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The contribution of symptoms and comorbidities to the economic impact of COPD: an analysis of the German COSYCONET cohort

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Figure

Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
Figure 1 lifetime prevalence (%) of comorbid conditions.Notes: aHeart disease: including cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac insufficiency, narrow coronary vessel, and angina pectoris
Table 4 Interactions between COPD stage, comorbidities, and dyspnea for annual direct or indirect costs
Figure 2 adjusted mean total direct or indirect costs (€) per year for subgroups.Note: Means were adjusted according to regression models shown in Table 4.Abbreviations: GOLD, Global initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council.
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