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A house divided cannot stand. I
A house divided cannot stand. I
believe this government cannot
believe this government cannot
endure half slave and half free
endure half slave and half free
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln’s original war Aim was
Lincoln’s original war Aim was
to save the Union……not free
to save the Union……not free
the slaves
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B
B
B
B
Border States
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Fort Sumter-April 1861
Fort Sumter-April 1861
With 7 states seceded, the south began to make a move
A major union fort in the south was in Charleston, SC
The south wanted to take it over
Union-Major Robert Anderson
Confederacy-P.G.T. Beauregard
Beauregard fired on supply ships headed for the fort and the war
started
34 hours later, the battle was over; no casualties
Lincoln Reacts
Lincoln Reacts
Called for volunteers to serve
Virginia secedes followed by
NC, Ak, Tn.
11 total slave states
Border States:
controlled
by the Union, but had slaves
Maryland, Delaware,
Kentucky, Missouri
Allowed slavery in these
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Comparison Chart
Comparison Chart
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Population Fighting
men
Industry
Railroads
States
•Population:
N-22 million
S-9 million
•Fighting Men:
N-4 million
S-1.5 (3.5 black)
•Industry:
N-4\5 of all goods
S-1\5
•Crops:
N-wheat, staple
S-cash crops
•Railroads:
N-2\3 of all tracks
S-1\3 of tracks
Southern Advantages
Southern Advantages
Defensive war
Better leaders
– Robert E. Lee
– Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Used to riding horses and shooting
guns
Cotton
– Trade with Britain
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War of Attrition
War of Attrition
Battle of Bull Run-July 1861
Battle of Bull Run-July 1861
First major battle
Mannassas, Va
Confederate victory
McDowell-U
Beauregard-C
Showed how unprepared
both sides were
Built confidence of the south
Still hoped the war would be
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Bull Run………Manassas
New Weapons
New Weapons
Ironclads: wooden frames
ships with metal plates
Breech loaded guns: load
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Merrimac v. Monitor-March
Merrimac v. Monitor-March
1862
1862
Merrimac
also called the
Virginia
(captured by the south)
The south wasn’t able to end
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CSS North Carolina (sank in harbor off
coast of Southport….never fought)
CSS Raleigh
Other Weapons
Other Weapons
Bowie Knife
Field Cannon
Garrison gun
Gatlin gun
Grenades
Land mines
Naval mines
Pistol
Tactics
Tactics
Trading volleys
Charge
Counter charge
Whoever withdrew
first lost the battle
Usually the winner
had higher casualties
Losers could retreat a
few miles away
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Emancipation Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation
Issued by Lincoln Jan. 1, 1863
Said that the slaves were free
It didn’t free any slaves
immediately
Why?
Only applied to lands the Union
controlled
Border state slaves not freed
Why?
Symbolic power
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Conscriptions
Conscriptions
Both sides used volunteers to
fight at first
When the horrors of war had
been seen, many stopped and
the govt. had to conscript
Draft
Like past wars, you could pay
someone to take your place
(wealthy)
Made is seem like a rich man’s
war being fought by the poor
Gangs of New York
Gangs of New York
Takes place before the
Civil War and during
the draft riots of the
Civil War
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Home Life
Home Life
Many men didn’t return
home
Many returned handicapped
High taxes in the
Confederacy
Lack of goods
Worthless currency
Wallpaper used for
writing paper
Home Life
Home Life
The north prospered industrially
Immigrants provided labor
Income tax created
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Do I Want A Doctor?
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Maggots
Maggots
Confederates had no
chloroform to help keep
maggots out of open
wounds
When infested, soldiers
actually got better faster
Maggots can be used to
stop bacteria and keep open
wounds clean
Used since Napoleonic
Sittin' by the roadside on a summer's day, Chattin' with my messmates,
passing time away, Lying in the shadows, underneath the trees -- Goodness, how delicious, eating
goober peas!
CHORUS:Peas! Peas! Peas! Peas! Eating goober peas! Goodness, how
delicious, eating goober peas!
When a horseman passes, the soldiers have a rule To cry out at their loudest "Mister, here's your mule!" But still
another pleasure enchantinger than these Is wearing out your grinders,
eating goober peas!
CHORUS
Just before the battle, the General hears a row; He says "The Yanks are
coming, I hear their rifles now"! He turns around in wonder, and what do
you think he sees? The Georgia Militia, eating goober peas!
CHORUS
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Andersonville
Andersonville
Southern POW camp
You would rather die than go here
Over 12,000 died here
The south couldn’t afford to take care of their POW’s
North also had problems
June 6, 1864--Lively skirmishing today; caught and killed 17 or 20 lice, all fat and in good condition.--Eugene Forbes, Sgt., Co. B, 14th NJ CAV June 19, 1864--When a man is shot now it is called "paroled".--John Ransom, Sgt., 9th MI CAV
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30% of prisoners died
in Andersonville’s 14
Other Confederate Prisons
Other Confederate Prisons
•
Belle Isle
– Richmond, Virginia
- 18,000
•
Blackshear Prison
– Blackshear, Georgia
- 5,000
•
Cahaba Prison
(Castle Morgan) – Selma, Alabama
- 600
•
Camp Ford
– near Tyler, Texas
- 5,300
•
Camp Groce
- Hempstead, Texas
- 600 - 1,100
•
Castle Pinckney
– Charleston, South Carolina
- 300
•
Castle Sorghum
– Columbia, South Carolina
- 1,400
•
Castle Thunder
– Richmond, Virginia
- 1,400
•
Danville Prison
– Danville, Virginia
- 4,000
•
Florence Stockade
– Florence, South Carolina
- 18,000
•
Fort Pulaski
– Savannah, Georgia
- 600
•
Gratiot Street Prison
– St Louis, Missouri
- 2,000
•
Libby Prison
– Richmond, Virginia
- 50,000
•
Salisbury Prison – Salisbury, North Carolina - 1,700
Gettysburg-July 1863
Gettysburg-July 1863
Pennsylvania
Northern victory
Meade-U
Lee-C
Turning point of the war
Over three days; 23,000
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William Tecumseh Sherman
William Tecumseh Sherman
Union general
War is cruelty; the crueler it is, the sooner it will be
over
War is all hell
Total War:
destroy everything; attacking civilian
Burning of Atlanta
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Battle of Petersburg
Battle of Petersburg
1864-65
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1865: Richmond: the capital fell
to the Union
Appomattox Court House, Va.:
where Lee surrendered to Grant;
end of the war
The Union had gone through 8
generals and the south basically
one
The North won because they had
more stuff; not because they were
better people or better fighters
Ford’s Theater
Ford’s Theater
After the end of the war, Lincoln
wanted to relax so he went to a
play
This is where he would be
assassinated by John Wilkes Booth
Shot Lincoln in the head
Lept over the balcony and caught
his spur
Fell to the stage, broke his leg, still
got away
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John Wilkes
John Wilkes
Booth
Booth
Assassinated Lincoln
Booth had originally planned to
kidnap Lincoln
The war ended too soon for him to do
this
