the 3D - Atrium view.
2. Examine the tab names on the ribbon.
3. Click each tab and examine the panels that they contain. Notice the organization of these tabs and where different tools and options are found.
4. On the InfoCenter toolbar at the upper-right corner of the screen, expand the drop-down for Help, as shown below.
5. Press F1 to open the Revit Structure User's Guide window. Ensure that the Contents tab is active.
Become familiar with this help system. You can continually utilize this system throughout your learning process and beyond.
6. Close the Revit Structure User’s Guide window.
7. Examine the Project Browser. It lists all the views associated with the structural model. Notice that the 3D - Atrium view is bold, indicating it is the active view.
The Project Browser always contains all the views of a model and is used to navigate between the views. You can easily create and name new views as required in your design process.
8. To examine the different views available in this model, in the Project Browser, under Views (All), Structural Plans, double-click Level 2. This activates the view.
9. Return to the 3D - Atrium view.
10. On the View Control Bar, change Model Graphics Style to Shading with Edges.
Notice the change in the graphical display of the view.
11. Right-click anywhere in the view window. Notice the context menu for this 3D view and click View Properties.
12. In the Instance Properties dialog box, for Visibility/Graphics Overrides, click Edit in the Value field.
13. In the Visibility/Graphic Overrides dialog box, notice the visibility settings for this view.
14. Click Cancel in both the dialog boxes. 15. In the view window, place the cursor over
the curved foundation wall. The edges will highlight and a tooltip and the status bar display information about the wall.
16. Click to select the curved foundation wall. The selected wall displays in blue. A contextual tab named Modify Walls opens on the ribbon. Notice the tools available on this tab.
17. Right-click the selected curved foundation wall. Click Elements Properties to open the Instance Properties dialog box.
Note: To open the Instance Properties dialog box, you can also click Element Properties drop-down > Instance Properties on the Element panel of the Modify Walls tab.
18. In the Instance Properties dialog box:
■ Notice the properties of the wall.
■ Click Cancel to close the dialog box.
19. Click View tab > Windows panel > Close Hidden. This closes the different views you opened while exploring the model using the Project Browser.
Explore Model Properties Using the Interface
1. In the Project Browser, under Views (All), Structural Plans, double-click Level 3 to open the view.
2. To zoom in to examine a portion of the view at close range:
■ On the Navigation Bar at the right of the
view window, click the drop-down arrow under the Zoom tool.
■ Ensure that Zoom in Region is selected.
3. Click and drag a selection box around the area between grid lines H and K and grid lines 2 and 4.
4. Move the cursor over to the column at the grid intersection J3 to highlight it. The column type is displayed in the tooltip and on the status bar.
5. Move the cursor over the edge of the floor slab to highlight the floor element. Click to select the floor element. The color of the floor changes to blue indicating the selection. The floor type is displayed in the Type Selector drop-down on the Modify Floors tab.
6. Click Modify Floors tab > Element panel > Element Properties drop-down > Instance Properties to open the Instance Properties dialog box for the selected floor.
7. In the Instance Properties dialog box:
■ Notice the floor properties. If you change
these properties, only the selected floor properties change.
■ Click Cancel to close the dialog box.
8. Examine the panels on the Modify Floors tab. Notice that the tab displays tools for modifying the selected floor.
9. Click Home tab > Structure panel > Wall. A contextual tab named Place Structural Wall opens. Notice that the Options Bar below the ribbon displays options such as Location Line, Chain, and Offset for sketching or placing new walls.
10. Click Place Structural Wall tab > Selection panel > Modify to exit the Wall tool.
11. Click the Annotate tab. Notice the tools that are available on this tab.
12. In the view window, select the floor slab as selected previously.
13. Open the 3D - Atrium view. 14. In the view window:
■ Zoom the view to fit and notice that the
floor slab is still selected.
■ Clear the selection by clicking away from
15. On the View Control Bar:
■ Click Model Graphics Style to open the
associated list.
■ Click Wireframe to change the view to
wireframe.
■ Apply the other model graphic styles.
16. Return to the Shading with Edges style.
17. Click View tab > Windows panel > Tile to display all the views that you have opened.
18. On the Navigation Bar in the active view:
■ Click the Zoom drop-down.
■ Click Zoom All to Fit. Notice that each view
is zoomed to fit within its tiled window. 19. Close the file without saving changes.
Lesson: Working with Structural Elements
Lesson:
and Families
This lesson describes how to work with different types of structural elements and families. You begin the lesson by learning about structural elements and families. Next, you learn some recommended practices for working with them. The lesson concludes with an exercise on working with structural elements and families.
