SYNCHROPHASORS IN SMART GRID IN KEY COUNTRIES, UPDATE 2014 MARKET VOLUME, AVERAGE PRICE AND MARKET SIZE FORECASTS TO 2020

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SYNCHROPHASORS IN SMART GRID IN KEY

COUNTRIES, UPDATE 2014 – MARKET VOLUME,

AVERAGE PRICE AND MARKET SIZE FORECASTS TO

2020

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Synchrophasors in Smart Grid in Key Countries, Update 2014 – Market Volume, Average Price and Market Size Forecasts to 2020

2 © GlobalData. This report is a licensed product and is not to be copied, reproduced, shared or resold in any form.

US Leads North American Synchrophasor Market

The US has the largest grid in North America and accounts for the majority of the renewable and distributed energy generation in the region. It is also a leading market in terms of smart grid investment and project funding. North America is the base for many Electric Vehicle (EV), microgrid, and smart meter manufacturers, as well as companies involved in the manufacture of other microgrid and smart grid-related equipment. It also leads the North American Synchrophasor Initiative (NASPI). The US is the leading country in the synchrophasor market in North America in terms of value and sales, with a XX% share, followed by Canada with XX% and Mexico with the remaining XX%.

Synchrophasors, North America, Market Size by Country (%), 2013

US Canada

Mexico

Source: GlobalData, Power eTrack, Equipment Database [Accessed on April 25 ,2014]

China Holds the Lowest Average Price per Synchrophasor Unit

The average price of a synchrophasor in China is less than half of the price in most developed countries, because they are locally manufactured and tailor-made to specific lower standards and requirements stipulated by the government. The average price of a synchrophasor unit amounted to $XX per unit in 2013. The following figure compares the average price per unit for synchrophasors in China with other countries over the 2010–2013 period. China is also the biggest upcoming market for synchrophasors by volume.

Synchrophasors, Average Price ($), 2010–2013

China Colombia Australia US India UK

Average price ($/unit)

2010 2013

Source: GlobalData, Power eTrack, Equipment Database [Accessed on April 25 ,2014]

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1

1.1 List of Tables

Table 1: Synchrophasors, India, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2009–2020 ... 19

Table 2: Synchrophasors, India, Transmission Substation Volume, 2009–2020 ... 21

Table 3: Synchrophasors, India, Volume and Market Size ($m), 2010–2020 ... 25

Table 4: Synchrophasors, India, Average Price ($/unit), 2010–2020 ... 26

Table 5: Synchrophasors, China, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2009–2020... 28

Table 6: Synchrophasors, China, Transmission Substation Volume, 2009–2020 ... 30

Table 7: Synchrophasors, China, Volume and Market Size ($m), 2010–2020 ... 33

Table 8: Synchrophasors, China, Average Price ($/unit), 2010–2020 ... 35

Table 9: Synchrophasors, Australia, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2009–2020 ... 37

Table 10: Synchrophasors, Australia, Transmission Substation Volume, 2009–2020 ... 39

Table 11: Synchrophasors, Australia, Volume and Market Size ($m), 2010–2020 ... 41

Table 12: Synchrophasors, Australia, Average Price ($/unit), 2010–2020 ... 43

Table 13: Synchrophasors, New Zealand, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2009–2020 ... 45

Table 14: Synchrophasors, New Zealand, Transmission Projects to be Commissioned, 2012–2013 ... 46

Table 15: Synchrophasors, New Zealand, Transmission Substation Volume, 2009–2020 ... 47

Table 16: Synchrophasors, New Zealand, Volume and Market Size ($m), 2010–2020 ... 49

Table 17: Synchrophasors, New Zealand, Average Price ($/unit), 2010–2020 ... 51

Table 18: Synchrophasors, Mexico, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2009–2020 ... 53

Table 19: Synchrophasors, Mexico, Volume and Market Size ($m), 2010–2020 ... 55

Table 20: Synchrophasors, Mexico, Average Price ($/unit), 2010–2020 ... 57

Table 21: Synchrophasors, Canada, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2009–2020 ... 59

Table 22: Synchrophasors, Canada, Transmission Substation Volume, 2009–2020 ... 60

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Table 24: Synchrophasors, Canada, Average Price ($/unit), 2010–2020 ... 65

Table 25: Synchrophasors, US, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2009–2020 ... 67

