LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
2
3
5
Handbook Cover Photos:
1. Harmony Apartment – Hanoi 2. Hilton Hanoi Hotel – Hanoi 3. The Estella Height 1 – HCMC 4. Mipec Riverside Residence – Hanoi 5. Saigon Center Phase 2&3 – HCMC
Copyright Statement and information ca-veat
Ninth Edition 2016
© Langdon & Seah Vietnam Co., Ltd
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be produced, copied, stored or transmitted in any form without prior written permission from Langdon & Seah Vietnam Co., Ltd.
The information contained herein should be regarded as indicative and for general guidance only. Langdon & Seah Vietnam Co., Ltd makes no representation, expressed or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information herein and cannot accept any responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made.
Table of Content 4
Calendars 6
Introduction 7
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
10 18 26 28 36 44 50 52 53 54 58 62 63 64 67 72 77 82
1. CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
Construction Market 2016 Outlook Major Rates for Selected Asian Cities Construction Cost Specification
Construction Costs for Selected Asian Cities M&E Costs for Selected Asian Cities Utility Costs for Selected Asian Cities
2. GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA
Material Price Indices Import Duties Progress Payments Estimating Rules of Thumb
3. PROPERTY INVESTMENT
Building Control and Procedures Project Closed Out Procedures Typical Submission Flowchart Key Planning Parameter Building Areas Definitions Procurement Strategies Contractor Selection Strategies Property Overview
90 90 91 93 94 98 104 108 109 110 112 121 122 124 126 128 132 134 137 139 155 4. VIETNAM BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Language Accounting System Banks Government Administration Taxation Insurance Workforce 5. OTHER INFORMATION Vietnam Map Domestic Routes Relevant Websites Public Holidays Prime Rates
IDD Codes and Time Differences Conversion Factors
Some Interesting Facts Vietnam Key Data
Arcadis Asia Leadership Team Arcadis Asia Sectors
Arcadis Asia Services Directory of offices Acknowledgement
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
2016
2017
8 9 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 2627 28 6 7 10 11 12 13 14 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1213 14 15 16 17 18 1920 21 22 23 24 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1213 14 15 16 17 18 1920 21 22 23 24 25 1 2 3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1617 18 19 20 21 22 2324 25 26 1 27 1516 17 18 19 20 21 2223 24 25 26 27 28 2930 31 10 11 12 13 14 2627 1 29 30 28 29 2829 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1415 16 17 18 19 20 2122 23 24 25 26 27 1 2 3 4 5 30 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112 13 14 15 16 17 1819 20 21 22 23 24 2526 27 28 1 2 3 29 2 3 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1617 18 19 20 21 22 2324 25 1 4 5 6 7 8 26 27 28 29 30 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1314 15 16 17 18 19 2021 22 23 24 25 26 1 2 3 4 2728 29 30 3 4 1011 12 13 14 15 16 1718 19 20 21 22 23 2425 26 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 27 28 29 4 5 6 7 1213 14 15 16 17 18 1920 21 22 23 24 25 2627 1 2 3 8 9 10 11 28 29 1011 12 13 14 15 16 1718 19 20 21 22 23 3 4 2425 26 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 27 28 29 30 2 3 4 5 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 30 31 3 4 1011 12 13 14 15 16 1718 19 20 21 22 23 2425 26 2728 29 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 27 28 29 30 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1415 16 17 18 19 20 2122 23 24 25 26 27 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1314 15 16 17 18 19 2021 22 23 24 25 26 1 2 3 4 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15 16 1718 19 20 21 22 23 2425 26 27 1 2 28 2 3 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1617 18 19 20 21 22 2324 25 1 4 5 6 7 8 26 27 28 29 2829 31 30 31 29 30 2930 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1516 17 18 19 20 21 2223 24 25 26 27 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 31 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1213 14 15 16 17 18 1920 21 22 23 24 25 2627 28 29 1 2 3 4 30 3 4 1011 12 13 14 15 16 1718 19 20 21 22 23 2425 26 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 27 28 29 30 31 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1415 16 17 18 19 20 2122 23 24 25 26 27 1 2 3 4 5 2829 30 31 4 5 1112 13 14 15 16 17 1819 20 21 22 23 24 2526 27 1 2 3 6 7 8 9 10 28 29 30 3031 5 6 7 8 1314 15 16 17 18 19 2021 22 23 24 25 26 2728 1 2 3 4 9 10 11 12 29 30 4 5 1112 13 14 15 16 17 1819 20 21 22 23 24 2526 27 1 2 3 6 7 8 9 10 28 29 30 31future annually published handbooks, focuses on the
major cities in Asia.
The handbook is structured to serve as a general reference guide on construction cost indicators in Asia.
The information contained in this handbook has been compiled by Langdon & Seah Vietnam Co., Ltd. Any further information and/or if advice relating to particular
Langdon & Seah Vietnam Co., Ltd
INTRODUCTION
Construction Market 2016 Outlook
Major Rates for Selected Asian Cities
Construction Costs for Selected Asian Cities
M&E Costs for Selected Asian Cities
Utility Costs for Selected Asian Cities
CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
CONSTRUCTION MARKET 2016 OUTLOOK
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
2015 was very important year for our business and we witnessed both a change of brand name and an increase in synergies.
In 2016 and as ARCADIS we can now deliver global construction and engineering expertise to all areas within the built and natural environments.
We all know Vietnam has experienced a difficult time over the past few years but so also has the rest of the world. We at ARCADIS strongly believe that Vietnam is now positioned for better times ahead and we look forward to being involved in Vietnam ongoing development.
As in 2015 much of the press has focused more on politics rather than economic growth. The downturn in China, the raising of interest rates in the USA and potential the UK and geo political tensions all provide reasons to expect lower global growth in 2015 than in previous years.
Although Global GDP will be lower in 2016 we note that Vietnam GDP growth remains quite strong at circa 6% on 2015 and circa 6.6% in 2016 it will remain largely driven by exports and Foreign Direct Investment.
THE GLOBAL ECONOMY 2016
Global GDP in 2015 will grow around 2.0% and the fastest growing region will be Asia but few countries in the region will improve upon their 2014 & 2015 growth. Vietnam will likely be one the fastest growing Asian economy at 6.6% growth.
The US and UK are likely to remain the best perform-ing developed economies and Japan will continue its own economic and structural reforms. QE has now stopped in USA and UK where interest rate rises are
expected. Europe and Japan will continue their ongoing of QE and China.
All commodities will at best be flat in 2016 and this will continue to affect most Emerging Markets.
THE VIETNAM ECONOMY 2016
Vietnam will have one of the higher GDP growth rates in the region at circa 6.6% and growth will continue to be fuelled by exports and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Low commodity prices will affect Vietnam exports but we note that due to a greater increase of higher value exports than the commodity downturn will not significantly hamper expert grown. In fact Vietnam balance of payments may improve due to the commodity downturn.
The banking sectors non performing loans issues are being rectified and as consequence we do expect an improvement in money supply into the domestic economy.
THE VIETNAM CONSTRUCTION MARKET 2016 The market will continue to remain flat and due to limited access to credit. We do expect a greater FDI focus into property development including private investment into the residential market, industrial sector and continued Overseas Development Assistance (ODA) into the infrastructure sector.
Global commodity prices will at best be flat in 2016 but from a low base and accordingly construction costs will not increase significantly in 2016.