Structural elements, such as columns and beams, are used to model a building structure. Revit provides a standard library of elements, in which elements of similar types are grouped into families. These Revit families are groups of elements with common parameters and usage. For example, a steel building can contain several different wide flange column sizes, such as W10x88, W12x65, and W14x82, but they all belong to the same wide flange column family. You can create new families or easily modify the existing ones using the Revit Family Editor, without the need for any programming.
The following illustration shows a building structure built with standard Revit elements, including beams, columns, braces, floors, walls, and foundations.
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
■ Describe structural elements. ■ Describe families.
■ State the recommended practices for working with structural elements and families. ■ Work with structural elements and families.
About Structural Elements
A structural model comprises different structural elements, such as beams, columns, walls, and foundations.
Definition of Structural Elements
Structural elements are the fundamental blocks of a building structure. When you place an element in a structural model, the individual element is called an instance of that element type. The instances of an element type have certain common parameter values. Element instances are broadly divided into four categories: datum, model, view, and annotation. The model category is further subdivided into the component and host categories.
The following illustration shows the categories of element instances and some examples of elements included in these categories.
The following table describes each element category.
Category Description
Datum Includes elements such as levels, column grids, and reference planes that establish a context for the host and component elements. These datum elements help layout the building structure.
Model Includes elements such as walls, floors, columns, and beams that are used to model a structural design.
Category Description
View Includes elements such as structural plans, sections, and schedules that are dynamic representations of a structural model, have their own properties, and can be modified or deleted. View elements control the annotation elements placed in a view. If you delete a view, the annotations placed in the view are also deleted. View elements do not control the host and component elements.
Annotation Includes elements such as dimensions, text notes, section tags, and object tags that are two-dimensional and are visible only in the specified view of a structural model. These elements help create structural documentation.
Elements as Objects
Structural elements such as walls, columns, and beams are called objects. The properties of these objects, such as structure and behavior, are called parameters. These properties simplify the process of creating a structural model. For example, when you draw a wall element in Revit, you do not need to ensure that the wall layer is active as in a conventional CAD application. In addition, you do not need to draw the faces and internal structural details of the wall element separately. The wall element behaves as a wall and has all the visual attributes of a wall, such as the required line weight and color. You can join a wall element to other walls, connect it structurally to floors and ceilings, and place windows and doors in it.
Intelligence is programmed into Revit elements so that their behavior is affected by the relationships they share with other elements.
Example of Structural Elements
The following illustrations show wall elements, wall instance parameters, and wall type parameters.
Wall elements
Wall instance parameters Wall type parameters
About Families
Families are classes of elements within a category that group elements with a common set of parameters, identical use, and similar graphical representation. Revit contains various predefined families, which you can use in your projects. You can modify these predefined families to suit project requirements. You can also create custom families by using templates for beams, columns, and foundations.
Definition of Families
A family is a collection of objects with similar characteristics. These characteristics are represented by instance and type parameters. Instance parameters are specific to a particular instance of an object in a structural model, but type parameters apply to all objects of a particular type.
Different elements within a family may have different values for some or all properties; however, the set of properties is the same. Each element with a different value is a new type within a family. For example, a beam with a specific profile can be of different sizes and all beams of different sizes are new types within the beam family. Similarly, rectangular columns can be considered as one family, though the columns belonging to the family are available in different styles and different sizes within those styles.
The following illustration shows different types of columns belonging to the Structural Columns family.
Component and System Families
There are two types of families, component and system.
Component families, also known as loadable families, are families for which you can specify parameters and graphical representations. The extensive library of component families includes annotation components, 2D detail components, and 3D model components. You can create component families by using family templates or by loading existing component families into a project. You can also modify the existing component families.
A special type of component family is an in-place family, which is specific to the project in which it is created and edited. An example of an in-place family is a tapered column.
System families are families that have a predefined set of parameters and graphical representation. The system family library includes walls, dimensions, roofs, floors, and levels. System families are not available as external files; therefore, you cannot load or create system families as separate files. However, you can modify the existing system families to suit project requirements or organization standards. You can use a predefined system family to generate new types in that family in a project. For example, although the behavior of a wall is predefined, you can still create different types of walls with different compositions. You can transfer system families between projects.
The following table shows an example of an element, a family, a type, and an instance.
Option Example
Element Wall
Family/System family Basic Wall
Type Exterior - 12" Concrete
Instance Actual user-drawn wall in a project
Example of Families
Revit provides controls for how elements are constructed and located in a project using the Family, Type, and Instance Properties dialog boxes. The family properties control the geometry of elements, the type properties control their size, and the instance properties control the location of elements in space.
The following illustrations show a wall instance, different wall families, and a wall family type.
Wall instance
Wall families Wall family type
Guidelines for Working with Structural Elements and Families
The following recommended practices help you work efficiently with structural elements and families.
■ Familiarize yourself with the predefined content libraries that Revit installs and custom content
libraries created by other users in your organization. This enables you to reuse existing elements and saves the time and effort that goes into creating a library from scratch. You can also access the Revit content online.