Table 26: Synchrophasors, US, Transmission Substation Volume, 2009–2020 ... 69

Table 27: Synchrophasors, US, ARRA Funding ($bn), as of September 3, 2013 ... 71

Table 28: Synchrophasors, US, Volume and Market Size ($m), 2010–2020 ... 72

Table 29: Synchrophasors, US, Average Price ($/unit), 2010–2020 ... 74

Table 30: Synchrophasors, Colombia, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2009–2020 ... 76

Table 31: Synchrophasors, Colombia, Transmission Substation Volume, 2009–2020 ... 78

Table 32: Synchrophasors, Colombia, Volume and Market Size ($m), 2010–2020 ... 80

Table 33: Synchrophasors, Colombia, Average Price ($/unit), 2010–2020 ... 82

Table 34: Synchrophasors, UK, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2009–2020 ... 84

Table 35: Synchrophasors, UK, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2009–2020 ... 86

Table 36: Synchrophasors, UK, Volume and Market Size ($m), 2010–2020 ... 89

Table 37: Synchrophasors, UK, Average Price ($/unit), 2010–2020 ... 91

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1.2 List of Figures

Figure 1: Synchrophasors, India, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2009–2020 ... 19

Figure 2: Synchrophasors, India, Transmission Substation Volume, 2009–2020 ... 21

Figure 3: Synchrophasors, India, Volume and Market Size ($m), 2010–2020 ... 24

Figure 4: Synchrophasors, India, Average Price ($/unit), 2010–2020 ... 26

Figure 5: Synchrophasors, China, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2009–2020 ... 28

Figure 6: Synchrophasors, China, Transmission Substation Volume, 2009–2020 ... 30

Figure 7: Synchrophasors, China, Volume and Market Size ($m), 2010–2020 ... 33

Figure 8: Synchrophasors, China, Average Price ($/unit), 2010–2020 ... 34

Figure 9: Synchrophasors, Australia, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2009–2020 ... 37

Figure 10: Synchrophasors, Australia, Transmission Substation Volume, 2009–2020 ... 39

Figure 11: Synchrophasors, Australia, Volume and Market Size ($m), 2010–2020 ... 41

Figure 12: Synchrophasors, Australia, Average Price ($/unit), 2010–2020 ... 42

Figure 13: Synchrophasors, New Zealand, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2009–2020 ... 45

Figure 14: Synchrophasors, New Zealand, Transmission Substation Volume, 2009–2020... 47

Figure 15: Synchrophasors, New Zealand, Volume and Market Size ($m), 2010–2020 ... 49

Figure 16: Synchrophasors, New Zealand, Average Price ($/unit), 2010–2020 ... 50

Figure 17: Synchrophasors, Mexico, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2009–2020... 53

Figure 18: Synchrophasors, Mexico, Volume and Market Size ($m), 2010–2020 ... 55

Figure 19: Synchrophasors, Mexico, Average Price ($/unit), 2010–2020 ... 56

Figure 20: Synchrophasors, Canada, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2009–2020 ... 58

Figure 21: Synchrophasors, Canada, Transmission Substation Volume, 2009–2020 ... 60

Figure 22: Synchrophasors, Canada, Volume and Market Size ($m), 2010–2020 ... 63

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Figure 24: Synchrophasors, US, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2009–2020 ... 67

Figure 25: Synchrophasors, US, Transmission Substation Volume, 2009–2020 ... 69

Figure 26: Synchrophasors, US, Volume and Market Size ($m), 2010–2020 ... 72

Figure 27: Synchrophasors, US, Average Price ($/unit), 2010–2020 ... 73

Figure 28: Synchrophasors, Colombia, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2009–2020 ... 76

Figure 29: Synchrophasors, Colombia, Transmission Substation Volume, 2009–2020 ... 78

Figure 30: Synchrophasors, Colombia, Volume and Market Size ($m), 2010–2020 ... 80

Figure 31: Synchrophasors, Colombia, Average Price ($/unit), 2010–2020 ... 81

Figure 32: Synchrophasors, UK, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2009–2020 ... 84

Figure 33: Synchrophasors, UK, Transmission Substation Volume, 2009–2020 ... 85

Figure 34: Synchrophasors, UK, Volume and Market Size ($m), 2010–2020 ... 89

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2 Introduction

2.1 Synchrophasor Overview

Synchrophasors, which are also called Phasor Measurement Units (PMU), have been in use for many years and are often built into electronic relays and digital functional recorders. They are primarily used to measure accurately time-stamped voltage and current at numerous sites in a power grid at a speed of XX times per second. The measurements are synchronized into an absolute time reference, which is provided by a Global Positioning System (GPS). This provides an easy way of analyzing values from different sites, and they are used as a wide area measurement and control tool to visualize an entire power system. When implemented in substation and generating stations, they can provide critical data that improve grid automation and operation. They are built as dedicated units or to provide extra functionality in devices such as protective relays and fault recorders.