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
2,200 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Annual Foreign Investment (1998-2015)
1998 5.10 2.47 285 1999 2.57 0.98 327 2000 2.84 1.31 391 2001 3.14 1.71 555 2002 3.00 1.27 808 2003 3.19 1.14 791 2004 4.55 1.22 811 2015 22.76 14.50 2,013 2005 6.84 1.97 970 2006 12.00 4.67 987 2007 21.30 6.04 1,544 2008 71.73 11.50 1,557 2009 22.63 10.00 1,155 2010 18.60 11.00 969 201 1 12.70 10.05 919 2012 12.18 10.00 980 2013 20.82 10.55 1,175 2014 20.23 12.35 1588 Reg ist er ed C apital (bn US$) L egal C apital (bn US$) No . of P rojec ts
6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0
50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
FDI by countries as of Dec 2015
China 9.99 1,284 T aiwan 30.69 2,475 Malaysia 13.42 523 Japan 38.41 2,883 S. Korea 44.90 4,944 Singapore 34.72 1,526 B.V .Islands 19.21 620 Hong Kong 15.69 972 Thailand 7.36 415 United States 10.78 780 Reg ist er ed C apital No . of P rojec ts
(Source: Vietnam Investment Review)
FDI BY SECTORS AS OF DECEMBER 2015
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
1
2 3
Sector
Industry and construction Manufacturing Property Accommodation Construction Mining Electricity, gas and water production and distribution Information and Communication Wholesale & Retail; Repair
Water supply & Waste treatment
Agriculture & Forestry & Aquaculture Service Art & Entertainment Logistics Finance, Banking & Insurance
Health care & Social welfare Science & Technology Education and Training Administration & Support-ing services Homecare Others Total No. of projects 16,097 10,697 492 442 1,258 95 108 1,254 1,708 43 522 3,310 143 499 82 108 1,920 239 167 150 19,929 Registered Capital (mn US$) 260,944 160,600 50,473 11,952 10,834 4,388 12,662 4,209 4,469 1,356 3,637 14,457 3,622 3,786 1,334 1,761 2,098 709 406 2 3.09 742.17 279,039 Legal Capital (%) 94% 1% 5% 100% 1% 5% 94%
VIETNAM ANNUAL ODA
Billion US$
(Source: Ministry of Planning and Investment)
ODA Conclusion ODA Disbursement 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1998 2.44 1.24 1999 1.50 1.35 2000 1.77 1.65 2001 2.41 1.50 2002 1.81 1.53 2003 1.76 1.42 2004 5.57 1.65 2005 2.52 1.79 2006 2.82 1.79 2007 3.80 2.18 2008 3.46 2.14 2009 5.40 4.10 2010 3.40 3.54 201 1 6.80 3.65 2012 5.87 4.18 2013 6.6 5.13 2014 4.38 5.66 2015 3.5 5.00
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
3 4 5 6 7 8 % 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Construction, % o f G DP 5.35 5.80 5.89 6.05 6.25 6.36 6.62 6.96 6.49 6.70 7.03 6.41 6.08 5.35 -1 2Construction Value, US$bn Construction, % of GDP Construction, Real Growth, % y-o-y 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 201 1 2012 2013 2014 2015 1.63 1.94 2.07 2.39 2.82 3.36 4.03 4.95 5.83 6.19 7.26 7.86 8.59 9.14 9.80 10.39 5.35 5.80 5.89 6.05 6.25 6.36 6.62 6.96 6.49 6.70 7.03 6.41 6.08 5.35 5.33 5.44 7.51 12.78 10.57 10.59 9.03 10.80 1 1.05 12.10 0.02 1 1.36 10.06 (0.97) 2.09 5.83 7.07 10.82 1. 63 1. 94 2. 07 2. 39 2. 82 3. 36 4. 03 4. 95 5. 83 6. 19 7. 26 7. 86 8. 59 9. 14 9. 80 10. 39 -2 4 6 8 10 12
Construction V
alue, US$bn
MAJOR RATES FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
m 3 m 3 m 3 m 3 m 3 m 3 kg kg 2m 2m 2m DESCRIPTION Unit HO CHI MINH # VND KUALA L UMPUR RM BANGKOK # BAHT BRUNEI B$
1. Excavating basement not exceeding 2m deep 2. Excavating for footings not exceeding 1.5m deep 3. Remove excavated materials off site 4. Hardcore bed blinded with fine materials 5. Mass concrete grade 15 6. Reinforced concrete grade 30 7. Mild steel rod reinforcement 8. High tensile rod reinforcement 9. Sawn formwork to soffits of suspended slabs 10. Sawn formwork to columns and walls 11. 112.5mm thick brick walls 68,300 - 75,400 76,400 - 84,500 70,400 - 77,800 350,000 - 386,900 1,377,900 - 1,522,900 1,787,400 - 1,975,500 17,600 - 19,500 16,000 - 17,700 184,000 - 203,300 235,300 - 260,000 198,000 - 218,800 15 - 20 15 - 20 20 - 25 60 - 70 240 - 280 260 - 320 3.00 - 3.30 3.00 - 3.30 38 - 45 38 - 45 45 - 50 120 120 120 650 2,200 2,600 23 22 420 420 700 3.50 3.00 3.00 43.00 124.00 130.00 0.65 0.65 15.00 15.00 17.50
A
verage expected preliminaries
m
2
m
2
kg kg 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m %
12. "Kliplok Colorbond" 0.64mm profiled steel sheeting 13. Aluminium casement windows, single glazed 14. Structural steelwork - beams, stanchions and the like 15. Steelwork - angles, channels, flats and the like 16. 25mm Cement and sand (1:3) paving 17. 20mm Cement and sand (1:4) plaster to walls 18. Ceramic tiles bedded to floor screed (m/s) 19. 12mm fibrous plasterboard ceiling lining 20. Two coats of emulsion paint to plastered surfaces
494,200 - 546,200 2,660,000 - 2,940,000 26,000 - 28,700 28,500 - 31,500 57,400 - 63,500 82,000 - 90,600 239,500 - 264,700 283,500 - 313,300 77,700 - 85,800 8 - 12 55 - 60 350 - 500 6.00 - 8.00 6.00 - 8.00 15 - 22 15 - 22 50 - 70 35 - 45 3.50 - 4.50 6 - 12 1,200 7,000 55 55 200 220 1,200 800 120 12 - 18 58.00 160 - 210 3.50 3.20 9.00 8.00 33.00 28.00 5.00 5 - 8
MAJOR RATES FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
1.Excavating basement not exceeding 2m deep
2.
Excavating for footings not exceeding 1.5m deep
3.
Remove excavated materials
of
f site
5. Mass concrete grade
15
6.
Reinforced concrete grade
30
7. Mild steel rod
reinforcement
8.
High tensile rod
reinforcement 11 .1 12.5mm thick brick walls DESCRIPTION G NI JI E B G N O K G N O H A LI N A M SINGAPORE** PHP m 3 m 3 m 3 m 3 m 3 m 3 kg kg 2m 2m 2m Unit S$ HK$ RMB JAKART A # RP’000 35 45 38 370 1,050 1,200 10 10 190 170 170 220 250 145 784 2,750 3,500 42 43 900 850 N/A 20.00 20.00 15.00-20.00 50.00 190.00-200.00 130.00-135.00 1.20-1.30 1.20-1.30 42.00 42.00 35.00-40.00 225 205 280 950 1,200 1,400 9.50 9.50 420 420 420 26 31 37 170 433 517 4.00 4.00 85 73 72
A
verage expected preliminaries
m
2
m
2
kg kg 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m %
12. "Kliplok Colorbond" 0.64mm profiled steel sheeting 13. Aluminium casement windows, single glazed 14. Structural steelwork - beams, stanchions and the like 15. Steelwork - angles, channels, flats and the like 16. 25mm Cement and sand (1:3) paving 17. 20mm Cement and sand (1:4) plaster to walls 18. Ceramic tiles bedded to floor screed (m/s) 19. 12mm fibrous plasterboard ceiling lining 20. Two coats of emulsion paint to plastered surfaces 250 1,200 25 25 60 75 160 150 25 6 - 10 1,100 10,500 95 95 250 275 1,600 965 220 12 - 18 43.00 290.00 4.80-5.80 4.80-5.80 21.00 22.00 74.00 30.00 3.50-4.00 13 - 17 880 2,950 38 42 140 145 380 570 60 10 - 15 N/A 815 9.35 8.50 27 28 140 162 32 7 - 10
MAJOR RATES FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
DESCRIPTION Unit RMB RMB RMB RMB
1. Excavating basement not exceeding 2m deep 2. Excavating for footings not exceeding 1.5m deep 3. Remove excavated materials off site 4. Hardcore bed blinded with fine materials 5. Mass concrete grade 15 6. Reinforced concrete grade 30 7. Mild steel rod reinforcement 8. High tensile rod reinforcement 9. Sawn formwork to soffits of suspended slabs 10. Sawn formwork to columns and walls 11. 112.5mm thick brick walls
m 3 m 3 m 3 m 3 m 3 m 3 kg kg 2m 2m 2m CHONGQING / CHENGDU SHENYANG SHANGHAI SHENZHEN /GUANG-ZHOU 30 30 98 165 320 420 3.40 3.40 84 84 85 30 25 65 180 449 484 5.00 5.00 80 80 60 18 25 52 150 340 360 3.50 3.50 50 50 65 22 25 35 150 410 500 4.20 4.20 90 90 70
A
verage expected preliminaries
m
2
m
2
kg kg 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m %
12. "Kliplok Colorbond" 0.64mm profiled steel sheeting 13. Aluminium casement windows, single glazed 14. Structural steelwork - beams, stanchions and the like 15. Steelwork - angles, channels, flats and the like 16. 25mm Cement and sand (1:3) paving 17. 20mm Cement and sand (1:4) plaster to walls 18. Ceramic tiles bedded to floor screed (m/s) 19. 12mm fibrous plasterboard ceiling lining 20. Two coats of emulsion paint to plastered surfaces N/A 690 10.00 8.00 25 26 155 150 39 5 - 10 N/A 525 10.00 8.00 30 25 150 180 30 5 - 10 N/A 700 8.50 8.50 28 32 120 120 35 5 - 10 N/A 700 9.80 9.80 25 26 165 120 30 5 - 10
MAJOR RATES FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
DESCRIPTION U A C A ML U O E S ^^ INDIA @ MOP m 3 m 3 m 3 m 3 m 3 m 3 kg kg 2m 2m 2m Unit W R K s R DALIAN RMB
