Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2014, 6(4):202-209
Research Article
ISSN : 0975-7384
CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5
202
The evaluation on comprehensive risks for enterprises knowledge
management by theory of matter-element model and extension set
MI Jun
Business Management School, Shan xi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, China
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT
Knowledge management is the energy to get competitive advantage for enterprises, the cornerstone to get sustainable development .But k nowledge management is one kind of actions with high risk s, if the enterprises want to reduce and avoid loss, they must identify all types of risk s in the process of k nowledge management effectively, supply prior-warning signals for enterprises development to guarantee their safety by using scientific ev aluating methods .The paper sets up multidimensional model of matter-element and extension set for evaluating comprehensive risk s on k nowledge management by theories of matter-element and extension set, offers extensive methods for evaluating comprehensive risk s on knowledge management .The method can consider all risk s in the process of knowledge management comprehensively, supply evidence for enterprises’ business decision .Both theories and positive analysis fruits prove that the model is practicable an d effective , it supplies a new road for evaluating k nowledge management risk s.
Keywor ds: matter-element model, extension set, knowledge management risk, evaluation
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INTRODUCTION
203
the risk factors in the ma jority, less subjective judgment involves risk factors, fe w fro m the p erspective of subjective and objective factors in combination with the synthetically consideration. The author believes that only the organic combination of both, and starting from the situation of both influence each other, can more accurate ly to the enterprise knowledge management risk identification and evaluation.
Euthenics is an e merging discip line founded by Chinese scholars Cai Wen in 1976 [8], it uses forma lized tools, fro m the viewpoints of both qualitative and quantitative research to solve the p roblem of the regularity of the comprehensive under the action of mult iple factors, it is for people to know and analyze the comple x and contradictory problems in the real world system provides a new methodology. This article in euthenics content and e xtension set theory, on the basis of enterprise knowledge manage ment risk co mp rehensive evaluation of mu ltid imensional e xtension matter-e le ment model and e xtension evaluation method, this method can forma lly describe the state of all kinds of risk factors in enterprise knowledge manage ment risk, not only can accurately evaluate the size of the enterprise knowledge management risk, and to be able to g ive enterprise knowledge manage ment risk more c learly the object ive risk and subjective risk qualitative and quan titative evaluation of the decision ma kers, and co mpared co mprehensively re flect the co mprehensive enterprise knowledge manage ment level of risk.
THE ENTERPRIS E KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT COMPREHENS IVE RIS K ASS ESS MENT OF MULTIMENS IONAL EXTENSION MATTER-ELEMENT MODEL
1. Matter-element and matter-element transformation theory
Matter-ele ment transformation is according to the characteristics of e xtensibility and e xtensibility of t ransformat ion, matter-ele ment transformation matter-e le ment theory is the basic method to solve the problem of contradiction. On the basis of matter-ele ment t ransformat ion is the matter-ele ment e xtension, the possibility of things change called the e xtensibility of things. Extensibility is the basic character of the matter-ele ment; it describes the internal structure and e xternal re lationships, to provide people with creative thin king and the way of. Matter -e le ment e xtensibility, therefore, become the basis to solve the problem of contradiction, so people can accord certain procedures to innovate, design the scheme to solve the problem [9].
Given the na me of the M things, its n characteristics of c 1, c2...,cn and the corresponding measure x1, x2,... , xn expressed in an orderly array as follows:
n c
n x
x c
x c M
R R R
R
n
2 2
1 1
2 1
(1)
R called describing things n matter-element, shorthand for
R = (M, C, X) (2)
Including:
n
c c c
C
2 1
，
n
x x x
X
2 1
(3)
And the name, character and value in things called the three elements of matter-element.
2. Extension set theory
204
function values of the measured ele ment and set, the relationship between the classic collection "belong to" and "does not belong to" set the qualitative description of extended to quantitative description [10-12].
2.1 The domain object matter-element matrix.
According to the type (1), (2), (3), the joint domain object matter-element matrix can be expressed as:
pn pn n p p p p p b a c b a c b a c M R , , 2 , 2 2 1 1 1 (4)In this type, Mpsaid things by things and can be converted into standard section of the domain objects;
pi pi
pi a b
x , said the domain object about the characteristics of the value of the range.