Synchrophasor measurements provide the following benefits in terms of facilitating the efficient and reliable operation of the electric grid:

 Grid visualization  Operational monitoring  Power system control  Stability monitoring  State estimation  Fault analysis

The synchrophasor system contains the following components:

 Sensors

 GPS

 Concentrator

 Storage/retrieval devices

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 Protocol

 Network

 Processing equipment

Phasor Data Concentrators (PDC) are installed at each substation and at each control center as part of a hierarchical structure that sends data to the control center. At each PDC, the data that must be sent and the rate at which data are required to be sent is predetermined. The PDCs can communicate with each other and with central control via secure gateways.

2.2 Synchrophasors, Enabling Devices

Generally, synchrophasors are available in two configurations. Dedicated synchrophasors are units that perform only synchronized measurements and send the data to a PDC. In integrated units, the PMUs are integrated with protection relays and digital fault recorders. The function of synchronized measurement is part of this unit. Integrated units are the preferred installation method for synchrophasors, as dedicated units require dedicated space and infrastructure for implementation. Most system operators prefer integrated units as they can be easily replaced with existing protection relays and multi-function recorders.

Protective Relays

Relays are the most reliable instruments in the power grid and adding phasor measurement functionality to them is therefore considered an economical approach. By activating the phasor measurement capability in relays, the need for additional instruments and wiring is reduced. Additionally, relays can provide information such as breaker status and relay alarms along with synchrophasor data.

Disturbance/Fault Recorder

The disturbance/fault recording system records and archives time-stamped disturbance data such as sequence-of-events data, fault recording data and dynamic disturbance data. Synchrophasors are also embedded with such fault recording systems and provide both phasor measurement and fault-recording information.

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Multi-Function Recorder

Multi-function recorders act as dynamic monitoring systems and perform functions such as transient recording, phasor measurement, disturbance recording, sequence-of-events recording, power quality monitoring, and data logging.

2.3 GlobalData Report Guidance

 The Introduction provides an overview of synchrophasors and enabling devices.

 The Global Market section gives a detailed account of the important factors driving the global market for synchrophasors, and an overview of the challenges.

 The nine chapters that follow provide country-level analysis for each of the nine countries considered key within this market.

 Each country section (chapter) discusses the transmission infrastructure of the respective country, and provides details such as the smart grid market scenario and critical market parameters, such as average price and market volume.

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5 China, Synchrophasor Market, 2010–2020

China is one of the biggest markets for synchrophasors, which it is implementing as part of its transmission infrastructure upgrade. The power transmission market in China is expected to be driven primarily by the large geographical distances between power demand centers and energy-rich areas, non-unified power grid and insufficient grid capacity, the incorporation of renewable energy into the grid, and smart grid deployment.

5.1 China, Synchrophasor Market, Transmission Infrastructure

Electricity transmission is currently carried out primarily at the following voltage levels: XXkV, XXkV, XXkV, XXkV, XXkV, XXkV Direct Current (DC), and XXkV. Most are XXkV lines.

In 2009, the cumulative length of power transmission lines amounted to XX Ckm, which increased to XX Ckm in 2013. This total length consisted of XX Ckm at XXkV, XX Ckm at XXkV (DC), XX Ckm at XXkV, XX Ckm at XXkV, XX Ckm at XXkV, XX Ckm at XXkV and XX Ckm at XXkV.

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Figure 5: Synchrophasors, China, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2009–2020 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 T ra n s m is s io n li n e le n g th ( C k m ) 110kV 220kV 330kV 500kV 750kV 800kV (DC) 1,000kV

Source: GlobalData, Transmission and Distribution Database [Accessed on February 4, 2014]

Table 5: Synchrophasors, China, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2009–2020

Year 110kV 220kV 330kV 500kV 750kV 800kV (DC) 1,000kV Total 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

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13 Appendix

13.1 Definitions

13.1.1 Smart Grid

A smart grid is an efficient power grid that delivers reliable and low-cost electricity to consumers using digital technology. It incorporates advanced technologies such as automated metering infrastructure, sophisticated communication technologies and advanced storage systems. This makes it highly responsive to demand and supply fluctuations, with minimal power losses.

