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Job Satisfaction among Primary School Teachers; A Study with Special Reference to Parbhani City of Marathwada Region

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An UGC Autonomous Institution

(Approved by AICTE, permanently affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad) (NAAC Accredited Institution with ‘A’ Grade)

Vol. 8 No. 3 July-September 2019 (Special Issue)

ISSN (Online) : 2322-0449

ISSN (

PRINT

) : 2277-6753

Department of Master of Business Administration

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Abstract

The research is carried mainly to know the job satisfaction level of teachers in various private and government schools at Parbhani. For this purpose, some schools were selected to know the types of facilities provided to their employees. This study will be helpful in policy making to improve the working conditions in the schools at various levels. This research study will be beneficial for knowing the satisfaction level of employees what type of facilities they required at the work place and how to increase the motivation level of the employees for their job in private and government schools of Parbhani.

To carry out the research, primary as well as secondary data has been used. Primary data has been collected through self-structured questionnaire which was designed on a five-point Likert scale. For collecting and obtaining the secondary data, the researcher had referred different literature, books, various journals, magazines, publications and through internet related to job satisfaction of primary school teachers.

Keywords: Job satisfaction, Government and Private school Teachers, Motivation.

1.1 Introduction

Teaching is highly noble profession and teachers are always a boon to the society. Teacher plays a direct and crucial role in molding a pupil towards education. since a teacher is a role model for students. Job satisfaction of teachers become very vital in field of education. Thus, the researcher felt the need to investigate the job satisfaction among school teachers.

Teacher is backbone of nation and its progress depends on education system. The role of teacher is very significant in development of country. Teacher act as a mentor, coach, trainer and guide but his performance totally depends on working environment. Student learning ability and performance are key judgment factor of teacher's performance. Both government and private schools plays a vital role in the growth of nation. A high degree of job satisfaction has been found when the characteristics of both employee and employer meets.

Job satisfaction is how people feel about their job. It is one of the most important variable which influence an individual as well as whole organization.

* Research scholar, SRTM University, Nanded.

** Professor,Indira Institute of Management Sciences Vishnupuri, Nanded.

Job Satisfaction among Primary School Teachers; A Study with

Special Reference to Parbhani City of Marathwada Region

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The quality work has been done by active, dedicated and satisfied teachers. A dissatisfied teacher can never perform their duty properly. The strength of any educational system is largely depending on the quality and commitment of teachers. Teachers act as the heart of educational process it plays a significant role in the achievement of quality, effectiveness and realization of educational goals.

Every educational system should strive to attract qualified people to the profession and provide them with better incentives that will satisfy their needs. Job satisfaction is an essential element for the school performance to achieve the desired goal for any school particularly for the academic staff that has direct linkage with the production of the educated citizens. For institutions to be successful they must continuously ensure the satisfaction of their employees.

Teachers are the pillars of the society, they act as role model to the students and students help them to have holistic development and become the potential leader for the next generation and shoulder the responsibility of taking their nation a head.

Teachers who are satisfied with job are happy, dedicated, committed and bring their best qualities to schools so that students, parents and society may benefit from their service. Satisfied and motivated teachers are important for any educational system. The success or failure of any educational system depends mainly on satisfied teachers and on satisfied school managers and administrators.

1.2. Review of Literature

1. Dixit (1986) concluded that Hindi medium primary school teachers were more satisfied than secondary school teachers. While in English medium schools the level of job satisfaction among the primary and secondary school teachers was same. Female teachers were found to be more satisfied than the males. More qualified and highly experienced teachers were highly satisfied.

2. Vyas (2002) studied the job satisfaction of school teachers with reference to sex, marital status and educational qualifications. The objective was to assess the job satisfaction of male and female married and unmarried teachers with higher and minimum educational qualification. The findings indicated that sex was not related to job satisfaction and married teachers possessed more positive towards job satisfaction than the unmarried teachers. Also, educational qualifications were not found to be related to job satisfaction of teachers.

3. Gupta and Jain (2003) undertook a study with the objective of comparing the job satisfaction between teachers working in government and private schools and to identify the factors influencing teachers to take up nursery teaching as a career. It was found that most of the teachers do not think of nursery school teaching as their career from the early school stage and hence do not purposely plan and prepare for it. A variety of factors such as salary, security, physical conditions, promotion, recognition etc. were reported to influence job satisfaction.