2.2 The classical matter-element matrix domain object.
Classic domain object matter-element matrix can be expressed as:
Bn Bn n B B B B B b a c b a c b a c M R , , 2 , 2 2 1 1 1 (5)In this type, MB as standard objects; xBi
aBi,bBi
for the value of the range of the characteristics of standard object of MB aboutci. There are clearlyxmxpi(i1,2,,n).3. Establish the factors associated with the risk of enterprise knowledge management
Enterprise knowledge manage ment risk can be div ided into two aspects of subjective factors and objective factors. Subjective risk re fers to the because of limited knowledge level managers and organizat ional barriers such as the subjective causes of risk; Objective risk refe rs to because of the uncertainty of the externa l environ ment, the comple xity and the difficulty of the pro ject itself, as we ll as their own object ive conditions the limit of object ive reasons such as risk [13]. Therefore, considering the enterprise knowledge management risk factors in the process of
Enterprise knowledge management risk measure
[image:3.596.74.545.392.685.2]S tr a te g ic p o si tio n in g r is k （ 1
x
） （ 1x
） M a n a g e m en t p ro ce ss r is k （ 2x
） （ 2x
） H u m a n r e so u rc e r is k （ 3x
） （ 3x
） T h e o rg a n iz a tio n al s tr u c tu re r is k （ 4x
） （ 4x
） K n o w le d g e a ss e ts r is k （ 5x
） （ 5x
） O rg a n iz a tio n al c u ltu re r is k （ 6x
） （ 6x
） In fo rm at io n te c h n o lo g y r is k （ 7x
） （ 7x
） C o n tr a c t r is k （ 8x
） K n o w le d g e s p ill o v e r r is k （ 9x
） （ 9x
）205
the establishment of the indexes, the risk of subjective and objective two aspects must be taken into account comprehensively. In this paper, co mbin ing the reality of our country ente rprise, comp liance to g lobal, measurability, the principle of co mple mentarily, sensitivity, will affect the enterprise knowledge management risk factors of strategic orientation risk, risk manage ment process, human resources, organizational structure risk, knowledge assets risk, organizat ion culture, informat ion technology risk, contract risk, knowledge spillover nine inde xes such as risk, particular case is shown in figure 1:
4. Model is established in this paper
For enterprise knowledge manage ment co mprehensive risk factor inde x n, is the (n = 9) in this paper, on the basis of this part of the inde x, c luster analysis, according to e xpert judg ment enterprise knowledge management into comprehensive risk quantitatively m level, described them as the follo wing co mprehensive qualitative and quantitative risk measure the matter-element model (called "classical field matter-element matrix") :
] , [
] , [
] , [
2 2 2
1 1 1
2 2
1 1
ohn ohn x
oh oh
oh oh oh
ohn x
oh oh oh
oh
b a
b a x
b a x N
V V x
V x N
R
n n
(6)
Among them, Roh said enterprise knowledge management in the first class h risk of matter-e le ment model;
oh
N said the first class h risk; Vohk[aohk,bohk] said the first k enterprise knowledge management risk factorsin the first class h risk scope; h1,2,,m;k1,2,,n。
Various risk factors of enterprise knowledge manage ment indicators allow scope, name ly each risk factor inde x is at level 1 to level the first m risk value range of the format ion of the matter-e le ment model (refe rred to as "joint domain matter-element matrix") as follows:
] , [
] , [
] , [
2 2 2
1 1 1
2 2
1 1
qn qn x
q q
q q q
qn x
q q q
q
b a
b a x
b a x N
V V x
V x N
R
n n
(7)
Among them, Rq said enterprise knowledge management co mprehensive risk assessment matter-ele ment model o f
section area; Nq said the all risk of enterprise knowledge management leve l; Vqk[aqk,bqk] said a mong Nq the
target value of the risk factorsxk in allowed range; VohkVqk,h1,2,,m;k1,2,,n。
5. The establishment of the evaluation of enterprises knowledge management risk matter -element matrix
The various risk factors in the process of enterprise knowledge manage ment inde x measured data can be used by the following matter element matrix, said:
n x v
v x
v x N
R
n
2 2
1 1
(8)
Where N is said to be risk eva luation of enterprises knowledge management; vksaid to be the first k risk evaluation of enterprises knowledge management factors xk index value （k1,2,,n）.
