City of Toronto
Solid Waste Management Services
City of Toronto
Solid Waste Management Services
Solid Waste Management Services
Waste Management Programs
Solid Waste Management Services
Waste Management Programs
Delegation from the
Republic of Latvia
Delegation from the
Republic of Latvia
Republic of Latvia
March 3 2014
Republic of Latvia
March 3 2014
March 3, 2014
March 3, 2014
Vincent Sferrazza, Director, Policy, Planning & Support
Vincent Sferrazza, Director, Policy, Planning & Support
Solid Waste Management Services
Solid Waste Management Services
Solid Waste Management Services
Mission
Solid Waste Management Services
Mission
Mission
Mission
Mission Statement:
To be a leader in providing innovative waste management
services to residents, businesses and visitors within the City of
Toronto in an efficient, effective and courteous manner, creating
environmental sustainability promoting diversion and maintaining
environmental sustainability, promoting diversion and maintaining
a clean city.
Our Business
Our Business
Solid Waste Management Services is responsible for:
Managing approximately 1 million tonnes of waste annually
Collecting, transfer, processing and disposal of municipal waste
Managing waste diversion programs
Managing household hazardous waste programs
Providing transfer station loading services to private sector customers and the Regional Municipality of Peel
the Regional Municipality of Peel
Disposal services to York Region, City of Guelph, City of St. Thomas and other Municipalities in vicinity of Green Lanep y
Collecting litter from public right-of-ways; and
Perpetual Care of 160 closed landfill sites with Technical Services
Solid Waste Management Services
- Client Base
Solid Waste Management Services
- Client Base
Client Base
Client Base
• Approximately 460,000 single unit homes
• 422,000 multi-unit homes
• 14,000 small commercial/institutional
• 6,000 litter/recycle bins / 1,000 Special Events Per Year
• City Agencies, Boards, Commissions and Corporations
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p
• Private commercial and industrial waste accepted at Transfer
Stations and Landfill
Solid Waste Management Services
Assets Facilities and Equipment
Solid Waste Management Services
Assets Facilities and Equipment
Assets - Facilities and Equipment
Assets - Facilities and Equipment
Total Value of Managed Assets - $600 Million
• 7 Transfer Stations
6 with Household Hazardous Waste Depots
• Green Lane Landfill
• 1 Material Recovery Facility & 1 New
Facility on 2013)
• 1 Single Stream Organics (Green Bin) Processing Facility
• 1 Durable Goods Reuse/Recycle Centre
4 C ll ti
Y d
d 1 Litt
C ll ti
Y d
• 4 Collection Yards and 1 Litter Collection Yard
• 160 Former Landfills
• Over 600 Vehicles/Heavy Equipment
• Over 600 Vehicles/Heavy Equipment
Services and Programs
Services and Programs
Program Collection
Blue Bin Recycling Bi-weekly
Green Bin Weekly
Waste Bi-weekly
Waste Bi weekly
Leaf and Yard Waste Bi-weekly, (March - December) White Goods – Large Appliances Bi-weekly
Durable Goods (e.g., mattress, porcelain and plastics
Bi-weekly
Electronics Bi-weekly
H h ld H d W t D t d T i T i ( ll i ) Household Hazardous Waste Depot and Toxic Taxi (call-in) Community Environment Days 44 Drop-off Events – 1 Per Ward
Former Blue Box Program
Former Blue Box Program
Former Blue Box Program
Former Blue Box Program
Blue Boxes were full and not suitable for light, wind blown materials
Multiple Boxes
Present Day Typical Curbside Set Out
Bl
Bi & G
Bi
Blue Bin & Green Bin
Bag Tag, Garbage Bin &
Green Bin
Blue Bin Size Options
Blue Bin Size Options
Automated Collection
Automated Collection
Green Bin Containers
Green Bin Containers
Green Bin Containers
Green Bin Containers
Green Bin Containers
Green Bin Containers
Green Bin Containers
Green Bin Containers
Residents given a 45L cart
and a 7L kitchen container
11
Blue Bin
“Recycling Guides”
Blue Bin
“Recycling Guides”
Recycling Guides
Recycling Guides
Current Blue Bin
Current Blue Bin
Program Materials
List
Program Materials
List
“Rinse Clean &
Recycle”
Multi
Multi--Residential Bulk Collection
Residential Bulk Collection
Multi
Multi--Residential Bulk Collection
Residential Bulk Collection
Multi-Residential Wheeled Containers
Multi-Residential Wheeled Containers
Multi Residential Wheeled Containers
Multi Residential Wheeled Containers
Public Space Collection
Public Space Collection
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p
Yellow Bag Commercial Program
Yellow Bag Commercial Program
•
“Three-Stream” System
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Recyclables
Organics
R id l W t
Residual Waste
•
$3.19 per residual waste
b /f
di
i
bag/free diversion
•
2 x per week service
h
5
6 d
can purchase 5 or 6 day
collection
Physical Mechanical: Manual Sorting
Physical Mechanical: Manual Sorting
D ff
i M t
i l R
F
ilit
Cit
f T
t
D ff
i M t
i l R
F
ilit
Cit
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t
Dufferin Material Recovery Facility, City of Toronto
Dufferin Material Recovery Facility, City of Toronto
Physical Mechanical: Liquid Phase BTA
Physical Mechanical: Liquid Phase BTA
Hydropulper
Hydropulper
Hydropulper
Hydropulper
Yard and Garden Waste
Yard and Garden Waste
Household Hazardous Waste
(D
t T i T i E i
t D
)
Household Hazardous Waste
(D
t T i T i E i
t D
)
(Depots, Toxics Taxi, Environment Days)
(Depots, Toxics Taxi, Environment Days)
Materials included:
Toxic cleaning supplies and solvents
Motor oil
Paint, oil or latex
All types of batteries
Medication
Mercury thermometers
Pesticides
What
happens
to the HHW once it is collected?
