Efficient Buildings Plus Solar

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www.efficiency-from-germany.info

Efficient Buildings Plus Solar

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Latest developments in Research, Realisation and

building standards for highly efficient buildings

with active solar energy generation

at the building shelter

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Specialized as Architect and Author on solar

Architecture and Photovoltaic-Building-Integration:

– Solar Architecture / Design Solar Integration

– PV-Product Development

– BIPV-Research Projects

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Latest state of the art in Research, Realization and standards

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EU-Directive for ‚Nearly Zero Energy Buildings‘

Directive 2010/31/EU:

of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on

the energy performance of buildings:

„Nearly zero-energy building: a building that has a very high energy performance. The nearly zero or very low amount of energy required should be covered to a very significant extent by energy from

renewable sources, including energy from renewable sources produced on-site or nearby.“

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EU-Directive ‚Nearly Zero Energy Buildings‘

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Germany = Europe aims to construct and refurbish due to

EU-Directive 2010/31/EU and consecutive national laws (EnEV 2014)

‚Nearly Zero Energy Buildings‘.

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Measures:

 Highest efficiency by strong insulation and heat recovery

 Solar energy generation at the building skin

 Use of environmental energy by heat pumps

 ‚Life Cycle‘-analysis of used materials (DGNB)

 Construction and operation contracts for huge public buildings for about 25 – 30 years to allow investment in renewable energy and efficiency

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Efficiency standards for buildings in Germany in 1980-2020

Primary energy demand for heating for a semi detached house in [kWh/m2_a]

Source: BMUB – Wege zum Effizienzhaus Plus 2015 –www.bumb.bund.de

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Solar Systems Price -68% Solar Electricity grows

In Germany are Photovoltaic Systems with 39 GW installed until Juli 2015 .

In 2014 Electricity Generation by Photovoltaic Systems = 5.8% of German Electricity Demand

Source: Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft –www.solarwirtschaft.de

35

TWh

in 2014

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Costs of Solar Electricity Generation – Public Electricity

Solar Electricity should be competitive in Mexico

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Efficiency House Plus

Complete energy demand shall be covered by Solar Generation on the south façade and the flat roof

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Efficiency House Plus

Energy system:

 PV-panels facade and roof

heat pump

heat recovery ventilation

 battery

 electric cars and bikes Energy Balance:

panels facade

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Efficiency House Plus – Energy Balance

Yearly Energy Balance 2012/2013:

Solar generation: 13,306 kWh

Energy demand: 12,400 kWh

Direct self consumption: 6,555 kWh

Feeding into grid: 6,751 kWh

Consumption from grid: 5,800 kWh Energy Use:

47 % heating and hot water

4 % light

25 % household energy

24 % ventilation, auxiliary energy

Surplus usable for electric mobility: 906 kWh

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Efficiency House Plus

Energy rating by official labeling

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Federal Ministry for Education and Research in Berlin

The building received ‚Gold‘ Certification according to BNB / DGNB-Standard

Architects: Heinle, Wischer and Partner – Christian Pelzeter; Berlin

Facade Planning, Sustainability, Energy Planning: Werner Sobek, Stuttgart

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Federal Ministry for Education and Research in Berlinrlin

Solar Electricity is produced on the facade and at the roof

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Solar Electricity Generation at the Facade – alterning glass and stone

-with custom sized monocrystalline Solar Modules

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Analysis Solar Irradiation Building Skin – Gas fired fuel cell

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Federal Ministry for Education and Research in Berlin

Building Data:

 Average U-Value 0,16 (W/m²K)

 Transparent facade areas U-Value 0,84 (W/m²K)

 Glass roofs U-Value 1,70 (W/m²K)

Photovoltaik-System:

 Capacity 115 kW_p– Energy Generation ca.100 000 kWh/year

 Companies: SunStrom GmbH, Solar World AG, GSS – Gebäude Solar Systeme GmbH

Energy System:

 Fuel Cell: 250 kW_elder FuelCell Energy Solution GmbH – IKTS,

 Absorption Chiller: 105 kW, Heat Pump: 80 kW, CHP fired with Gas: 140 kW_el,

 Compression Chiller: 590 kW, Gas-Boiler: 400 kW

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Federal Ministry for Education and Research in Berlin

Energiebedarf gemäß Energieeinsparverordnung:

EnEV 2009:Primärenergiebedarf 36,1 kWh/(m2_∙a)

‚Gold‘ Certification according to BNB / DGNB-Standard

Life Cycle Analysis :

for building construction and energy-, airing-, and water-supply systems (KG 300 und 400 nach DIN 277)

im Betrachtungszeitraum 50 Jahre für die allseitig baulich umschlossene Nettogeschossfläche:

 Gesamtprimärenergiebedarf PE_ges101,32 kWh/(m2

NGFa·a)

Primärenergiebedarf nicht erneuerbar Pe_ne82,9 kWh/(m2

NGFa·a)