THE EXTENS ION EVALUATION METHOD OF ENTERPRIS E KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT RISK
206
1. Degree concept definition
Districts Vqk[aqk,bqk] for enterprise knowledge management between the first k risk factors inde x xk at level 1
to level the first h risk va lue of the allo wed range; The first k range Vohk[aohk,bohk] for knowledge manage ment risk factors inde x xk in the first class h risk scope; DistrictVohkVqk,h1,2,,m;k1,2,,n；Point vksaid to
be the first k risk evaluation of enterprises knowledge management risk factors inde x evaluation value of xk, so call them
( 1,2, , ; 1,2, , )2 2
,V v a b b a k nh m v
l k ohk k ohk ohk ohk ohk
(9)
( 1,2, , ; 1,2, , )2 2
,V v a b b a k nh m v
l k qk k qk qk qk qk
(10)
"degree" between point vk (value) and intervalVohk、Vqk .
By introducing the concept of closeness, we imp le mented in the form of a quantitative relat ionship between the position of the point and interval and heart accurate positioning, and can according to the diffe rent description of the "degree" points within the range of different position, ma ke us accurate to "also has different d egree of d ifference between" within the class description.
2. Risk correlation concept definition
] , [ qk qk
qk a b
V for enterprise knowledge manage ment between districts the first k risk factors index xkallo wed range of values; The first k range Vohk[aohk,bohk] for knowledge management risk factors inde x xk in the first class h risk scope; Point vk said to be the first k risk eva luation of enterprises knowledge management risk fa ctors inde x value of xk; l(vk,Vohk),l(vk,Vqk) respectively the "degree" between point vk (value ) and intervalVohk、
qk
V . Interval
qk ohk V
V ,and there is no public endpoint, so we ca ll ( 1,2, , ; 1,2, , ) )
, ( ) , (
) , ( )
( h mk n
V v l V v l
V v l v
G
ohk k qk k
ohk k k
h
(11) The first k for risk evaluation of enterprises knowledge management risk factors about xk first class h the correlation of risk.
By introducing the risk correlation functionGh(vk)（ ，）, property is making "P" things from qualitative description to quantitative description of a "has the nature of the P".
3. The determination of evaluation of enterprise knowledge management level of risk
By type (11) to calculate the correlation matrix of risk evaluation of enterprises knowledge management
m n k hv
G
G[ ( )] (12)
According to the type (12) available fo r evaluation of enterprise knowledge manage ment the first k risk factors xk
in the d0 level risk for:
) ( ) ( max
0
)
(
1k k
d m h
v G v G
k
h
v
G
(13)
If ( 1) 1
n
k k k z
z for enterprise knowledge management risk factors inde x we ight coefficientxk, and the first class h
for risk evaluation of enterprises knowledge management risk correlation is as follows:
) ( )
( 1
k h n
k k h R z G v
G
207
Type (14) fully consider the enterprise knowledge management various risk factors for the success or failure of the enterprise knowledge management influence degree is diffe rent, the actual situation of enterprise knowledge manage ment various risk factors of risk weighting corre lation comp rehensive risk evaluation of enterprise knowledge management system, strong scientific nature and operability.
Calculated by the type (14), available:
) ( )
(
max
10 R G R
G h m h h
(15)
By type (15) the comprehensive risk evaluation of enterprises knowledge management level for the first gradeh0.
THE EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
Using the above theory and method, and using the matter-e le ment and e xtension set theory to the practical enterprise knowledge manage ment risk evaluation. Th is article selects a case study of shanxi Zhongyuan pharmaceutica l co., LTD., the company production of pt made capsules at the joint of text in the drug has a high profile, select the company "Portuguese set capsule" products to implement knowledge management risk evaluation.
This artic le will risk of the enterprise knowledge manage ment according to the d iscretion of the degree of risk is divided into high, higher, mediu m, lower, low five grades, at the same time invited to the enterprise knowledge manage ment and medica l field fa miliar 10 e xperts to rate. If a e xperts think the inde x xk low risk, with the index score value of y1(y1
0,1); If think inde x xk lower risk, the index score value of y2(y2(1,2]); If think indicators xk in a mediu m risk, the inde x score value is y3(y3(2,3]) ; If th ink inde x xk at a higher risk, the inde x score value of y4(y4(3,4]) ; If think indicators xk are at increased risk for the index score value of]) 5 , 4 ( ( 5 5 y
y .