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and the female teachers possessed higher degree of job satisfaction in average than that of male teachers in general.

5. Basu (2009) investigated the impact of gender and marital status on job satisfaction of the secondary school teachers. The results exhibited that gender and marital status had a significant bearing on the job satisfaction of the teachers. While female teachers scored higher job satisfaction as compared to the male teachers the mean scores of the unmarried teachers on job satisfaction was lower than those of the married teachers.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1 To study the level of job satisfaction of Government and Private primary school teachers in Parbhani.

1.4 Research Hypotheses

Hypothesis 1:

H0:There is no significance difference between job satisfaction of Government and Private school teachers.

H1:There is significance difference between job satisfaction of Government and Private primary school teachers.

1.5 Research Methodology

To carry out the research, primary as well as secondary data has been used. Primary data has been collected through self-structured questionnaire which was designed on a five-point Likert scale.

1.5.1 Primary Data: As a part of this study the researcher has prepared a set of questions in a simple manner to maximum possible extent. This questionnaire containing set of questions related with the subject of investigation. These questionnaires were given to the respondents to fill which they returned to the researcher.

1.5.2 Secondary Data : For collecting and obtaining the secondary data, the researcher had referred different literature, books, various journals, magazines, publications and through internet related to job satisfaction of primary school teachers.

1.5.3 Population: English, Marathi, and Urdu medium schools of Parbhani city were selected as below.

Table 1.1. Number of primary schools in Parbhani

Medium of school Number of schools, n (%)

Govt Pvt

Marathi 18 (25%) 15 (21%)

Urdu 7 (10%) 21 (30%)

English 0 (0%) 10 (14%)

Total 25 (35%) 46 (6 5%)

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Table 1.2. Number of primary teachers in Parbhani

Medium of school N umber of tea chers, n (%)

Govt Pvt

Marathi 231 (43%) 69 (13%)

Urdu 144 (26%) 68 (13%)

English 0 (0%) 28 (5%)

Total 37 5 ( 69% ) 165(31% )

Grand total 540 (100%)

1.5.4 Sample selection

1.5.4 Sample selection

The above study conducted at Parbhani city of Marathwada region to fulfill objectives of the study. Total number of primary school teachers were 540 which included 375 Government school teachers and 165 private school teachers. Further in this study it is decided to take up 20% of total teachers as sample. Sample size of the study was 108 teachers which included 54 Government school teachers and 54 private school teachers shown as bellow.

Table 1.3. Sample size

M edium of school N um ber of teachers, n (% )

Govt Private

Marathi 27 (25%) 18 (16.66%)

Urdu 27 (25%) 18 (16.66%)

English 0(0%) 18 (16.66%)

Total 54 (50%) 54 (50%)

Grand Total 108 (100%)

1.5.5 Method of data analysis

The primary data collected through the questionnaire from the respondents were processed with the help of MS. Excel. The information collected was further classified, analyzed and interpreted properly. The hypotheses were tested with the help of SPSS software and one sample Chi-Square test was applied. Graphic representation was used for presentation purpose.

1.6 Job Satisfaction Factors

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Table 1.4 Perception of all government and private primary school teachers regarding "Job Satisfaction"

Options Teachers, n (%) Total

Govt P vt

Agree 39(36%) 3 (3%) 42 (39%)

Strongly Agree 9 (8%) 4 (4%) 13 (12%)

Neutral 2 (2%) 4 (3%) 6 (5%)

Disagree 2 (2%) 11 (10%) 13 (12%)

Strongly Disagree 2 (2%) 32 (30%) 34 (32%)

Total 54 (50%) 54 (50%) 108 (100%)

Source: Survey

Graph

36 %

teachers regarding "Job Satisfaction"

30%

8% 4% 10%

3% 2% 3% 2% 2% Go vernment

Agree Strongly Neutral Disagree Strongly Private

Agree Disagree

The above Table 1.4 and Graph gives an information about the perception of government and private school teachers regarding "Job Satisfaction". 36% of government and 6% of private school teachers agree. 8% of government and 4% of private school teachers strongly agree. 2% of government and 3% of private school teachers neutral. 2% of government and 10% of private school teachers disagree. 2% of government and 30% of private school teachers strongly disagree.

1.7 Testing of Hypotheses

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Hypothesis 1

Ho: There is no significance difference between job satisfaction of government and Private school teachers.

H1: There is significance difference between job satisfaction of government and Private school teachers.