1. Excavating basement not exceeding 2m deep 2. Excavating for footings not exceeding 1.5m deep 3. Remove excavated materials off site 4. Hardcore bed blinded with fine materials 5. Mass concrete grade 15 6. Reinforced concrete grade 30 7. Mild steel rod reinforcement 8. High tensile rod reinforcement 9. Sawn formwork to soffits of suspended slabs 10. Sawn formwork to columns and walls 11. 112.5mm thick brick walls 28 33 30 170 420 500 4.20 4.20 92 92 70 120 140 90 1,100 1,400 1,300 8.00 8.00 280 280 500 175 195 NA 4,025 5,650 6,850 63 65 600 650 940 1,930 1,930 9,900 29,200 64,400 78,000 1,240 1,280 29,400 29,400 44,700
5 -10
A
verage expected preliminaries
m
2
m
2
kg kg 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m %
12. "Kliplok Colorbond" 0.64mm profiled steel sheeting 13. Aluminium casement windows, single glazed 14. Structural steelwork - beams, stanchions and the like 15. Steelwork - angles, channels, flats and the like 16. 25mm Cement and sand (1:3) paving 17. 20mm Cement and sand (1:4) plaster to walls 18. Ceramic tiles bedded to floor screed (m/s) 19. 12mm fibrous plasterboard ceiling lining 20. Two coats of emulsion paint to plastered surfaces N/A 700 9.80 9.80 37 40 140 140 32 N/A 4,000 38 43 120 150 500 650 200 6 - 12 1,425 5,250 103 103 400 340 1,450 1,100 210 8 - 12 39,300 321,000 1,660 1,660 3,160 9,300 64,400 26,500 7,870 6 - 11
The above cost are at 4th Quarter 2015 levels, exclusive of preliminaries and contingencies unless otherwise stated. @ All rates above are Supply & Fix based on projects in Bangalore and are nett of VAT and Service Tax. Mumbai costs are general
ly 8% higher
N OI T A CI FI C E P S E NI L T U O G NI D LI U B DOMESTIC OFFICE / COMMERCIAL HOTELS INDUSTRIAL
CONSTRUCTION COST SPECIFICATION
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
Apartments, high rise, average standard Apartments, high rise, high end Terraced houses, average standard Detached houses, high end Apartment units with fit-out, including air-conditioning, kitchen cabinets and home appliances, but
excluding
decorative light fittings and loose furniture
Apartment units with good quality fit-out, including air-conditioning, kitchen cabinets and home appliances, but
excluding
decorative light fittings and loose furniture
Houses with fit-out, including air-conditioning, kitchen cabinets and home appliances, but excluding
decorative light fittings, loose furniture, garden and parking
Houses with good quality fit-out, including air-conditioning, kitchen cabinets and home appliances, but
excluding
decorative light fittings, loose furniture, garden and parking
Medium/high rise offices, average standard High rise offices, prestige quality Out-of-town shopping centre, average standard Retail malls, high end RC structure, curtain wall, including public area fit-out, tenant area with raised floor/carpet, painted wall and false ceiling Including public area fit-out and M&E, but
excluding
shop fit-out
Industrial units, shell only (Conventional single storey framed units) Owner operated factories, low rise, light weight industry
RC structure with steel roof and M&E to main distribution, but
excluding
a/c, heating and lighting
RC structure, including small office with simple fit-out and M&E, but
excluding
a/c and heating
Budget hotels - 3-star, mid market Business hotels - 4/5-star Luxury hotels - 5-star 1) Interior decoration 2) Furniture (fixed and movable) 3) Special light fittings (chandeliers, etc.) 4) Operating Supplies and Equipment (OS&E)
OTHERS RC structure RC structure, natural ventilaion, no facade enclosure Including fit-out and a/c, but
excluding
educational equipment
Including fit-out, loose furniture and a/c Dry sports (no swimming pool) and are for 'leisure centre' type schemes including main sports hall, ancillary sports facilities, changing and showers, restaurant / cafe, bar, etc. Costs include a/c, Furniture, Fittings and Equipment (FF&E). Excluding medical and operating equipment
Underground/basement car parks (<3 levels) Multi storey car parks, above ground (<4 levels) Schools (primary and secondary) Students' residences Sports clubs, multi purpose sports/leisure centres (dry sports) General hospitals - public sector
Notes: 1. The costs for the respective categories given above are averages based on fixed price competitive tenders. It must be unders
tood that the actual cost of a
building will depend upon the design and many other factors and may vary from the figures shown.
2. The costs per square metre are based on
C
onstruction
F
loor
A
reas (CFA) measured to the outside face of the external walls / external perimeter including
lift shafts, stairwells, balconies, plant rooms, water tanks and the like.
3. All bulidings are assumed to have no basements (except otherwise stated) and are built on flat ground, with normal soil and
site condition.
The cost excludes site formation works, external works, land cost, professional fees, finance and legal expenses.
4. The standard for each category of building varies from region to region and do not necessary follow that of each other. 5. All costs are in US$/m2 CFA. Fluctuation in exchange rates may lead to changes in construction costs expressed in U.S. dolla
CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES
DESCRIPTION HO CHI MINH ## BANGKOK # BRUNEI JAKART A ### KUALA LUMPUR US$/m 2LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
605 - 755 765 - 885 405 - 475 465 - 565 305 - 460 735 - 880 210 - 305 715 - 880 575 - 665 835 - 1,130 515 - 615 635 - 825 965 - 1,350 1,675 - 1,960 1,855 - 2,175 1,053 - 1,165 1,348 - 1,544 1,573 - 1,685 590 - 730 772 - 983 576 - 744 772 - 800 604 - 730 899 - 1,067 421 - 505 730 - 885 813 - 1,116 1,004 - 1,307 526 - 829 800 - 1,103 636 - 722 879 - 998 342 - 442 922 - 1,112 627 - 698 926 - 1,045 542 - 599 599 - 646 1,093 - 1,292 1,492 - 1,663 1,596 - 1,805 813 - 1,116 1,149 - 1,453 789 - 1,092 1,040 - 1,343 1,537 - 1,840 2,167 - 2,471 2,225 - 2,528 710 - 825 815 - 1,110 N/A 655 - 860 1,305 - 1,590 N/A 1,690 - 1,960
INDUSTRIAL Industrial units, shell only (Conventional single storey framed units) Owner operated factories, low rise, light weight industry OTHERS Underground/basement car parks (<3 levels) Multi storey car parks, above ground (<4 levels) Schools (primary and secondary) Students' residences Sports clubs, multi purpose sports/leisure centres (dry sports) General hospitals - public sector Exchange Rate Used : US$1 = 305 - 380 360 - 475 605 - 725 385 - 425 505 - 555 505 - 655 755 - 805 N/A VND 22,410 RM 4.33 BAHT 35.61 B$ 1.37 IDR 13,750 305 - 385 415 - 465 449 - 562 N/A 375 - 678 511 - 814 287 - 310 310 - 343 345 - 475 200 - 255 210 - 235 265 - 295 560 - 610 835 - 1,040 505 - 660 168 - 270
N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A 416 - 720 610 - 913 713 - 1,016 1,640 - 1,943 1,843 - 2,146 442 - 541 287 - 310 N/A N/A 998 - 1,496 N/A
DESCRIPTION G N O K G N O H * A LI N A M ^ BEIJING $ SINGAPORE** US$/m 2
CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
DOMESTIC Apartments, high rise, average standard Apartments, high rise, high end Terraced houses, average standard Detached houses, high end OFFICE/COMMERCIAL Medium/high rise offices, average standard High rise offices, prestige quality Out-of-town shopping centre, average standard Retail malls, high end HOTELS Budget hotels - 3-star, mid market Business hotels - 4/5-star Luxury hotels - 5-star1,180 - 1,375 1,350 - 1,685 1,575 - 2,030 820 - 870 1,260 - 1,365 735 - 870 1,080 - 1,260 860 - 920 1,170 - 1,310 605 - 690 1,280 - 1,370 1,360 - 1,540 2,075 - 3,075 1,750 - 1,965 2,215 - 2,930 3,140 - 3,690 4,240 - 4,940 4,310 - 5,030 5,580 - 6,350 1,750 - 1,930 # 1,930 - 2,145 # 1,930 - 2,075 2,075 - 2,290 3,080 - 3,650 3,820 - 4,710 3,140 - 3,690 4,180 - 4,960 900 - 1,215 1,215 - 2,000 695 - 930 1,245 - 1,715 630 - 695 1,575 - 1,795 929 - 1,010 1,795 - 1,875 2,180 - 2,360 2,790 - 3,145 2,790 - 3,145 4,010 - 4,330 4,210 - 4,970 4,920 - 5,710 1,010 - 1,245 1,715 - 2,190 2,190 - 2,820
INDUSTRIAL Industrial units, shell only (Conventional single storey framed units) Owner operated factories, low rise, light weight industry OTHERS Underground/basement car parks (<3 levels) Multi storey car parks, above ground (<4 levels) Schools (primary and secondary) Students' residences Sports clubs, multi purpose sports/leisure centres (dry sports) General hospitals - public sector 450 - 460 560 - 650 510 - 560 460 - 606 690 - 765 690 - 765 1,180 - 1,425 1,350 - 1,475 PHP 47.00 SG 1.40 HK$ 7.8 RMB 6.35 740 - 945 N/A N/A 2,410 - 3,060 535 - 615 N/A 945 - 1,290 665 - 945^^ N/A 1,610 - 1,750 2,000 - 2,145 2,790 - 2,930 2,370 - 2,950 1,470 - 1,730 2,590 - 2,810 2,540 - 2,950 3,970 - 4,490 5,130 - 5,830 770 - 850 455 - 535 535 - 695 380 - 535 930 - 1,245 1,245 - 1,560
The above cost are at 4th Quarter 2015 levels, inclusive of preliminaries and contingencies unless otherwise stated.
