Introduction.

Introduction

✓ Table Grapes in Chile1

➢ It is the most important horticultural crop 47.834 ha ➢ Over 650.000 ton were exported

➢ MU$1.250 business

➢ Valparaíso, Metropolitan

and O’Higgins regions are the

most important zones for table grapes

➢ Cultivated mostly on fine textured soils and

Mediterranean weather conditions

Introduction

✓ Table Grapes in Chile1

➢ It is the most important horticultural crop 47.384 ha ➢ Over 650.000 ton were exported

➢ MU$1.250 business

➢ Valparaíso, Metropolitan

and O’Higgins regions are the

most important zones for table grapes

➢ Cultivated mostly on fine textured soils and

Mediterranean weather conditions

Introduction

✓ Need: Because of Table grape’s quality requirements and reduction on water availability, it is necessary to know and

understand the plant’s water demand throughout the season and

what is the effect of irrigation management in yield

✓ Possible Solutions

➢ To obtain Crop evapotranspiration using lysimeters

➢ To obtain Crop evapotranspiration using Eddy Covariance ➢ To obtain table grapes crop coefficients

➢ To obtain soil refill point in table grapes ➢ To obtain production functions

To obtain Crop evapotranspiration

using lysimeters

Crop Evapotranspiration

ETc=ET0⋅Kc Where

ETc = Crop Evapotranspiration (mm)

ET₀ = Reference Evapotranspiration (mm)

To obtain Crop evapotranspiration

using lysimeters

Crop Evapotranspiration

Kc=ETc/ET₀

Where

To obtain Crop evapotranspiration

using lysimeters

Crop Evapotranspiration

Kc=ETc/ET₀

Where

ETc = Crop Evapotranspiration (mm)

ET₀ = Reference Evapotranspiration (mm)

To obtain Crop evapotranspiration

using lysimeters

To obtain Crop evapotranspiration

using lysimeters

To obtain Crop evapotranspiration

using lysimeters

To obtain Crop evapotranspiration

using lysimeters

Days after bud break Berry set

Lysimeters average

To obtain Crop evapotranspiration

using lysimeters

To obtain Crop evapotranspiration

using lysimeters

Days after bud break Berry set

Veraison

Harvest

Lysimeters average

To obtain Crop evapotranspiration

using lysimeters

To obtain Crop evapotranspiration

using lysimeters

Days after bud break

Ev apo tr ans p ir ati o n (mm) Berry set Veraison Harvest Lysimeters average Season 2

To obtain Crop evapotranspiration

using lysimeters

Month Crop ET (m3/ha) %

October 437.0 5.4

November 862.7 10.6

December 1881.7 23.1

January 1,989.3 24.4

To obtain Crop evapotranspiration

using Eddy Covariance

Days after bud break

Cr op Coef ficie n t (K c)

To obtain Crop evapotranspiration

using Eddy Covariance

Month Crop ET (m3/ha) %

September 202.3 2.5 October 378.3 4.7 November 1344.7 16.6 December 1462.3 18.0 January 1630.7 20.1 February 1875.3 23.1

To obtain Kc measuring leaves

coverage

To obtain Kc measuring leaves

coverage

To obtain Kc measuring leaves

coverage

To obtain Kc measuring leaves

coverage

Kc

=0.012

∗

S+0.072

To obtain Kc measuring leaves

coverage

To obtain Kc measuring leaves

coverage

To obtain Kc measuring leaves

coverage

To obtain Kc measuring leaves

coverage

To obtain soil refill point in table

grapes

To obtain soil refill point in table

grapes

To obtain soil refill point in table

grapes

Available water (%) St em w at er po tentia l ( Mpa )

To obtain soil refill point in table

grapes

To obtain soil refill point in table

grapes

To obtain soil refill point in table

grapes

To obtain production functions

Crop evapotranspiration percentage (%)

Y

ie

ld

(%)

Conclusions

✓ According to the experiments carried out in Aconcagua Valley throughout four seasons, the table grape water demand reaches around 8,000 m3_/ha

✓ Irrigation supply under 80% of Crop Evapotranspiration affects Berry size in Thompson Seedless

✓ Irrigation supply over 120% of Crop Evapotranspiration do not increase Thompson Seedless berry size, but increases energy consumption

✓ Thompson Seedless’ Crop coefficients were obtained for Aconcagua Valley environmental conditions

✓ Soil water content depletion until 30% of soil available water do not affect stomatal conductance in table grapes