Table: 1.5 Result of Chi-Square test

Sr Null Hypothesis Test Sig. Decision

No

1 The categories of job satisfaction of Government school teachers occur with equal probabilities.

One-Sample .000 Reject the null Chi-Square hypothesis

test 2 The categories of job satisfaction

of private school teachers occur with equal probabilities.

One-Sample .000 Reject of null Chi-Square hypothesis

test

Asymptotic significances are displayed. The significance level is .05

The above result Table 1.5 of Chi-Square test shows that the significance level is 0.5. It is clear from above table that There is significance difference between job satisfaction of Government and private school teachers and null hypotheses get rejected.

1.8. Findings

1. The sample selected for this study shows that, 25% of government and 25% of private school teachers were male respondents and 25% government and 25% of private school teachers were female respondents.

2. It is found that, 9% of government and 34% of private school teachers were from age group of 20-30 years,32% of government and 14% of private school teachers were from age group 30-40 years and remaining 9% of government school teachers and 2% private school teachers having age above 40 years.

3. It is observed that, 28% of government school teachers and 39% private school teachers were diploma holders, 19% of government school and 11% of private school teachers were graduates, 3% of government school and no one of private school teacher were post graduates.

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less than 10 years of experience, 30% of government school and 5% of private school teachers having between 10-20 years of experience, 15% of government school and no one of private school teacher having more than 20 years of experience.

5. It is found that, 44% of government and 15% of private school teachers were married, 6% of government and 35% of private school teachers were unmarried.

6. It is found that, 100% of government and only 14% of private school teachers were satisfied with the salary structure of the school. 86% of private school teachers were dissatisfied.

7. It is observed that, 100% government and no one of private school teachers were satisfied with job security.

8. It is observed that, 100% of government and only 24% of private school teachers were happy with leave policy of the school. 76% of private school teachers were dissatisfied.

9. The study shows that, 88% of government and only 14% of private school teachers were satisfied with their job.

10. It is observed that, teachers were feel motivated by the following factors

• 40% of government and 74% of private school teachers by salary increments. • 34% of government and only 8% of private school teachers by Promotion. • 14% of government and 14% of private school teachers by Motivational talks. • 12% of government and only 4% of private school teachers by Recognition.

1.9. Suggestions

1. The study reveals that, 100% of government and no one of private school teachers were satisfied with job security of the school. An effective policy on job security, service rules, regular payments should be made to improve the satisfaction of private school teachers.

2. Authorities of both government and private schools should try to provide opportunity for career development to the teachers through arranging different faculty development program.

3. The study reveals that, 100% of government and only 14% of private school teachers were satisfied with salary structure of the school, 86% of private school teachers were dissatisfied. The Private school authorities should revise the salary structure. Salaries should be attractive and higher scale should be provided for qualified teachers.

4. The study reveals that, 100% of government school teachers and only 24% of private school teachers were satisfied with leave policy of the school. 76% of private school teachers were dissatisfied. Authorities of private schools should try to give fair leaves to teachers as government school teachers are getting.

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References

1. Alam (2013) "Wages and Employees Satisfaction" Management and Labour Studies. 23(3), pp. 421-427.

2. Achanta, S., & Reddy, V. D. (2014). Job Satisfaction Among Primary School Teachers in Krishna District. PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH, 3 (12), 95-96.

3. Mehta, D. S. (2012). "Job Satisfaction among Teachers". International Journal of Research in Commerce IT & Management, 2(4), 77-83.

4. Neog, B. B., & Barua, M. (2014). Factors Influencing Employee's Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Study among Employees of Automobile Service Workshops in Assam. The SIJ Transactions on Industrial, Financial & Business Management, 2 (7), 305- 316.

5. RAJ, T., & LALITA. (2013). Job Satisfaction among Teachers of Private and Government School: A Comparative Analysis. International Journal of Social Science & Interdisciplinary Research, 2 (9). 6. Bandhana, B. (2011) ? Job satisfaction and values among kendriya vidalaya teachers?. Journal of

Education and Practice, 2(11 & 12), 17-24.

7. Gupta, C.B. (2009). Human Resource Management. New Delhi: Sultan Chand & Sons. Pp30.6-30.7.

Web Resources

• www.acadmicjournals.org/ERR2

Figure

Table 1.3. Sample size
Table 1.4 Perception of all government and private primary school teachers regarding "Job Satisfaction"

References

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