■ Save a family to the library folder after creating new types or modifying a type within a family. This
makes the new family type available across projects and to other users.
■ Identify and create common system content that is frequently used in your organization, such
as wall and floor types, and include it in the template file of your organization. This saves time because you do not have to recreate the system content as you model future projects.
■ Move the cursor over an element to view the tooltip information about its family and type while
Exercise: Work with Structural Elements and Families
In this exercise, you view different types of structural elements, families, and types of families. You also change the parameters of a beam.
In your project, you want to view the different types of structural elements and families in different views.
The completed exercise
Completing the Exercise
To complete the exercise, follow the steps in this book or in the onscreen exercise. In the onscreen list of
chapters and exercises, click Chapter 2: Revit Structure Basics. Click Work with Structural Elements and Families.
model elements display in the 3D view. The datum elements, which are levels and grids, do not display in the 3D view.
Note: The illustrations for the metric dataset will be slightly different from those shown here. 2. Open the Elevation 2 - a view, which shows
a steel brace frame consisting of wide flange beams, wide flange columns, and steel tube braces. In addition to the model elements, there are level and grid datum elements and
3. Select the beam below the SECOND FLR. level.
4. Click Modify Structural Framing tab > Element panel > Type Selector drop-down.
5. Select W-Wide Flange W12x26 (M_W-Wide Flange W310X38.7) from the Type Selector drop-down. Notice that the depth of the beam changes, and also that the ends of the braces adjust with the depth of the beam.
6. On the Element panel, select Type Properties from the Element Properties drop-down. 7. In the Type Properties dialog box:
■ Notice that the W12x26 (W310X38.7) beam
belongs to the W-Wide Flange (M_W-Wide Flange) family.
■ Click Cancel.
8. In the view window, select one of the two W10x49 (W250x115) columns.
9. Open the Type Properties dialog box again. 10. In the Type Properties dialog box:
■ Notice that the W10x49 (W250x115)
column belongs to the W-Wide Flange-Column (M_W-Wide Flange-Flange-Column) family.
■ Click Cancel.
Note: It is important to note that the column and beam elements share the same type parameters that define their size, such as bf, tf, and tw. However, these elements belong to different families because they have a different set of instance parameters that define their location in the model based on their structural use.
11. In the view window, clear the selection from the column.
12. Open the SECOND FLR. structural plan view. 13. In the view window, notice the stick
representation of the steel framing. This is because the view is set to the Coarse detail view.
14. On the View Control Bar, change the Detail Level to Medium. The beam extrusions representing the actual flange widths of the members are now visible.
Note: Changing the Detail Level can be useful for checking whether the flange widths accommodate the slab edges or architectural wall assemblies at shaft openings and at the perimeter of the building.
15. Open the Structural Framing Schedule view. This schedule view lists every instance of structural framing elements currently in the model. You can assign parameters common to structural framing elements to display by using the properties of the schedule view. In this case, Reference Level, Family and Type, Length, and Structural Usage are displayed.
Note: Schedule views are bidirectional, similar to the other views in the Revit model. If elements are added or removed from the model, the schedule is automatically updated accordingly. Similarly, any changes made in the schedule view are propagated throughout the model.
16. Click View tab > Windows panel > Tile to display the tile view.
17. Click in the default 3D view window to make it active.
18. On the Navigation Bar, click Zoom All to Fit from the Zoom options drop-down.
Notice that each view is zoomed to fit its tiled window.
Note: If the Zoom All to Fit option is already selected in the Zoom options drop-down, click the Zoom icon to activate Zoom All to Fit. 19. Close the file without saving changes.
Chapter
3
Viewing the Structural Model
In this chapter, you learn how to create, duplicate, and manage views. Additionally, you learn how to control object visibility in views and create elevation, section, and 3D views.
Chapter Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
■ Use the different views listed in the Project Browser.
■ Control the visibility and graphical representation of objects in a structural model. ■ Work with elevation and section views.
Lesson: Working with Views
This lesson describes how to use the different views listed in the Project Browser. You begin the lesson by learning about views and the use of view properties. Then, you learn about some recommended practices for working with views. The lesson concludes with an exercise on exploring existing views and creating new ones.
View elements are essential to the process of creating a Revit model. You can use views, such as the plan, section, elevation, and 3D views, to visualize a model as it is being built and generate the construction documentation. Each view has specific properties that can be used to modify its graphical display, independent of the other views. However, changes made to model elements, such as beams, columns, and walls, are reflected in all associated views.
The following illustration shows four different views tiled in the view window: a framing elevation, a 3D view, a wall elevation, and a framing plan.
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
■ Describe views.
■ Explain the use of view properties.
■ State the recommended practices for working with views. ■ Explore and create views.
