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Intelligence Waste Management for Smart Cities

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Intelligence Waste Management for Smart

Cities

S. Menaga(1), C. Mahendhirakumar(2), S. Maheswaran(2), T. Manikandan(2), S. R. Manoj(2)

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Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions,

Tirupur, Tamilnadu, India

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UG Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions,

Tirupur, Tamilnadu, India

ABSTRACT: Waste management is a major challenging issue in populated countries. An IoT based methodology gives a best solution for massive data collections and LoRA has been used for long distance communication at very low power consumption. The various sensors in the waste bin collects the data levels and send the collected data to a gateway through LoRA module. The collected data’s are sent to the server over the IoT. By having these data, the loaded garbage bins are identified & the shortest path can be tracked. Then the information is transferred to the specified waste collector’s of that area to collect the waste from the filled bin.

KEYWORDS : Waste management, LoRa., IoT, Sensor Network, Cloud Analytics.

I. INTRODUCTION

OVERVIEW OF INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT)

Now a days, almost nothing can be achieved or fulfilled without the use of computers. The world is drenched in the internet and the trend internet of things (E2E) is also gaining a lot of attention. The “Internet of Things” (IoT) is a phrase that was first used in 1999 by Kevin Ashton while he was working at MIT’s Media Center. He meant it to represent the concept of computers and machines with sensors, which connect to the Internet to report status and accept control commands. The IoT, in reality, has been around for a long time, but it didn’t have a name. Machine-to-machine (M2M) communications has been in existence for many decades, often using dedicated networks that eventually converged over to the Internet. It enables the feature as everything to everything connectivity to enhance the vision of smart world.

IoT is a network of sensors where data is exchanged, using different connectivity protocols, with systems. This set up can be leveraged to create a new business application or to enhance an existing process. The exchange of the data can be bi-directional between sensors and systems.

IoT infrastructures present several common characteristics, such as:

 Dealing with heterogeneity

 Use of resource-constrained devices

 Applications that require spontaneous interaction

 Ultra-large-scale networks and large number of events

 Dynamic network behaviour requirements

 Context-aware and location-aware applications

 The need for distributed intelligence.

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GENARAL INFORMATION ABOUT PROJECT

One of the main concerns with our environment has been solid waste management which in addition to disturbing the balance of the environment also has adverse effects on the health of the society.Considering the need of modern technology the smart garbage bin can expensive but considering the amount of dustbin needed in India, expensive garbage bin would not be a prior experiment that is why we have decide to use based sensors to reduce its cost and also make it efficient in applications.

This project work is the implementation of smart garbage management system using IR/Ultrasonic/Weight sensor, microcontroller and LoRa Communication Module. This system assures the cleaning of dustbins soon when the garbage level reaches its maximum. If the dustbin is not cleaned in specific time, then the record is sent to the higher authority who can take appropriate action against the concerned contractor/collector. This system also helps to monitor the fake reports and hence can reduce the corruption in the overall management system. This reduces the total number of trips of garbage collection vehicle and hence reduces the overall expenditure associated with the garbage collection. It ultimately helps to keep cleanliness in the society. Therefore, the intelligent garbage management system makes the garbage collection more efficient. Such systems are vulnerable to plundering of components in the system in different ways which needs to be worked on.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

An efficient solid waste management system has become the need of reduced cost and effort. There are a few systems for waste management and smart garbage bins already proposed.

1.) “Using Genetic Algorithm for Advanced Municipal Waste Collection in Smart City” proposed

byRadekFujdiak, PavelMasek, PetrMlynek, & Jiri Misurec. In the year of 2016.

In this system, the genetic algorithm used for waste management is used.By using that the methodology it’s become complex and looking for better efficiency the power requirement is high. Implementation of this system need more cost.That system is adopted only for developed countries not for the developing countries. Moreover it is a complex algorithm and not applicable for long distance IoT Infrastructure.

2.) “IoT based Waste Collection System using Infrared Sensors” proposed byAbhimanyu Singh,

PankhuriAggarwal,& Rahul Arora. In the year of 2016.

The system proposed that the communication established by the GSM and WiFi, but both are consuming more power with the performance improvement. The implementation and maintenance cost of the system is high.

3.) “Cloud-based Smart Waste Management for Smart Cities”. Proposed by Mohammad Aazam, Marc

St-Hilaire, Chung-Horng Lung,&IoannisLambadaris. In the year of 2016.

This system was implemented in korea successfully. The system is proposed only for lid-based garbage bin. In highly populated countries like India, that methodology is impractical.

4.) “IoT based smart garbage and waste collection bin”. Proposed byS.S.Naghane, M.S.Killedar,

Dr.V.M.Rohokale.in the year of 2015. In this system the communication was established by the

WiFi, power consumption in this system is high. This system is not adoptable for smart cities.

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In this proposed system we used various type of sensors, and we use advanced technology called LoRa for low power consumption.

ATMEGA 328

High performance microchip 8 bit AVR Risc-Based microcontroller combines 32 kb flash memory by ececutingpowerfull instructions in a single clock cycle, the device achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHZ, balancing power consumption and processing speed.

