Geothermal Energy in Hungary
dr. Peter Praczki
Vecsés, Hungary
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
“
Geothermal technology knows no borders."
Karl Gawell,
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
The geothermal energy industry
.
The geothermal energy (GE) originates from the Planet early formation
GE is the power extracted from heat stored in the Earth
GE was used for bathing in paleolithic and heating in Roman times
GE has been used since 100 years for establishing steam for electricity purposes
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Renewable Energies in European Union
Hungarian geothermal energy production 4,23 PJ (2010) is 0.37 % from the total Hungarian energy production (1126 PJ)
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Geothermal energy in Hungary 2010-2020
Geothermal energy 2010 9 % 4,23 PJ 2020 17 % 16,43 PJ Ground Heat Pumps 2010 0 % 0,25 PJ 2020 6% 5,99 PJ
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Geothermal energy in Hungary 2010-2020
Renewable energy development 2010 – 2020
(Hungarian National Renewable Energy Action Plan - 2010)
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Hungary’s geological opportunities
. Hungary is located in a large sedimentary basin, therefore its geothermal features are excellent. 450000 500000 550000 600000 650000 700000 750000 800000 850000 900000 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 Co
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Geothermal energy in Hungary
.
The average geothermal gradient is in a 5-7 Celsius degrees range (100 m 60 C and 2000 m 100 C)
Hungary is known to be reach in thermal waters (About 500 Mrd m3 total supply, from 50 Mrd m3 thermal water could be used).
There are around 1400 thermal water wells in Hungary. 788 are using 450 M m3 water per year (Balneology: 200 thermal wells)
Thermal power 654,6 MW
Geothermal energy available capacity 455.000 PJ
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Geothermal energy production segments
.
Greenhouses in Hungary ( 2 M m2)
Geothermal heat pumps
Geothermal heating by thermal wells
District heating Greenhouses Fisheries
Industrial process heating Balneology
Electricity production - geothermal power plant
Tectonic plates utilization Enhanced Geothermal Systems
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Geothermal heating and heat pumps
Geothermal heating (1000-2500 m)
and ground heat pumps (max 300 m)
power in the world top 15 countries
(Bertani / 2009)
Ground heat pumps
- GHP take advantage of moderate
temperatures in the ground
- High coefficient performance (CoP)
(a 1 kW capacity heat pumps
compressor could produce 3-6 kW
heating power)
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Geothermal heat pumps system
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Loop systems: closed, vertical, lake, open, hybrid, etc
Types of geothermal heat pump systems
1 2 3 5 4 7 6
Heat Pumps - How does it work?
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g39nM7GbSJA
RETS - Geothermic Heat Pump Systems
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Hospital – Netherland Sittard-Geleen
Office building – France - Pézenas
Kindergarten– Italy Varese
Cultural Center Vecsés
Cultural Center Vecsés
Cultural Center Vecsés
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
sta
Cultural Center Vecsés
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Drill bit
Cultural Center Vecsés
Cultural Center Vecsés
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Cultural Center Vecsés
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Cultural Center Vecsés
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012 Ground loops sticking out
Cultural Center Vecsés
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012 Pipe ends are capped off with air gage
Cultural Center Vecsés
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Cultural Center Vecsés
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012 Ground loops connected
Cultural Center Vecsés
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012 Connection with the heat pumps system
Cultural Center Vecsés
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012 Once all headers are connected the system is pressurized
CBA shopping center Vecsés
Thermal
Hotel Hegyessy Nyerges - Monor
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Geothermal heating
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Geothermal heating is a direct use of
a geothermal fluid below 100 Celsius degrees Many Hungarian cities - Csongrád,
Hódmezővásárhely, Makó, Mórahalom,
Nagyatád, Szeged, Szentes, Szigetvár, Vasvár - are using district heating
Hódmezôvásárhely
Geothermal cascade system - 8 production wells (water 60-70 % is pumped back)
.
Geothermal drilling
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Geothermal drilling rid
Geothermal drilling rings
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Larch inside pipe (1870)
.
Vilmos Zsigmondy (1821-1888)
970 m drilling in Városliget (1878) Stainless steel tube
Geothermal electricity
production
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Advantages
Geothermal power does not rely on
variable sources of energy (like
solar and wind), therefore its
capacity factor can be quite large
(up to 96 %)
Disadvantages
Thermal efficiency of geothermal
electric plants is low
(around 10-15 %)
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Geothermal Power Plant
Most geothermal power plants are built exclusively on the edges of tectonic plates High temperatures are available at the
surface
Naturally occurring water and rock porosity is sufficient to carry heat to the surface
Geothermal Power Plant Nesjavellir (Iceland)
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Geothermal Power Plant
The development of the binary cycle power plants enable the establishment of enhanced geothermal systems
4.8 MW (gross) binary cycle power plant located near Empire, Nevada.
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS)
Soultz-sous-Forets (France)
Deep
Geothermal Energy
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
EGS is a geothermal power technology that do not require
NATURAL convective hydrothermal resources Soultz- Sous-Forets (France)
EGS system for heat / power co-generation
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
The vast majority of geothermal energy within drilling reach is in dry and non- porous rock.
EGS technologies "enhance” geothermal resources in this hot dry rock through hydraulic (pumping) stimulation.
WHAT IS NEEDED?
Extended - sufficiently permeable – fracture network
Suitable heat exchange surfaces.
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
Soultz-Sous-Forets - Key data
Soultz-sous-Forets EGS geothermal Power plant (France)
The first European operating Enhanced Geothermal System
Electric power is 1.5 MW
Temperature of the thermal water is 160 oC
Three deep plus two shallow wells The deep wells are 5.000 m
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0FsSN7YWHc
EGS - How does it work?
RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13 , 2012