About Views
The Project Browser displays a list of all project views. These views display different representations of the same structural model. When you open a new view, the views that were already open remain open and their settings do not change.
Definition of Views
Views provide a way of visualizing and working on a building model. You use views to display a model from different directions and reference points that help you build the model. In addition, you use views to generate plans, elevations, sections, details, and schedules that are used to assemble construction documentation.
When you start a project, certain views are created by default based on the project template that you select. You can edit the properties of these views and create new views, as required. You can also duplicate existing plan and 3D views to create new views.
You can navigate within a view using the mouse wheel, Steering Wheels, or the view cube, and switch between views in the middle of an activity. For example, you can select a floor in 3D view and edit it in plan view. However, only one view can be active at any given time.
Bidirectional Associativity
Bidirectional associativity ensures that the changes made in one view automatically reflect in all the associated views. Bidirectional associativity applies to every component, view, and annotation in a project.
For example, a change made to the spacing of the floor framing in a plan view is reflected in all the associated views, such as section views.
Options for Duplicating Views
By duplicating a view, you can display the same portion of the structural model in multiple views with different view settings, if required.
The following table describes the three options that you can use to duplicate views.
Options Description
Duplicate This option creates a view that is a copy of the original view. A duplicate view displays model elements but not annotation elements from the original view. For example, you can use this option to create a duplicate foundation plan that displays a referenced architectural plan and is used for coordination purposes. The duplicate plan is independent of the original foundation plan.
Options Description Duplicate with Detailing
This option creates a view that inherits all details of the original view. A duplicate with detailing view displays both model and annotation elements from the original view. For example, you can use this option to create an overall foundation plan that includes the detailing you added to the original foundation plan. The overall plan is independent of the original foundation plan. Any additional annotation you add is displayed only in the view to which it is added.
Duplicate as a Dependent
This option creates a dependent view that inherits view properties and view-specific elements from the original view, known as the parent view. A dependent view is used to display only a specific area of the view. You can insert matchlines to indicate where the view is split and view references to link views. Annotation added to the dependent view is displayed in the parent view and vice versa. This option helps to create views that show portions of a plan when the entire plan is too large to fit on a drawing sheet.
The following illustrations show an original view and its duplicate copies created by using the options for duplicating views.
Original view with annotation
Duplicate view without annotation
Duplicate with detailing view, with annotation included
Underlay
You use the underlay property of a plan view to display another plan view of the model under the current plan view. Underlay can be above or below the current level and appears in halftone. You use underlay to understand the relationship among the components on different floors. You can select and modify elements in the underlay or snap to the underlay elements for the purpose of the design layout.
In the following illustration, the halftone lines show a lower-level plan view as underlay in the current plan view.
Examples of Views
The following illustrations show the different types of views of a structural model.
3D view Callout view
Framing Elevation view Section view
Plan view
Elevation view
Schedule view
View Properties
You use view properties to set and modify parameters associated with the active view, such as scale, graphics style, and underlay. Certain view instance properties are available on the View Control Bar at the bottom of each view window. You can use this bar to quickly access some of the properties that affect the views in the view window
You can also modify the properties of a view by using the Instance Properties dialog box for that view.
View Property Parameters
View property parameters affect the way a model is displayed in the active view window.
Different types of views have different properties. The following table describes the key parameters available in the Instance Properties dialog box of a view.
Parameter Description
View Scale Changes the scale of the view as it appears on the drawing sheet.
Scale Value Defines a custom scale value. Scale Value is enabled when Custom is selected for View Scale.
Display Model
Comprises three settings: Normal, Do Not Display, and As Underlay. The Normal setting displays all elements normally. This setting is intended for all nondetail views. The Do Not Display setting hides the model and displays only detailed, view-specific elements. These elements include lines, regions, dimensions, text, and symbols. The As Underlay setting displays all detailed, view-specific elements normally and model elements appear dimmed.
Detail Level Applies a Coarse, Medium, or Fine detail level setting to the view scale. This setting overrides the automatic detail level setting for the view.
Visibility/ Graphics Overrides
Controls the visibility of objects by category in a view. You can specify visibility settings using the Visibility/Graphic Overrides dialog box.
Note: This is a powerful feature of Revit and you will learn more about it later.
Model Graphics Style
Specifies different graphic styles for the project view. The styles include Hidden Line, Wireframe, Shading, and Shading with Edges.
Graphic Display Options
Control the shadows and silhouette lines in a view.
Discipline Specifies the discipline for the project view and controls the display of model objects. You can select the Architectural, Structural, Mechanical, Electrical, and Coordination disciplines for the project.
Color Scheme Specifies the color pattern to be applied when rooms are visible in the view.
View Name Displays the name of the active view. The view name also appears in the Project Browser and on the title bar of the view.