IR Sensor

Usually, in the IR spectrum all the objects radiated some form of thermal radiations. These types of radiations are invisible to our eyes thatcan be detected by an infrared sensor

 LM358 1C 21R transmitter and receiver pair

 Resistor of the range of kilo ohms

 Valuable resistors

 LED (Light Emitting Diode)

In this system, the Tx section includes an IR sensor, which transmits continuous IR-rays to be received by an LoRa module.

Ultrasonic sensor

o The HC-SR04 ULtrosonic sensor uses sonar to determine distance to an object like bats do.

o It ranger from 2cm from 400cm or 1 to 30 feet.

o It need only +5v power supply, it need 15 mA working current

LoRamodule

The LoRa technology offers a 20 db link budget advantage compared to existing solutions, which Significantly extends the range of any application while delivering the lowest current consumption to maximize battery life.

Figure 2: DORJI1276DM LoRa Module

Low-power wide-area Network

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IV. IMPLEMENTATION

Four trash container were taken for executing the model. Each receptacle was fitted with the sensors, microcontroller and the correspondence module. Atmel's ATmega328p microcontroller was decided for the model. We utilized the MQ135 gas sensor for identifying the nearness of unsafe gasses, two IR sensors to distinguish the measure of rubbish in the receptacle, a PIR sensor to distinguish the nearness of the client close the receptacle, and a heap cell with HX711 enhancer to ascertain the weight of trash in the canister.

Once the gadget is fueled on, the microcontroller begins to peruse the sensor information, and send it to the cloud at normal interims. The passage gets these information and advances it to the cloud where the every one of the information are put away in the database and required information are shown on the gadgets continuously.

We have introduced another MQTT dealer on our cloud which speaks with the LoRa portal utilizing a MQTT connect. The information that is gotten by the dealer is put away in a MongoDB database. Fundamental security elements, for example, customer ID and ACLs (Access Control List) have been actualized utilizing the dealer. Another element of the MQTT dealer is the "Last Will and Testament" (LWT). In the event that the MQTT customer (the waste canister) neglects to ping the agent at general interims of time, it might mean the association between the customer and dealer is lost, and a LWT message will be produced. In light of this, a caution can be given to the individual specialist to check the issue.

The driver will sign into his record, and he will be educated of the waste accumulation focuses and furthermore given the best course to gather the trash. Bunches are produced in the cloud and the trash receptacles are mapped in view of their GPS arranges what's more, are at first named with a green marker. At whatever point the rubbish container is full, an alarm is sent to the cloud, what's more, on getting the caution, the container's marker is turned red. We utilized Google's guide network and heading API's to produce the courses from the truck's begin indicate its goal alongside the refuse canister get focuses. Once the refuse container is cleared, the marker is swung back to green. This procedure rehashes till every one of the markers of the filled refuse canisters are turned back to green. After this, the dump truck is given the course to the closest dump yard. Isolate trucks are doled out to gather just the wet-biodegradable waste every day and are sent to the bio-gas era plants situated at different parts of the city to dump the gathered waste. Different trucks gather the refuse from the canisters that are full and are sent to the landfill yard.

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V. CONCLUSION

In this paper, we have exploited IoT and sensor networks with the help of low power wide area network for enhancement of waste management system.

By the proposed system the power consumption were reduced, And the better solution for IoT applications and efforts along with the enhancement of a Smart city vision is achieved. More over the system is adoptable and reliable for developed country as well as for developing countries like India.

Our system uses the low traffic frequency for communication. This may be creates high traffic in future. So, there must be the complex and efficient security measures implemented to ensure the safe data communication. And monitoring the bio-gas need to be an considerable integration for waste management.This project can add an edge to the cities aiming to get smart and people-friendly.

SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK

For future, instead of person in the vehicle we can make use of a line follower robot which does not require a man power to move the vehicle. This path follower robot is able to follow line marked on contrasting background usually black line on a white surface or white line on a black surface. So using line follower robot technology vehicle moves to the particular trash bin area based on the information sent from the LoRa Gateway. So this makes the system more reliable.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to record our deepest gratitude to our parents who sent us here for our future Enhancement, and a special acknowledgement for supervisor and other faculties for their constant encouragement and support which motivated us to complete our project on time.

REFERENCES

1.) RadekFujdiak, PavelMasek, PetrMlynek, & Jiri Misurec“Using Genetic Algorithm for Advanced Municipal Waste Collection in Smart

City”@2016.

2.) Abhimanyu Singh, PankhuriAggarwal,& Rahul Arora. “IoT based Waste Collection System using Infrared Sensors”@2016

3.) Mohammad Aazam, Marc St-Hilaire, Chung-Horng Lung,&IoannisLambadaris“Cloud-based Smart Waste Management for Smart

Cities”.@2016

4.) S.S.Naghane, M.S.Killedar, “IoT based smart garbage and waste collection bin”.Dr.V.M.Rohokale.@2015

Figure

Figure 1: Overview of Proposed System
Figure 2: DORJI1276DM LoRa Module
Figure 3: Hardware Setup

References

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