Anteil erneuerbarer Primärenergiebedarf am Gesamtprimärenergiebedarf PE_e18,2%

Treibhauspotenzial GWP 21,86 kg CO₂-Äqu./(m2

NGFa·a)

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Federal Ministry for Education and Research in Berlin

Lessons learned:

 Gold-Certification = extremely efficient

 Such a huge building can not cover too much of it’s electricity / overall energy demand with relatively small solar facade and roof areas ‚on site’

 Big buildings stay dependent on external renewable energy supply from the countryside

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Aktiv-Stadthaus – Active City Building in Frankfurt

Inner city solar house designed by Manfred Hegger, HHS-Arhitects

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Aktiv-Stadthaus – Active City Building in Frankfurt

Solar Facade with Solar Cells in custom sized Glass-Glass module produced by solarnova Deutschland GmbH, Wedel / Mexico

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Aktiv-Stadthaus – Active City Building in Frankfurt

Sewage Water System as Heat Source – Touchpad for Energy Management

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Active City Building in Frankfurt – Final Energy Balance

Solar Electricity shall cover total demand by more than 100%

Source: EGS-Plan – Steinbeis Transfere Zentrum, Stuttgart

PV-facade Solar Generation PV Roof Solar Generation Mobility Electricity Demand Household Electricity Demand General Electricity Demand Auxiliary equipment El-Demand Hot water El. Demand

Heating El. Demand (both supplied with heat pump)

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Active City Building in Frankfurt – Energy System Data

Photovoltaic system:

Sum Solar electricity production – 299 MWh/a

 Facade: 348 PV-Modules by Solarnova GmbH each 338 Wp, size 2106 x 1300 mm, Glass-Glass-Laminates with PVB-Foil, 117,6 kW Power, Solar generation 55 MWh/a

 Roof: 769 Modules by Sunpower with 333 Wp, size 1569 x 1046 mm, capacity 251 kWp, Solar generation 246 MWh/a

 Battery: 250 kWhCapacity

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Heat pump:

with sewage system

as heat source, Hersteller Uhrig

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Heat Demand:

 Space heating demand: 18,4 kWh/m²a (average COP WP 4,8)

 Hot water demand: 16,8 kWh/m²a (average COP WP 3,1)

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Active City Building in Frankfurt – Project Data

New advanced Energy-Standard:

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‚EffizienzhausPlus-Standard‘ – Efficiency Plus Standard:

 Renewable energy production ‚on site’ bigger, as demand for

heating, cooling, hot water, auxiliary equipment electricity demand (ventilation) and household electricity

U-Werte Gebäudehülle in (W/m2K)

 Facade 0,13

 Windows 0,80

 Roof 0,10

 Floor 0,14

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Active City Building in Frankfurt – Project Partners

 Client: ABG FRANKFURT HOLDING GmbH

 Architects: HHS Planer + Architekten AG, Kassel

 Energy Planning: EGS-Plan Ingenieurgesellschaft für Energie-, Gebäude- und Solartechnik mbH, Stuttgart

 Research and Monitoring Energy data:

 TU Darmstadt Prof. Manfred Hegger, Darmstadt und Steinbeis Transferzentrum für Energie-, Gebäude- und Solartechnik, Stuttgart

 Research funded by German Federal Ministry for Construction and

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Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Revitalization

The village ‚Nechlin‘ in North-East-Germany before refurbishment

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Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Revitalization

‘Energy Village Nechlin‘ with solar facades – client: Wärme für Nechlin

Foto: Astrid Schneider, Solar Architecture

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Nechlin as a left over Eastern German village

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Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Revitalization

‘Energy Village Nechlin‘ – with Photovoltaic roofs and facades

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‘Energy Village Nechlin‘ with solar facades

Foto: Astrid Schneider

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Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Revitalization

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‘Energy Storage’ – with custom sized glass-glass-modules, produced by Solarnova Deutchland GmbH

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Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Revitalization

The ‚Schnitterhaus‘ with Solar Roofs, Shades and Solar Window Shutters

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Solar Shading Solutions with Electricity Generation are interesting for sunny regions

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Energy Village Nechlin: district heating with 100% Sun and Biomass

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Conclusions:

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Efficiency and renewable energy are uniting forces in a new

architecture, the ‚Efficiency Plus Solar Building‘

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‚Passive House’ = ‚Efficiency House’ + ,Solar House’ = ,Active House‘

 Aim: Solar Energy generated on the building skin shall supply all needs in a yearly balance

 Solar and other renewable electricity activates often environmental heat and cold via heat pumps

 Often storage and battery use for high share of direct solar energy use

 Electric mobility is an integral future part of such energy concepts

 Not autarky, but a high self supply and an optimal integration in local energy networks in an interactive ‘smart’ manner is the aim

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www.efficiency-from-germany.info

Astrid Schneider – Solar Architecture

Berlin

astrid (a) astrid-schneider.de

www.astrid-schneider.de

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32010L0031

www.bumb.bund.de

http://www.nechlin.de/