What
happens
to the HHW once it is collected?
What
happens
to the HHW once it is collected?
What
happens
to the HHW once it is collected?
Material is sent for recycling or secure landfillFor example:
Batteries: metals are recovered for reuse
Fluorescent tubes: are crushed in contained environment and sent to a recycler that will recapture the mercury
Propane Tanks: Propane Tanks:
Our Household Hazardous Waste contractor uses left over gas in small propane tanks to heat its facilities
Pharmaceuticals: are sent to a secure landfill
Paint: recycled into ‘mixed colour’ blend for industrial uses
Current Situation
Current Situation
Projected Green Lane Landfill lifespan
—
2029 at current diversion
—
2029 at current diversion
—
2036 with Target 70
W t /Di
i
St ti ti
Waste/Diversion Statistics
—
Manage over 1 million tonnes of waste annually
—
Recycle/Compost 52% of all waste generated
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p
g
66% diversion single residential homes
Getting from 49% to 70% diversion
Getting from 49% to 70% diversion
Getting from 49% to 70% diversion
goal
...
Getting from 49% to 70% diversion
goal
...
Source Separation Initiative
1. Source Reduction Initiatives
2. Green Bin Organics in Apartments/Condos/ABCD’s 3. Enforcement Mandatory Diversion By-law
4. Behavioural Change/Volume-based Rate 5. New Materials for Recycling
6. Improved Recycling Capacity
7. Reuse/Disassembly of Durable Goods for Recycling 8. Townhouse Collection
Mixed Waste Processing
9. Biological/Physical Processing of Mixed Waste prior to Landfilling
Getting to 70%
Getting to 70%
Getting to 70%...
Getting to 70%...
1. Source Reduction Initiatives
Advertising/Promotion to change behaviour
In-store Packaging By-law June 2010
e.g., 5¢ charge per shopping bag
53% reduction in bag usage
53% reduction in bag usage
By-law rescinded in 2012
Prohibit distribution of bottled water at City
facilities
G tti t 70%
G tti t 70%
Getting to 70%...
Getting to 70%...
2
Green Bin Organics in Apartments/Condos
2.
Green Bin Organics in Apartments/Condos
Multi-family full Scale Rollout 2009-2014
3 000 Buildings
184 000 units on
3,000 Buildings – 184,000 units on
program to date
Achieved quality
Achieved quality
Average 50 kg/unit/yr
Multi-Residential Organics Collection
Multi-Residential Organics Collection
Multi Residential Organics Collection
Multi Residential Organics Collection
Free In-Unit Kitchen
Free In Unit Kitchen
Containers
Outdoor containers
(carts bulk bins)
(carts, bulk bins)
provided by property
owner
Agencies, Boards, Commissions and Corporations
Agencies, Boards, Commissions and Corporations
Currently 784 schools both public and private
receive collection services.
By the end of 2013 all schools had been invited
to participate in the Green Bin Program
To date 194 schools are on the program
Over 1,040 City Agencies, Boards, Commissions
and Corporations have been invited onto the Green
Bin Program
Bin Program
To date 40 Agencies, Boards, Commissions and
Corporations have joined the program
Getting to 70%
Getting to 70%
Getting to 70%...
Getting to 70%...
3. Enforce
Mandatory Diversion By-law
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y
Must fully participate in Recycling, Green Bin
d Y d W t Di
i
and Yard Waste Diversion
$105 fine for non-participating single family
$105 fine for non participating single family
homes
S
d Cit W t
i
t
lti
it
Suspend City Waste service to multi-unit
buildings
Getting to 70%...
Getting to 70%...
Getting to 70%...
Getting to 70%...