13.1.2 Smart Meters

Smart meters are electric meters that record electricity consumption every 15 minutes and communicate these data to utilities for billing purposes. The meters facilitate two-way communication between consumers and utilities.

13.1.3 Demand Response

Demand response is a dynamic demand mechanism that monitors and manages customer electricity consumption according to supply situations. The mechanism can be implemented in residential, commercial and industrial establishments.

13.1.4 Electric Vehicle

The EV category represents all vehicles that are propelled by electricity. It includes Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV). 13.1.5 Distributed Energy Generation Systems

Distributed energy generation systems include technologies such as PV systems, wind turbines, small-scale hydropower generating systems, and fuel cells, which generate power on a small scale on the consumer’s premises.

13.1.6 Microgrid

A microgrid is an integrated power delivery system that is composed of distributed energy resources, multiple interconnected loads and intermediate storage units.

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13.1.7 Smart Cities

A smart city is a collection of smart computing technologies applied to various critical infrastructure components and services such as city administration, education, healthcare, public safety, real estate, transportation and utilities in order to improve operational efficiency.

13.1.8 Wide Area Monitoring Systems

Wide area monitoring systems monitor the condition of the grid on a real-time basis with the assistance of PMUs.

13.1.9 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

A Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is an industrial computer that is used to control and monitor the flow of grid data. The system gathers data from monitoring and control devices that are attached to the power grid.

13.1.10 Synchrophasor

Synchrophasors are devices primarily used to measure accurately time-stamped voltage and current at a range of locations in a power grid at a rate of 30 times per second.

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13.2 Abbreviations

Table 38: Abbreviations

Abbreviation Full form

AC Alternating Current AER Australian Energy Regulator

ARRA American Recovery and Reinvestment Act BEV Battery Electric Vehicle

CAC Commercialization Advisor Committee CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate CEA Canadian Electricity Association

CERC Central Electricity Regulation Commission CHP Combined Heat and Power

CFE Comisión Federal de Electricidad [Federal Electricity Commission]

CIDET Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo Technologico del Sector Electrico Colombiano [Electrical Sector Research Centre]

Ckm Circuit kilometer

CRE Comisión Reguladora de Energía [Energy Regulatory Commission] DC Direct Current

DMS Demand Management Systems DoE Department of Energy EEI Edison Electric Institute EV Electric Vehicle GDP Gross Domestic Product

GW Gigawatt

HEV Hybrid Electric Vehicle HVDC High Voltage Direct Current IED Intelligent Electronic Device

km kilometer

kW kilowatt

mi mile

MW Megawatt

NASPI North American Synchrophasor Initiative NERC North America Electricity Regulatory Commission OFGEM Office of Gas and Electricity Markets

OMS Outage Management Systems PDC Phasor Data Concentrator PHEV Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle PMU Phasor Measurement Unit

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RLDC Regional Load Dispatch Center RoW Right of Way

SEMO Single Electricity Market Operator SGCC State Grid Corporation of China

SIN Sistema Interconectado Nacional [National Interconnected System] SPDC Substation Phasor Data Concentrator

T&D Transmission and Distribution TSO Transmission System Operator USTDA US Trade and Development Agency

UPME Unidad de Planeación Minero Energética [Mining and Energy Planning Unit]

W Watt

WAMS Wide-Area Monitoring Systems

Source: GlobalData

13.3 Bibliography

 Agrawal AK and Agarwal PK (2011). Challenges faced and Lessons learnt in implementation of first synchrophasors project in northern India. Northern Regional Load Dispatch Center.

Accessed from:

http://www.nrldc.org/docs/documents/Papers/Challenges_Final_As%20Submitted.pdf

 ARRA (2013). Track the Money. Recovery.gov. Available from:

http://www.recovery.gov/Pages/default.aspx [Accessed on January 14, 2014]

 Bai J, et al. (2010). ‘‘China power sector investment may rise 68 pct-report’’. Reuters, December 22, 2010. Available from http://uk.reuters.com/article/2010/12/22/china-power-investment-idUKTOE6BL00X20101222 [Accessed on April 30, 2014]

 Camargo (2013). Colombia’s Progressive Smart Grid Approach. Siemens AG. Available on: https://blogs.siemens.com/smartgridwatch/stories/1091/ [Accessed on July 17, 2014]