Rates are exclusive of contingencies. Houses are built to shell and core standard ONLY, where all tenant or occupant areas are unfurnished. Schools (primary and secondary) are of public authority standard, no a/c and complete with basic external works. Includes raised floor and ceiling to tenanted areas but excludes office carpets (normally under tenant's fit-out) Rates are exclusive of contingencies & include 12% VAT Rates are nett of GST and exclusive of contingencies Open on all sides with parapet Rates are exclusive of contingencies Offices of average standard are built to the following provisions: (i) Curtain wall/window wall facade (ii) Tenant are with screeded floor, painted wall and ceiling Schools (primary and secondary) are of public authority standard, no a/c and complete with basic external works.
DOMESTIC Apartments, high rise, average standard Apartments, high rise, high end OFFICE/COMMERCIAL Retail malls, high end HOTELS DESCRIPTION SHANGHAI $ SHENY ANG $ CHONGQING CHENGDU $ SHENZHEN GUANGZHOU $ US$/m 2
CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
675 - 750 1,645 - 1,800 450 - 480 675 - 750 900 - 1,195 1,195 - 1,495 N/A 1,270 - 1,645 975 - 1,195 1,645 - 2,245 2,245 - 2,695 980 - 1,085 1,585 - 1,750 2,160 - 2,385 755 - 836 1,045 - 1,155 720 - 795 1,065 - 1,175 520 - 575 865 - 955 390 - 435 535 - 590 490 - 645 785 - 1,040 385 - 470 530 - 630 805 - 960 1,025 - 1,415 630 - 835 1,100 - 1,495 945 - 1,180 1,655 - 2,125 N/A 980 - 1,080 1,480 - 1,930 N/A 815 - 890 1,110 - 1,260 666 - 740 1,110 - 1,260 520 - 590 860 - 965 385 - 445 520 - 565
INDUSTRIAL Industrial units, shell only (Conventional single storey framed units) Owner operated factories, low rise, light weight industry OTHERS Underground/basement car parks (<3 levels) Multi storey car parks, above ground (<4 levels) Schools (primary and secondary) Students' residences Sports clubs, multi purpose sports/leisure centres (dry sports) General hospitals - public sector Exchange Rate Used : US$1 = The above cost are at 4th Quarter 2015 levels, inclusive of preliminaries and contingencies unless otherwise stated $ Rates are exclusive of contingencies. Houses are built to shell and core standard ONLY, where all tenant or occupant areas are unfurnished. Schools (primary and secondary) are of public authority standard, no a/c and complete with basic external works. 525 - 600 N/A 750 - 1,050 375 - 525 525 - 675 375 - 525 975 - 1,195 1,495 - 1,945 RMB 6.35 495 - 545 N/A 500 - 795 355 - 390 395 - 435 250 - 280 740 - 815 N/A RMB 6.35 440 - 585 N/A N/A 330 - 395
N/A N/A N/A N/A
RMB 6.35
N/A N/A
560 - 625 350 - 375
N/A N/A N/A N/A
CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
DOMESTIC Apartments, high rise, average standard Apartments, high rise, high end Terraced houses, average standard Detached houses, high end OFFICE/COMMERCIAL Medium/high rise offices, average standard High rise offices, prestige quality Out-of-town shopping centre, average standard Retail malls, high end HOTELS Budget hotels - 3-star, mid market Business hotels - 4/5-star Luxury hotels - 5-star560 - 650 1,070 - 1,170 415 - 475 560 - 625 845 - 905 1,155 - 1,215 740 - 830 1,140 - 1,290 1,010 - 1,095 1,700 - 1,930 N/A 3,295 - 3,720 4,475 - 5,340 5,340 - 6,315 2,505 - 3,235 3,235 - 3,535 2,355 - 3,535 3,710 - 4,475 2,170 - 2,655 3,035 - 4,635 3,710 - 4,425 4,510 - 5,875 725 - 805 1,130 -1,340 1,430 -1,585 385 - 420 480 - 510 375 - 410 525 - 570 510 - 585 775 - 930 350 - 375 460 - 485 1,646 - 2,069 2,306 - 3,979 2,562 - 4,093 1,197 - 1,364 1,391 - 1,690 1,127 - 1,743 1,320 - 2,183 1,347 - 1,629 1,620 - 1,981 N/A 2,210 - 3,363 DESCRIPTION INDIA @ SEOUL ## MACAU*** DALIAN $ US$/m 2
INDUSTRIAL Industrial units, shell only (Conventional single storey framed units) Owner operated factories, low rise, light weight industry OTHERS Underground/basement car parks (<3 levels) Multi storey car parks, above ground (<4 levels) Schools (primary and secondary) Students' residences Sports clubs, multi purpose sports/leisure centres (dry sports) General hospitals - public sector Exchange Rate Used : US$1 = N/A N/A N/A N/A 300 - 355 320 - 375 660 - 836 N/A N/A 365 - 380
N/A N/A N/A N/A 1,955 - 2,870 1,080 - 1,415 2,155 - 2,505 1,715 - 1,990 N/A N/A 250 - 270 195 - 215 245 - 270 270 - 300 535 - 560 585 - 640 RMB 6.35 MOP 7.98 INR 65 942 - 1,109 581 - 757 N/A 1,382 - 1,488 N/A N/A KRW 1,136
The above cost are at 4th Quarter 2015 levels, inclusive of preliminaries and contingencies unless otherwi
se stated.