4. Behavioural Change
4. Behavioural Change
Financial mechanisms to drive diversion behaviour
Volume-based User Pay System
Volume based User Pay System
Reduce Waste Collection Frequency
Reduce Waste Collection Frequency
Green Bin Weekly
Waste every two weeks
Volume-based Rate System
Volume-based Rate System
Fair and Equitable
Provide Diversion Incentive
Immediate feedback
Provide Rate Stability and Predictability
Simplicity and Ease of Use
R
i
Mi i
l E f
t
Require Minimal Enforcement
Solid Waste Management 2014 Fees
Solid Waste Management 2014 Fees
Single Family
Bin Size
Small
Medium
Rate Net $230.72 $6.72 $280 09 $56 09Medium
Large
Extra Large
$280.09 $56.09 $380.39 $156.39 $441.21 $217.21 *household/year *household/yearRebate
$(224.00)
35Volume-based Rate System
Volume-based Rate System
Volume based Rate System
Volume based Rate System
Unlimited diversion services included in rate.
Unlimited diversion services included in rate.
No additional fees for collection of recyclables,
i
l t
i
t l h
h ld
organics, electronics, scrap metal, household
hazardous waste, yard waste and bulky items.
Overflow tags can be purchased for $3.19 each
at retail locations.
Solid Waste Management 2014 Fees
Solid Waste Management 2014 Fees
Multi-Residential Collection:
Base Rate
$197 04/unit/year
Base Rate
Rebate
Net
$197.04/unit/year
$(185.00)/unit/year
$12.04/unit/year
Excess Fee
Uncompacted (over
p
(
Compacted (over
1.917y
3/unit/year)
$13.67/y
3Compacted (over
0.9585y
3/unit/year) $27.35/y
3Getting to 70%...
Getting to 70%...
gg
5. New Materials for Recycling
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g
Added mixed rigid plastics September 2012
─
Includes clamshells, clear fruit &vegetable
,
g
containers, moulded bakery trays, etc.
W ki
t
dd
Working to add
─
other plastic films (frozen vegetables, milk)
ff
─
coffee cups
Getting to 70%
Getting to 70%
Getting to 70%...
Getting to 70%...
6. Multi-Family In-unit Recycling Containers
y
y
g
In-house Container
Soft Shell Blue Bag
Getting to 70%...
Getting to 70%...
7. Reuse/Disassembly of Durable Goods for
R
li
Recycling
collected separately for reuse and recycling
mattresses, carpets, couches, chairs disassembled and recycled
porcelain, wood recycledy
scrap metal
1 reuse centre currently in operation
1 reuse centre currently in operation
Electronics Recycling
Electronics Recycling
C
b id S
i
d
t
Curbside Serviced customers:
E-bag for small items distributed 1st 2
years of program (cell phones/mouse)
Now residents place small items in
Now residents place small items in clear bags
Bags and larger items placed to curb on garbage day
garbage day
Apartment customers: E-box
City provides free E-box for use in
City provides free E-box for use in
central area of building for residents to use
E-box for small items
E-box and larger items to be brought to building’s regular collection point for bulky items
Getting to 70%...
Getting to 70%...
gg
8. Curbside
Townhouse
Collection
Previously
30,000 townhomes serviced with “pile collection”
Very low diversion
Now
Extend curbside services for Blue Bin/Green Bin/Leaf and Yard
Purchased smaller trucks to navigate narrow streets and tight
turning radius
g
Getting to 70%...
Getting to 70%...
9
Mixed Waste Processing Prior to Landfill
9.
Mixed Waste Processing Prior to Landfill
Mechanical Treatment Biological Treatment Separation of Recyclable Material Production of Class ‘B’ Compost
Input
240,000 tonnes/yr residual waste
60,000 tonnes/yr biosolids
Outputs
p
Diversions
10,000 tonnes recyclables
115 000 tonnes Class ‘B’ Compost
115,000 tonnes Class B Compost
19,000 tonnes biogas/moisture loss
Residual Waste
Summary
Summary
Program Objectives:
Long Term Waste Management Strategy
200,000 new tonnes of diversion
Extending life of Green Lane Landfill to 2036
Extending life of Green Lane Landfill to 2036
Value added job creation in City of Toronto
Improvements in Employee Health & Safety
Improvements in Employee Health & Safety
Environmental benefits
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions by an additional 25%,
equal to taking over 100 000 cars off the road equal to taking over 100,000 cars off the road
Recycle enough materials to save 900 million kilowatt hours of energy annually enough to supply all the electrical needs for 170 000 homes
Why 70% Diversion was Not Achieved?
Why 70% Diversion was Not Achieved?