 Cooper Industries (2012). Enhancing Systems Stability Using Synchrophasors. Available from: http://www.cooperindustries.com/content/dam/public/powersystems/products/grid_automation/r esources/Enhancing_Systems_Stability_Using_Synchrophasors_PPT.pdf

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 EEI (2012). EEI Survey Shows Transmission and Distribution Investment. Edison Electric

Institute. Available from:

http://www.eei.org/newsroom/pressreleases/Releases/Pages/121220.aspx [Accessed on July 4, 2013]

 Eirgrid (2013). North-South 400 kV Interconnection Development. Eirgrid. Available from: http://www.eirgridprojects.com/projects/northsouth400kvinterconnectiondevelopment/overview/ [Accessed on April 21, 2014]

 National Grid (2012). National Grid and ScottishPower Transmission award £1bn contract for first ever subsea electricity link between Scotland and England. National Grid. Available from: http://www.nationalgrid.com/corporate/Media+Centre/Press+Releases/Global+Press+Releases /9Feb2012.htm [Accessed on April 21, 2014]

 POSCO (2013). Synchrophasors Initiative in India. Power System Operation Corporation

Limited. Available from:

http://posoco.in/attachments/article/201/Synchrophasors%20Initiatives%20in%20India%20Dec mber%202013%20-%20Web.pdf

 Reuters (2013). UK–Belgium power interconnector to start end 2018. Reuters, January 7, 2013. Available from: http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/01/07/britain-belgium-electricity-idUKL5E9C79E220130107 [Accessed on June 20, 2014]

 SE (2012). Smarter electricity networks could save £11bn, says report. Smart Energy – The

Informer. Available from:

http://smartestenergy.com/News-Hub/Article.aspx?ArticleID=1313&ArticleTitle=Smarter%20electricity%20networks%20could%2 0save%20%C2%A311bn,%20says%20report [Accessed on March 13, 2014]

 SEL (2010). Power Grid Corporation Chooses SEL for India’s First Synchrophasor System.

Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Inc. Accessed from:

http://www.intelligentutility.com/article/10/01/power-grid-corporation-chooses-sel-indias-first-synchrophasor-system?quicktabs_6=2 [Accessed on June 20,2014]

 Smart Grid, Smart City (2014). About smart grid, smart city. Ausgrid. Available from http://www.smartgridsmartcity.com.au/About-Smart-Grid-Smart-City.aspx [Accessed on July 13, 2014]

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 SmartGrid.Gov (2014). Recovery Act Smart Grid Programs. Smart Grid.Gov. Available from: http://www.smartgrid.gov/recovery_act/overview [Accessed on July 4, 2013].

13.4 Research Methodology

GlobalData’s dedicated research and analysis teams consist of experienced professionals with advanced statistical expertise and marketing, market research and consulting backgrounds in the energy industry.

GlobalData adheres to the codes of practice of the Market Research Society (www.mrs.org.uk) and Strategic and Competitive Intelligence Professionals (www.scip.org).

All of GlobalData’s databases are continuously updated and revised. The following methodology has been followed for the collection and analysis of data presented in this report.

13.4.1 Coverage

The global market section provides the technology overview, global market drivers and restraints. Nine countries, namely, Canada, China, India, the US, Mexico, Colombia, New Zealand, Australia and the UK are covered. Each country section discusses the transmission infrastructure of the respective country, details the smart grid market scenario and provides critical market parameters such as average price and market volume for synchrophasors.

13.4.2 Secondary Research

The research process begins with extensive secondary research using GlobalData's proprietary databases and external sources.

Investment estimates and market growth rates are determined by taking the following into consideration:

 Statistics and historic trends provided by government bodies, industry associations and equipment vendors

 Utility expansion plans

 Government and private sector investment  Government regulations and policies

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 GlobalData’s proprietary databases, such as the Capacity and Generation Database and the Equipment Markets Database

 Other insights obtained through secondary research and analysis of company websites, annual reports, investor presentations, industry and trade journals and association data

13.4.3 Primary Research

GlobalData conducts extensive primary interviews with industry participants and commentators in order to validate its data and analysis.

A typical research interview fulfills the following functions:

 Obtains the interviewee’s perspective on the market size, growth trends, competitive landscape and future outlook

 Validates secondary research findings

 Further develop the analysis team’s expertise and market understanding

13.5 Disclaimer

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher, GlobalData.

SYNCHROPHASORS IN SMART GRID IN KEY COUNTRIES, UPDATE 2014 MARKET VOLUME, AVERAGE PRICE AND MARKET SIZE FORECASTS TO 2020