M&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
MECHANICAL SERVICES Offices Industrial* Hotels Shopping Centres Apartment ELECTRICAL SERVICES Offices Industrial** Hotels Shopping Centres Apartment HYDRAULIC SERVICES Offices1,736,000 -2,474,000
N/A N/A N/A
1,387,000 - 1,900,000 2,037,000 -2,429,000 N/A N/A N/A
1,796,000 - 2,269,000 281,000 - 534,000 360 - 475 62 - 90 290 - 465 300 - 410 210 - 295 230 - 470 144 - 160 255 - 600 210 - 280 88 - 220 26 - 59 4,400 - 4,800 1,550 - 1,600 4,600 - 5,100 4,400 - 4,800 4,400 - 4,500 3,400 - 3,600 1,950 - 2,200 3,800 - 4,200 2,800 - 3,010 2,800 - 3,350 790 - 910 181 - 226 23 - 39 292 - 336 207 - 246 214 - 246 233 - 292 194 - 233 292 - 381 221 - 317 252 - 317 16 - 39 965 - 1,140 300 - 700 965 - 1,300 855 - 1,030 855 - 1,110 780 - 1,040 440 - 690 790 - 1,110 690 - 870 780 - 1,040 190 - 290 HO CHI MINH KUALA LUMPUR BANGKOK ## BRUNEI JAKART A $ VND/m 2 RM/m 2 BAHT/m 2 B$/m 2 RP’000/m 2 DESCRIPTION
Industrial Hotels Shopping Centres Apartment FIRE SERVICES Offices Industrial Hotels Shopping Centres Apartment LIFTS/ESCALATORS Offices Industrial Hotels Shopping Centres Apartment N/A N/A N/A
546,000 - 647,000 650,000 - 1,079,000 N/A N/A N/A
446,000 - 561,000 611,000 - 1,165,000 N/A N/A 1,243,000 - 1,760,000 694,000 - 1,004,000 37 - 46 180 - 250 26 - 35 20 - 50 60 - 80 45 - 65 65 - 95 65 - 85 20 - 25 780 - 850 730 - 750 780 - 890 780 - 820 720 - 850 88 - 400 55 - 190 85 - 370 85 - 110 63 - 105 1,050 - 1,180 N/A 1,100 - 1,200 250 - 450 500 - 580 750 - 790 1,400 - 1,650 790 - 950 1,200 - 1,400 32 - 39 12 - 19 26 - 49 32 - 66 26 - 52 9 - 32 4 - 19 12 - 45 12 - 36 11 - 26 11 - 19 61 - 84 12 - 41 38 - 60 250 - 390 110 - 200 270 - 390 270 - 310 270 - 310 430 - 1,170 N/A 430 - 1,090 320 - 870 420 - 870 110 - 200 790 - 1,110 190 - 290 770 - 1,110
The above cost are at 4th Quarter 2015 levels, exclusive of preliminaries and contingencies unless otherwise stated. * Generally without A/C Excludes special power supply** ## Based upon nett enclosed area and nett of VAT $ All rates are nett of VAT. Rates for Electrical Services are excluding genset. Rates for Hydraulic Services are excluding S
TP
M&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
MECHANICAL SERVICES Offices Industrial* Hotels Shopping Centres Apartment ELECTRICAL SERVICES Offices Industrial** Hotels Shopping Centres Apartment HYDRAULIC SERVICES Offices3,000 - 5,000 650 - 1,500 3,000 - 6,500 2,500 - 4,500 600 - 3,000 3,300 - 6,000 2,000 - 3,500 4,700 - 9,000 3,060 - 6,000 3,600 - 6,300 900 - 2,000 165 - 270 35 - 125 140 - 300 160 - 265 95 - 180 170 - 275 55 - 145 195 - 380 170 - 325 105 - 245 30 - 60 2,000 - 2,800 200 - 300 2,200 - 2,750 2,300 - 2,850 850 - 1,750 1,750 - 2,500 650 - 900 1,900 - 2,600 1,900 - 2,500 1,100 - 1,750 600 - 750 760 - 1,050 170 - 280 910 - 1,150 790 - 950 140 - 410 460 - 703 320 - 450 705 - 943 481 - 676 253 - 398 95 - 140 DESCRIPTION MANILA^ SINGAPORE ^^ HONG KON BEIJING PESOS/m 2 S$/m 2 HK$/m 2 RMB/m 2 G
Industrial Hotels Shopping Centres Apartment FIRE SERVICES Offices Industrial Hotels Shopping Centres Apartment LIFTS/ESCALATORS Offices Industrial Hotels Shopping Centres Apartment 700 - 1,300 1,950 - 4,000 700 - 1,600 1,400 - 2,700 700 - 1,200 600 - 900 700 - 1,200 700 - 1,300 650 - 1,300 1,600 - 2,900 N/A 1,800 - 3,000 595 - 2,000 800 - 2,100 20 - 40 100 - 190 50 - 90 80 - 155 35 - 60 25 - 55 35 - 60 40 - 60 25 - 55 70 - 180 45 - 115 70 - 120 60 - 100 45 - 125 450 - 600 1,800 - 2,500 600 - 750 1,250 - 2,000 550 - 700 400 - 500 600 - 850 550 - 700 150 - 250 180 - 265 150 - 225 220 - 375 220 - 375 70 - 135 700 - 1,200 550 - 750 550 - 850 850 - 1,000 450 - 850 294 - 577 145 - 400 232 - 520 327 - 520 175 - 289 95 - 140 370 - 480 140 - 200 170 - 230
M&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
DESCRIPTION SHANGHAI SHENZHEN GUANGZHOU MACAU CHONGQING CHENGDU RMB/m 2 RMB/m 2 MOP/m 2 RMB/m 2
MECHANICAL SERVICES Offices Industrial* Hotels Shopping Centres Apartment ELECTRICAL SERVICES Offices Industrial** Hotels Shopping Centres Apartment HYDRAULIC SERVICES Offices 761 - 966 173 - 289 971 - 1,265 1,050 - 1,103 310 - 410 765 - 1,040 150 - 268 1,071 - 1,339 707 - 954 122 - 380 593 - 651 305 - 431 651 - 830 520 - 651 252 - 368 530 - 765 306 - 445 680 - 916 483 - 653 278 - 445 110 - 163 122 - 166 N/A N/A 2,600 - 3,000 2,200 - 2,800 900 - 1,100 N/A N/A 2,600 - 3,100 2,600 - 2,800 1,000 - 1,300 N/A 680 - 980 130 - 220 720 - 1,150 580 - 980 90 - 280 420 - 650 250 - 350 500 - 750 400 - 650 220 - 330 60 - 120
Industrial Hotels Shopping Centres Apartment FIRE SERVICES Offices Industrial Hotels Shopping Centres Apartment LIFTS/ESCALATORS Offices Industrial Hotels Shopping Centres Apartment The above cost are at 4th Quarter 2015 levels, exclusive of preliminaries and contingencies unless otherwise stated. * Generally without A/C ** Excludes special power supply 89 - 131 368 - 488 137 - 184 168 - 226 220 - 300 150 - 250 280 - 380 250 - 380 50 - 100 280 - 550 135 - 390 220 - 495 325 - 495 165 - 325 86 - 112 391 - 493 112 - 150 145 - 257 224 - 348 139 - 267 278 - 413 247 - 370 64 - 122 294 - 481 150 - 434 241 - 465 326 - 460 122 - 268 N/A 1,800 - 2,200 600 - 800 1,500 - 2,000 N/A N/A 900 - 1,100 600 - 800 250 - 300 N/A N/A 600 - 800 450 - 700 450 - 600 60 - 120 280 - 350 60 - 120 100 - 180 160 - 230 130 - 230 180 - 300 200 - 300 45 - 90 330 - 580 140 - 340 280 - 480 280 - 430 130 - 230
M&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
DESCRIPTION SHENY ANG DALIAN SEOUL # INDIA @ RMB/m 2 RMB/m 2 KR W/m 2 INR/m 2
MECHANICAL SERVICES Offices Industrial* Hotels Shopping Centres Apartment ELECTRICAL SERVICES Offices Industrial** Hotels Shopping Centres Apartment HYDRAULIC SERVICES Offices
585 - 683 N/A 683 - 780 585 - 878 98 - 293 439 - 634 N/A 683 - 878 488 - 585 293 - 390 30 - 118 585 - 683 N/A 683 - 780 585 - 683 98 - 293 458 - 673 N/A 702 - 897 507 - 605 215 - 312 69 - 118 230,000 - 301,000 96,000 - 165,000 223,000 - 353,000 155,000 - 255,000 99,000 - 180,000 210,000 - 395,000 130,000 - 190,000 300,000 - 490,000 180,000 - 262,000 140,000 - 189,000 36,000 - 59,000 4,250 - 6,050 1,965 - 3,500 5,250 - 5,725 4,085 - 5,350 2,335 - 2,865 3,765 - 5,195 2,225 - 3,700 4,200 - 5,725 3,600 - 4,825 1,825 - 2,500 665 - 1,005