Issues with Program Implementation:
Multi-Residential Green Bin not fully rolled out due to lack of processing capacity (public and private)
capacity (public and private)
Durable goods
– Not in good enough condition for reuse by charitiesg g y
– Disassembly of padded furniture for recycling cost prohibitive
– Difficulties in securing markets for materials such as wood
Stable markets for some plastics (milk pouches, bread bags, etc.) did not materialize
Mixed waste processing (Mechanical Biological Treatment) not a viable
Mixed waste processing (Mechanical Biological Treatment) not a viable option yet:
– Wait for Province to update Ontario compost standards to permit use of Class B compost
N l k t f Cl B t t bli h d
– No real markets for Class B compost established
Why 70% Diversion was Not Achieved?
Why 70% Diversion was Not Achieved?
yy
Actual outcomes fell short of optimistic targets:
Successful implementation of programs such as Recycling Carts, volume-based rate structure and curbside townhouse collection did not achieve anticipated diversion results
Changes in packaging: Changes in packaging:
Light-weighting of packaging plastics replacing glass
Decline in newspaper due to paperless trend-internet
More units of packaging to divert a tonne of recyclables
More units of packaging to divert a tonne of recyclables
If packaging weights and volume of paper stayed the same diversion ratio would be higher
Moving Forward for Long Term Sustainable
Waste Management Strategy
Moving Forward for Long Term Sustainable
Waste Management Strategy
Waste Management Strategy
Waste Management Strategy
Long Term Waste Management Strategy:
Develop long-term (30-50 year) Sustainability Planp g ( y ) y
Consider:
– New and emerging source separation technologies
Mechanical Biological Treatment as well as all other waste treatment
– Mechanical Biological Treatment, as well as all other waste treatment technologies
– Recovery technologies such as Energy from Waste
– Alternative disposal options, such as other landfills
– Partnerships with other municipalities
Recommend waste management strategies that are environmentally sustainable and economically viable
sustainable and economically viable
Continue with source separation improvements
Focus on all waste generators not just residential
Focus on all waste generators not just residential
Moving Forward for Long Term Sustainable
Waste Management Strategy
Moving Forward for Long Term Sustainable
Waste Management Strategy
Waste Management Strategy
Waste Management Strategy
Next Steps toward a Sustainable Long Term Strategy:
Accelerate projects and programs that have already been contemplated
Accelerate projects and programs that have already been contemplated and ensure the staff resources are in place accordingly
Establish a Steering Committee of Key Stakeholders
Issue Request for Proposal to hire a consultant to assist the City with a Long Term Sustainable Waste Management Strategy
Regular updates to Public Works and Infrastructure Committee:
─ First update to Public Works and Infrastructure Committee will be on selection of consultant, cost, and timeline for study
Initiate Public Consultation and Stakeholder Engagement
Bring forward final report to City Council on the findings once study has
Moving Forward for Long Term Sustainable
Waste Management Strategy
Moving Forward for Long Term Sustainable
Waste Management Strategy
Waste Management Strategy
Waste Management Strategy
Guiding Principles:
─ Waste reduction reuse recycling and recovery beforeWaste reduction, reuse, recycling and recovery before disposal
─ Open and transparent review of options
─ Innovation and flexibility to adopt to emerging technologies,Innovation and flexibility to adopt to emerging technologies, policies and opportunities for collaboration
Meaningful and extensive public consultation and stakeholder g p involvement
Promotion and Public Education
Promotion and Public Education
2014 Operating Budget: $3.6 M
Media Campaign
Calendars
Multi-lingual
Website:
http://www.toronto.ca/garbage/index.htm
3R A b
d
V l t
P
Examples of Promotion and Education Tools
-Targeting Residents in Apartments and
C d
i i
Examples of Promotion and Education Tools
-Targeting Residents in Apartments and
C d
i i
Condominiums
Condominiums
Available Literature:
Toronto Recycling Guide (available in 23 languages)
Recycling calendar for apartments and condominiums
Recycling Bin stickers
Waste Diversion Handbook for Owners, Property Managers & Superintendents Property Managers & Superintendents
Green Bin information cards (available in 10 languages)
Green Bin stickers
Promotion
and
Public Education
Promotion
and
Public Education
Waste Wizard
Waste Wizard
3Rs Ambassador Volunteer Program
3Rs Ambassador Volunteer Program
Program Description and Focus
Residents volunteer in their own building to teach their neighbours about the 3Rs:
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Highlights
Ambassador trained by City to be waste ‘expert’
Provide appropriate resources and support
at no cost
Interactive lobby displays, goods exchange events or presentations
Program Statusg
205 Ambassadors since program began in November 2009
191 buildings (approximately 24,218 units)
Producer Responsibility
Producer Responsibility
Blue Bin Recycling:
—
Currently 50/50 Producer/Municipal shared funding
y
p
g
Producer:
—
Manufacturer/imported that create packaging or printed paper
—
Province considering full 100% industry funding
Producer responsibility beyond blue box recyclables:
El t
i
(100%)
—
Electronics (100%)
—