1. The enterprise knowledge management comprehensive risk assessment
1.1 Enterprise knowledge management classical field matter-element matrix and joint domain matter-element matrix According to the enterprise knowledge manage ment risk factors inde x xk（k1,2,,9） is in the scope of different risk levels, can get co mprehensive risk evaluation of enterprises knowledge management c lassical fie ld matter-element matrix of the:
] 1 , 0 [ ] 1 , 0 [ ] 1 , 0 [ 9 2 1 1 1 x x x N R o o ] 2 , 1 [ ] 2 , 1 [ ] 2 , 1 [ 9 2 1 2 2 x x x N R o o ] 3 , 2 [ ] 3 , 2 [ ] 3 , 2 [ 9 2 1 3 3 x x x N R o o ] 4 , 3 [ ] 4 , 3 [ ] 4 , 3 [ 9 2 1 4 4 x x x N R o o ] 5 , 4 [ ] 5 , 4 [ ] 5 , 4 [ 9 2 1 5 5 x x x N R o o
Considering the scope of enterprise knowledge manage ment risk factors indicators, it is concluded that the enterprise knowledge management risk assessment matter-element matrix of the section of the domain:
] 5 , 0 [ ] 5 , 0 [ ] 5 , 0 [ 9 2 1 x x x N R q q
1.2 To comprehensive risk evaluation of enterprises knowledge management classical field matter-element matrix Set the first t （t1,2,,10） e xpe rt knowledge manage ment of the enterprise risk inde xxk score value of yt, the risk index xk value for:
10 1 10 1 t t k y208
On the basis of the above methods, 10 experts score results summary as shown as follows:
18 . 2 26 . 1 94 . 0 15 . 1 46 . 2 92 . 0 01 . 2 53 . 1 81 . 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 x x x x x x x x x N R
1.3 To comprehensive risk evaluation of enterprises knowledge management evaluation: Calculate the risk correlation matrix
According to the type (12) for evaluation of enterprise knowledge management risk correlation matrix of the:
34 . 0 21 . 0 23 . 0 32 . 0 51 . 0 42 . 0 24 . 0 14 . 0 13 . 0 38 . 0 71 . 0 63 . 0 16 . 0 14 . 0 12 . 0 52 . 0 33 . 0 21 . 0 07 . 0 32 . 0 65 . 0 13 . 0 32 . 0 34 . 0 23 . 0 35 . 0 56 . 0 45 . 0 24 . 0 47 . 0 75 . 0 42 . 0 36 . 0 21 . 0 23 . 0 71 . 0 32 . 0 45 . 0 14 . 0 15 . 0 85 . 0 18 . 0 32 . 1 21 . 0 36 . 1 ) (k 9 5
h v
G
G Comprehensive risk correlation calculation
According to the expert investigation and AHP method, the enterprise knowledge manage ment risk factors can be determined the we ight coefficient o f inde x xk,Z（z1，z2，，z9）（ 0。132，0。142，0。083，0。114，0。083，0。125，0。126，0。084，0。111） By type (14), for evaluation of enterprise knowledge manage ment risks with the first class h points correlation of risks are as follows:
) ( ) ( 9 1 k h k k h R z G v
G
（h1,2,3,4,5） (17)
The enterprise knowledge manage ment inde x weight coeffic ient of each risk factor and the correlat ion matrix of the data bring type (17), computing available:
0354 0 ) (
1R 。
G ，G2(R)0。3254，G3(R)0。0254，G4(R)0。2354，G5(R)0。3354
By (15) available:
00254 ) ( ) ( 3 1max
0 R G R G R 。
G h
m h
h
Thus can judge Zhongyuan pharmaceutical industry company (Shanxi) for evaluation of enterprise knowledge manage ment level o f risk to low risk. Which coinc ide with the actual risk of enterprise knowledge manage ment, the enterprise pt capsule has always been in good market prospects, and products curative effect is remarkable.
CONCLUSION
209
② In knowledge manage ment risk evaluation method, matter -ele ment and e xtension set evaluation method of knowledge manage ment risk o f the subjective factors and objective factors into account, and t he qualitative proble m is transformed into quantitative proble m solved, it is advantageous to the enterprise comprehensive understanding the risk situation of knowledge manage ment, and take the corresponding measure to control. The method established the matter-ele ment model is simp le and effective and don't need a lot of state evaluation samples, the evaluation results intuitive, see knowledge management for the enterprise risk ea rly wa rning and decision -making provides a new way, have very strong practicability.
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