Industrial Hotels Shopping Centres Apartment FIRE SERVICES Offices Industrial Hotels Shopping Centres Apartment LIFTS/ESCALATORS Offices Industrial Hotels Shopping Centres Apartment N/A 197 - 296 118 - 167 99 - 197 146 - 224 N/A 127 - 224 49 - 146 49 - 127 300 - 550 N/A 300 - 500 140 - 230 120 - 250 N/A 197 - 296 118 - 167 99 - 148 146 - 224 N/A 146 - 224 146 - 195 59 - 146 300 - 550 250 - 350 150 - 250 120 - 200 23,000 - 33,000 74,000 - 115,000 30,000 - 60,000 51,000 - 78,000 32,000 - 65,000 25,000 - 38,000 38,000 - 85,000 26,000 - 70,000 35,000 - 68,000 42,000 - 67,000 16,000 - 26,000 100,000 - 175,000 48,000 - 84,000 29,000 - 41,000 450 - 795 3,445 - 5,195 980 - 1,775 1,550 - 2,150 1,050 - 1,375 505 - 665 1,225 - 1,565 1,010 - 1,165 555 - 670 875 - 1,115 565 - 730 1,275 - 1,850 1,485 - 1,910 795 - 1,010
UTILITY COST FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
HO CHI MINH + KUALA LUMPURBANGKOK
BANGALORE
BRUNEI BEIJING
GUANGZHOU
4th Quarter 2014 4th Quarter 2015 4th Quarter 2014 4th Quarter 2015 4th Quarter 2014 4th Quarter 2015 4th Quarter 2014 4th Quarter 2015 4th Quarter 2014 4th Quarter 2015 4th Quarter 2014 4th Quarter 2015 4th Quarter 2014 4th Quarter 2015 VND 21,282 VND 22,410 RM 3.46 RM 4.33 Baht : 32.75 Baht : 35.61 INR 62 INR 65 B$1.26 B$1.26 RMB 6.14 RMB 6.35 RMB 6.14 RMB 6.35 0.11++ 0.11++ 0.063 - 0.165 0.050 - 0.132 0.057 – 0.120** 0.052 – 0.111** 0.043-0.093 0.042-0.098 0.008 - 0.12 0.008 - 0.12 0.08 0.07 0.1 0.1 0.09-0.16 / 0.06-0.11 0.09-0.16 / 0.06-0.11 0.110 - 0.147 0.088 - 0.118 0.081 – 0.083 0.074 – 0.076 0.115-0.123 0.116-0.121 0.058 - 0.162 0.058 - 0.162 0.16 0.24(peak) 0.13(normal) 0.16/0.11 0.16/0.11 0.25-0.54 0.24-0.51 0.165 - 0.578 0.238 - 0.462 0.260 – 0.441 0.239 – 0.406 0.242-0.580 0.400-0.692 0.088 - 0.355 0.088 - 0.355 0.81~1.47 0.78~1.42 0.32 0.31 0.8/0.49 0.75/0.43 0.598 - 0.659 0.478 - 0.527 0.290 – 0.483 0.267 – 0.444 0.967 1.338 0.492 - 0.532 0.492 - 0.532 1.16 1.28 0.57 0.55 0.89+++ 0.61+++ 0.645 0.439 0.867 0.648 0.920 0.762 0.306 0.306 1.12 0.86 1.18 0.86 NA NA N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.411 0.411 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.95-0.98++++ 0.81-0.84++++
0.653 0.473 1.014* 0.719* 1.120 0.993 0.427 0.427 1.13 0.98 1.31 1.00
COUNTRY
Exchange Rate Used US$1= Domestic US$/kwh Commercial/ Industrial US$/kwh Domestic US$/m 3 Commercial/ Industrial US$/m 3 Diese US$/litre l Leaded US$/litre Unleaded US$/litre L E U F R E T A W Y TI CI R T C E L E
HONG KONG
MACAU
SHANGHAI CHONGQING JAKARTA MANILA NEW DELHI SEOUL SINGAPORE*
4th Quarter 2014 4th Quarter 2015 4th Quarter 2014 4th Quarter 2015 4th Quarter 2014 4th Quarter 2015 4th Quarter 2014 4th Quarter 2015 4th Quarter 2014 4th Quarter 2015 4th Quarter 2014 4th Quarter 2015 4th Quarter 2014 4th Quarter 2015 4th Quarter 2014 4th Quarter 2015 4th Quarter 2014 4th Quarter 2015 HK$7.80 HK$7.80 MOP 7.99 MOP 7.98 RMB 6.14 RMB 6.35 RMB 6.14 RMB 6.35 IDR 12,150 IDR 13,750 PHP 44.50 PHP 47.00 INR 62 INR 65
KRW 1,114.60 KRW 1,136.00 S$1.26 S$1.40 0.1 0.1
0.17 oo 0.17 oo 0.111(peak) 0.055(normal) 0.097(peak) 0.048(normal)
0.08 0.08 0.125 0.111 **0.22-0.27' **0.21-0.22' 0.064-0.130 0.062-0.130 0.129* 0.05 - 0.165*** 0.20^ 0.15^ 0.13 0.12 0.17 oo 0.17 oo 0.173(peak) 0.082(normal) 0.162(peak) 0.072(normal) 0.13/0.138
0.13 0.125 0.111 **0.21' **0.21' 0.139-0.160 0.139-0.160 0.154* 0.06 - 0.1*** 0.20^ 0.15^ 0.83 0.83 0.55 to 0.78 o 0.55 to 0.78 o 0.48 0.57 0.46 0.38 0.807 0.713 **0.48-0.69' **0.48-0.80' 0.175-1.288 0.288-1.037 0.59* 0.32 - 0.69**** 1.43^^ 1.29^^ 0.59 0.59 0.70 ooo 0.70 ooo 0.6 0.82 0.67 0.72 1.033 0.877 **1.47' **1.47' 1.202-5.366 1.318-5.886 1.52** 0.7- 1.11**** 1.65^^^ 1.49^^^ 1.57 1.37 1.44 1.21 1.10 0.84 1.08 0.85 0.617 0.487 0.808 0.568 0.847 0.720 1.35 1.08 1.21^^^^ 0.86^^^^ 2.10 1.85 1.94 1.44 1.12-1.19 0.91-0.97 1.09/1.15 * 0.91/ 0.97 * 0.700 0.538 1.041 0.905 1.021 0.939 1.55 1.28 1.76^^^^^ 1.62^^^^^
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
Note HO CHI MINH +All rates are VAT inclusive
++
Domestic electricity rates are applied to the 301 KW above wards
+++ D.O-
0.05%
++++
92&95 Unleaded petrol
KUALA LUMPUR
Unleaded petrol Ron 95
BANGKOK *
Unleaded = Gasohol 95
**
For normal tariff with consumption not exceeding 150 kWh per month
BRUNEI
Electricity (Domestic) : Tariff effective from 1st Jan 2012. 1-10kwh 10c, 11-60kwh 8c, 61-100kwh 12c, above 100kwh 15c
BEIJING
8QOHDGHGJDVROLQH
GUANGZHOU ͞
8QOHDGHGJDVROLQH
HONG KONG SS Electricity: (Dom): 0-400 kWh = US$0.10; 400-1,000kWh = US$0.12; 1,000 - 1,800kWh = US$0.14; 1,800 - 2,600kWh = US$0.18; 2,600 - 3,400 kWh = US$0.21; 3,400 - 4,200 kWh = US$0.22; Above 4,200 kWh = US$0.22 (Based on tariff scheme of CLP Holding Limited and is charged on bi-monthly consumption)
SS1
Water: (Dom): 0-12m3 = F.O.C; 12 - 43m3 = US$0.53; 43 - 62m3 = US$0.83/m3; Above 62m3 = US$1.16/m3
MACAU o Water: Consumption charge : US$0.55/m3 for 28m3 or below, US$0.62/m3 for 29m3 to 60m3, US$0.70/m3 for 61m3 to 79m3 and US$0.78/m3 for 80m3 or above; Other charges (Depending on meter size 15mm - 200mm) : Meter rental = US$0.34 - 58.00/month
oo
Electricity tariff are composition of demand charges, consumption charges, fuel clause adjustment and government tax
ooo
Charges for ordinary users (e.g. Business, government buildings, schools, associations, hospitals and others) only Special users (e.g. gaming industries, hotels, saunas, golf courses, construction, public infrastructures and other temporary
Note (Continued) SHANGHAI
Unleaded 93# = US$1.09/litre; Unleaded 97# = US$1.15/litre
CHONGQING *
Unleaded 93# = US$1.09/litre; Unleaded 97# = US$1.15/litre
MANILA **
Actual Biling: Include misc. charges such as Environmental Charge, Currency Exchange Rate adjustment (CERA), VAT, etc.
'
Electricity - (Dom) : 190 kWh - 860kWh; (Comm/Ind): 150,000kWh; Water - (Dom): 29m3 - 41m3; (Comm/Ind) 4,030m3
SEOUL *
Plus electricity basic rates; domestic: US$5.368/month + US$0.08/Kwh (300KWh below in use) and commercial: US$4.687/month + U
S$0.066/Kwh
(300KWh below in use)
**
Plus water basic rates; domestic: US$ 0.939/month (within 30m3 usage) and commercial: US$77.39/month (within 100m3 usage)
***
Plus electricity basic rates; domestic: US$1.41/month + US$0.05/kwh ~ 0.165/kwh (300kwh below in use) and commercial: US$6.31/month + US$0.06/kwh ~ 0.1/kwh (300kwh below in use)
****
Plus water basic rates; domestic: US$ 0.95/month (the usage of 15mm caliber) and commercial: US$78.35/month (the usage of
100mm caliber)
SINGAPORE *
All rates are nett of GST
^
Electricity tariff is based on low tension power supply
^^
Domestic water rate includes water conservation tax & water-borne fee and is an average for the 1st 40m3, exclude sanitary a
ppliance fee
^^^
Non-domestic water rate includes water conservation tax and water-borne fee, exclude sanitary appliance fee
^^^^
As at 5 November 2015
^^^^^
GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA
2
Material Price Indices
Import Duties
Progress Payments
Estimating Rules of Thumb
MATERIAL PRICE INDICES
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV 11,200,000 14,518,000 17,305,000 12,000,000 10,940,000 10,990,000 11,820,000 12,220,000 12,452,500 11,590,000 12,830,000 13,440,000 15,030,000 14,730,000 15,925,000 15,925,000 15,925,000 15,925,000 16,320,000 16,320,000 16,320,000 15,170,000 15,170,000 14,470,000 14,470,000 14,470,000 14,470,000 14,470,000 14,350,000 14,350,000 14,200,000 14,200,000 100.00 129.63 154.51 107.14 97.68 98.13 105.54 109.11 111.18 103.48 114.55 120.00 134.20 131.52 142.19 142.19 142.19 142.19 145.71 145.71 145.71 135.45 135.45 129.20 129.20 129.20 129.20 129.20 128.13 128.13 126.79 126.79 0.00% 29.63% 19.20% -30.66% -8.83% 0.46% 7.55% 3.38% 1.90% -6.93% 10.70% 4.75% 11.83% -2.00% 8.11% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.48% 0.00% 0.00% -7.05% 0.00% -4.61% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% -0.83% 0.00% -1.05% 0.00% 676,804 790,476 904,000 850,000 879,819 879,819 879,819 879,819 879,819 879,819 879,819 879,819 879,819 879,819 970,000 970,000 945,000 945,000 1,127,272 1,109,000 1,109,090 1,109,090 1,109,090 1,109,090 1,109,090 1,109,090 1,109,090 1,109,090 1,109,090 1,109,090 1,109,090 1,109,090 100.00 116.80 133.57 125.59 130.00 130.00 130.00 130.00 130.00 130.00 130.00 130.00 130.00 130.00 143.32 143.32 139.63 139.63 166.56 163.86 163.87 163.87 163.87 163.87 163.87 163.87 163.87 163.87 163.87 163.87 163.87 163.87 0.00% 16.80% 14.36% -5.97% 3.51% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 10.25% 0.00% -2.58% 0.00% 19.29% -1.62% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 976 973 1,275 1,273 1,255 1,255 1,255 1,255 1,255 1,218 1,209 1,209 1,241 1,263 1,459 1,459 1,459 1,546 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,504 1,550 1,550 1,550 100.00 99.69 130.64 130.43 128.59 128.59 128.59 128.59 128.59 124.80 123.87 123.87 127.15 129.41 149.49 149.49 149.49 158.40 163.93 163.93 163.93 163.93 163.93 163.93 163.93 163.93 163.93 163.93 154.10 158.81 158.81 158.81 0.00% -0.31% 31.04% -0.16% -1.41% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% -2.95% -0.74% 0.00% 2.65% 1.77% 15.52% 0.00% 0.00% 5.96% 3.49% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% -6.00% 3.06% 0.00% 0.00% Steelbar (D12-D15) Year VND/T VND/m 3 Quarter In dex (Bas e QI/ 2008 ) In dex (Bas e QI/ 2008 ) In dex (Bas e QI/ 2008 ) Concrete (Grade 250) VND/kg Cement (PCB40) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Inflation Inflation Inflation
(Source: Ho Chi Minh City Departments of Construction and Departments of Finance Year 2008-2015) 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 S teel bar (D 12-D 2 5) C o n c rete (Grade 250) Ce m e n t (P CB4 0 )
IMPORT DUTIES
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
Marble Granite Carpentry of Wood Porland cement
Ceramic building bricks, flooring blocks
Ceramic roofing tiles
Ceramic floor, hearth, wall tiles
Ceramic sanitary fixtures of porcelain
Multiple-walled insulating units of glass
Glass mirror (unframed) Concrete steel U,I or H section of steel (height under 80mm)
Alluminium doors, windows, frames and thresholds
Air conditioner (window or wall mounted) not exceeding 26,38 kW Passenger lifts Water pump
Electric genset
MFN/WTO : Most-Favored-Nation/World Trade Organisation
Normal Tax Rate = Favoured Tax Rate x 150%
ATIGA : ASEAN Trade In Goods Agreement/ ASEAN Free Trade Area
ACFTA : ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement
AKFTA : ASEAN-Korea Free Trade Agreement
AANZFTA : Australia-ASEAN-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement
AIFTA : ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement
VCFTA : Vietnam-Chile Free Trade Agreement
AJCEP : ASEAN-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership
VJEPA : Vietnam-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement
(1)
: Cambodia, Thailand (2)
: Thailand (3)
: Cambodia, Indonesia, Thailand (4)
: Myanmar (5)
: Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia (6)
: Cambodia, Lao, Malaysia, Thailand (7)
: Brunei, Cambodia, Philippines, Thailand (8)
: Malaysia, Thailand
(*) When the MFN duty rate of a goods item specified in the preferential import table of rates is lower than the particularly preferential tax rate specified in Vietnam's particularly preferential import table of rates applicable to each trade agreement romulgated under the Finance Minister's decision, the import duty rate applicable to this goods item is the MFN tax rate.
(*) Symbol in AKFTA column: Goods made in Khai Thanh Industrial Zone of North Korea (GIC Items).
(*) Imported goods are not received special preferential tariffs at the corresponding time. kg kg kg kg 1000 unit kg m2 kg m2 kg kg kg m2 unit unit unit unit 12 12 3 37 35 45 45 35 25 25 15 12 15 30 10 20 20 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 5 0 5 5 5 0 5 0 0 5 0 5 0 20 20 20 * 15 0 * 15 15 0 15 0 0 12 (1) (3) -(5) -(6) -(7) (8) -(1) 0 0 0 * 10 0 0 10 * * * * 5 * 5 * * (2) (2) -(4) (4) -(8) -10 10 5 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 * 7 10 5 10 10 10 10 3 * 22.5 30 30 30 * * * * 12 27 5 27 * 17 17 5 29 29 46 48 39 20 22 -37 13 29 8 21 21 14 14 5 -23 28 28 29 30 30 4 15 7 11 4 17 30 16 16 2 -25 31 31 32 30 30 0 10 8 9 4.5 19 30 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 DESCRIPTION
(ALL FIGURES) UNIT
MFN/WTO ATIGA ACFTA
Non-ACFTA
AKFTA
Non-AKFTA AANZFTA
AIFTA VCFTA AJCEP VJEPA VAT TARIFF
PROGRESS PAYMENTS
The following graph and table are an indication of the rate of expenditure for construction projects.
The rate of expenditure is an average rate and will circumstances are taken into account.
No account has been made for retention.
Progress Claims 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Project Period CONTRACT CUMMULATIVE PROGRESS CLAIMS CONTRACT PERIOD CUMMULATIVE PROGRESS CLAIMS
ESTIMATING RULES OF THUMB
Structural Design – Concrete Ratios
The following is a range of concrete ratios for building superstructure design in Viet Nam.
3/m2 to 0.5 m3/m2
2/m2 to 3.0 m2/m2
3 to 250 kg/m3
Average External Wall/Floor Ratio
2/m2 2/m2 2/m2
Average Internal Wall/Floor Ratio
2/m2 2/m2 2/m2
Air - Conditioning
2
The above ratios are indicative and for reference purposes only. They do not account for buildings with special shapes,
Indicative Dimensions for Sports Grounds
h t d i W h t g n e L Tennis Court 40 m 20 m Volleyball Court 30 m 20 m
The above dimensions are for a single court with appropriate clearance. No Spectator seating or support area has been allowed.
Densities of Common Materials
Concrete 2,400 kg/m3 Water 1,000 kg/m3
Cement 1,441 kg/m3 3
Sand 1,600 kg/m3 3
3 3
3 Soil (compact) 2,100 kg/m3
Concrete Strength (in accordance with TCVN 3118 - 1993) 6,000 41 49 40 5,800 33 5,000 34 41 35 5,000 29 4,000 28 34 30 4,400 25 3,000 21 25 25 3,600 21 15 2,200 13 Reinforcement
Bar Dia. Weight/m Perimeter Area
(mm) (kg/m) (mm) (mm2)
8 0.395 25.13 50.26
20 2.466 62.83 314.16
32 6.313 100.53 804.25
40 9.864 125.66 1,256.64
Composition of Concrete (per m3)
1:3:6 216 kg 0.45 m3 0.90 m3
1:2:4 308 kg 0.43 m3 0.86 m3
1:1:2 540 kg 0.38 m3 3
Average Loads Volume
Lorry (24 ton) 10.0 m3
Concrete truck (24 ton) 5.5 m3
3
Dimensions for Standard Parking Space, Loading / Unloading Bays and Lay - bys
Light Vans 5 m 2.5 m 2.4 m
Lorries 11 m 3.5 m 4.1 m
Container Vehicles 16 m 3.5 m 3.5 m
and the lower most projection from the ceiling including any lighting units, ventilation ducts, conduits or similar.
PROPERTY
Building Control and Procedures
Project Closed Out Procedures
Typical Submission Flowchart
Key Planning Parameter
Procurement Strategies
Contractor Selection Strategies
Property Overview
3
BUILDING CONTROL AND PROCEDURES
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
Project Classification
Projects are categorized based on the scale, nature and source of fund in accordance with Appendix 01 of the Decree 59/2015/NDCP dated 18 June 2015. Special projects under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister’s Office encompass the most national important project and or top security project. Projects classified as Group A under the jurisdiction of the Ministers of Ministries encompass infrastructure and ports (sea-ports and airports), oil and gas, cultural and sensitive projects to national defense and all projects over VND 2,300 billion, or equivalent to approx. USD 100 million. Group B projects encompass all other projects and fall under the jurisdiction of Provincial People’s Committees and require registration only for investment licenses and applies to projects with a manufacturing and export earnings component. A full assessment for investment licenses is required for all other projects.
Project Investment Appraisal
Developers must carry out the project investment report (feasibility study report) and the basic design for project investment appraisal including the Planning Certificate applied to the People’s Committee of the relevant province. The information of basic design to be included encompasses address and description of land plot, function of land plot, red-line boundary and exit and connection with the existing transportation and infrastructure including power, water, storm water drainage , waste water treatment, overall dimension and existing level, construction boundary, construction density, plot ratio, schedule of land use area and schedule of floor area, maximum floor height and building height, parking lot ratios, principle of architectural, structure and infrastructure design, environmental impact plan, fire protection plan, design standards and building codes. The project investment appraisal is in accordance with the Circulation 03/2009/TT-BXD dated 26 March 2009.
Technical Design and Detailed Design
Developers using foreign design consultancies must ensure their projects undergo a Design Evaluation Assessment to the Ministry of Construction or the Chairman of the Peoples Committee of relevant province who will delegate to the Ministry of Construction or provincial Construction Department. The Technical Design and Detailed Design must be in line with the previous approved basic design including the compliance of design standards and building codes, the integrity of project, the well protection of environment and the safety in the event of fire circumstances. The appraisal and approval of technical and detailed design are in accordance with the Decree 15/2013/NDCP dated 6 February 2013 and Circulation 13/2013/TT-BXD dated 15 August 2013.
Construction Permit
Under the Law on Construction investors must first obtain a construction permit issued by the Provincial People’s Committee Construction Department prior to construction can commence.
The investor of residential development projects shall submit an application dossier of all the mentioned inclusion plus the certificate of EIA (Environment Impact Assessment) and Fire Protection, which are issued by the Provincial Department of National Resources and Environment and Provincial Fire Police Department respectively. An application dossier shall contain design implementation drawings and land-use right certificates and land rental contracts. The basic inclusions are mandatory and they are location and description of works, storey height and height above sea-level, site boundary demarcation, overall site plan, major cross sections, main elevations, structural framing plans and foundation designs, environmental and safety technical
BUILDING CONTROL AND PROCEDURES (cont’d)
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
details, principle of materials, schematic line diagrams of infrastructure connection of power, telecommunication, water supply, storm and waste water drainage system, and quantities for key components. Construction Permit applications will be checked against various compliances in respect of boundaries and interference with neighboring properties and approved planning (site coverage, plot ratio and car-parking). The issuing body should provide timely notice to the investor of any non-compliance for their remedy and resubmission to allow the implementation stage to commence. The content of application, procedures of construction permit are in accordance with the Decree 64/2012/ NDCP dated 4 September 2012 and Circulation 10/2012/TT-BXD dated 20 December 2012.
Site Clearance
A plan for site clearance and/or resettlement shall be submitted at the same time as the application for the investment license and resettlement carried out prior to site clearance taking place for construction. The time limit for site clearance should comply with the project implementation schedule. Resettlement is based on the principle of providing similar or better conditions and governmental regulations on principles, methods and a price framework shall be adopted by the People’s Committee for determination of compensation levels. This is a matter for great uncertainty and foreign investors are advised to seek vacant possession prior to transfer of land use right to the joint venture.
Supervision of Construction
Independent Supervision of construction works by a competent and registered firm is a mandatory requirement. The supervisory role encompasses quality control and compliance checking, schedule control, quantification control, safety and environmental
hygiene control during construction. The safety and environment control are conducted regularly and continuously during the implementation phase. The Supervisor is also responsible for arranging independent inspections witnessing of testing and commissioning data and assistance in compilation of the dossier for putting the building into operation and receipt of the Occupation Permit.
Commencement of Construction
Construction of works may only commence after satisfying the following conditions: the site area being ready to be handed over, either in whole or in section and free of encumbrances; a construction permit; approved design drawings for execution of building; a construction contract; sufficient capital funds to ensure the building schedule in accordance with the approved building schedule in the investment license; measures to ensure safety and minimum environmental impact during the construction process. Construction All Risks and Third Party Liability Insurances as well as all required insurances in accordance with conditions of contract are recommended to be effected prior to commencement of any physical construction works on Site.
PROJECT CLOSED OUT PROCEDURES
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO., LTD
Before an investor can receive rental income and occupy the premises for its intended use, the receipt of approval must be received by the provincial Construction Department or the Ministry of Construction depending on the category and size of the project.
The Construction Department will receive a dossier complete with independent testing and commissioning data (prepared by an independent party not the original designer) for piling, structure, electricity and earthing, environmental impact with regard to water and waste disposal, final checking and approval of fire protection requirement. The dossier needs to have Minutes to put the Building into Operation signed by the Investor, Testing Body, Contractor and Designer including the Project or Construction Manager if appointed. The project close out procedure is in accordance with Decree 46/2015 – NDCP dated 12 May 2015.
TYPICAL SUBMISSION FLOWCHART
PROGRESS OF IMPLEMENTATION FOR CONSTRUCTION INVESTMENT PROCEDURES FOR REAL ESTATE PROJECTS LEVEL 1,
SPECIAL LEVEL – GROUP A
(1) (1’) (1”) (1’”)
( The Employer [upon completion of the Basic Design]
The Employer can simultaneously perform Step 1,1', 1'', 1'''
Request for written comments on the fire protection measures (Fire Department – 10 days) Report on assessment of environmental impact (Provincial People's Committee - 75 days)
Request for written approval on height of the building (Department of Combat -
Department of Defense - 15 days)
Collect the approval on the Basic Design (Ministry of Construction
– 20 days)
Agreement on technical infrastructure connections includes:
(no required time by law so the Employer shall make their own
arrangements) Approval on Fire Protection (Fire Department – 15 days) Review on Technical Design (Ministry of Construction – 40 days) Construction Permit (Department of Construction – 20 days) Agreement on communications infrastructure connection (Department of Information Center/ Management Company) Agreement on Drainage System connection (Department of Transportation /Management Company) Agreement on Power Supply (Electricity Company) Agreement on location of water supply connection (Water Supply Company)
Note:
1. "Date" as above mentioned is considered as working days from the date of receipt of sufficient and valid documents.
2. The Employer can implement procedures for collecting of the agreements on technical infrastructure connections after receipt of approval on the basic design. However, if after the basic design approved by the Ministry of Construction that the technical infrastructure management agency does not agree with the Employer’s plan, then the Employer must change the plan for technical infrastructure connections, leading to change in the basic design and to request the Ministry of Construction to approve again on the basis design dossier. Therefore, the Ministry of Construction recommends that the Employer should have in advance the written agreement on the provision of electricity, water and drainage connections, transportation system connection for the project, infrastructure communication connection before submitting documents to the Ministry of Construction for approval on the basic design.
KEY PLANNING PARAMETER
MAXIMUM SITE COVERAGE
Maximum site coverage of linked houses and villa houses
Maximum site coverage of condominium buildings
The maximum site coverage of urban public building such as educational, healthcare, cultural buildings, sport centres and market in the new urban development area is 40%.
lot must be complied with the current regulation.
Land plot area (m2/house)
Building height measured from ground level (m)
Maximum site coverage (%) according to land plot area
19 22 25 28 31 34 40 43 46 >46 65 60 53 50 48 46 44 43 42 41 40 63 58 55 51 48 46 44 42 41 40 39 38 60 55 52 48 45 43 41 39 38 36 35 m2 10,000 m2 18,000 m2 35,000 m2 100 75 90 100 80 200 300 60 500 50 40 coverage (%)
MINIMUM LANDSCAPING RATIO FOR CONSTRUCTION LAND LOTS
For those built on a land plot of area <3.000m2, the site coverage
with the current regulation.
Type of building
house, villa)
3. Factory
Minimum of ratio for landscape (%) 20 20 30 30 30 20 20 Building height measured from ground level (m)
Maximum site coverage (%) according to land plot area
19 22 25 28 31 34 40 43 46 >46 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 65 62 58 55 53 51 49 48 46 45 68 63 60 56 53 51 49 46 45 44 43 65 60 53 50 48 46 44 43 42 41 40 m2 3,000 m2 10,000m2 18,000m2