Collaborating with professional amateurs: low-mass stars in fragile multiple systems

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Collaborating with “professional” amateurs:

low-mass stars in fragile multiple systems

X SEA Valencia 2012

José Antonio Caballero

1

Joan Genebriera2_{, Tòfol Tobal}3_{, F. Xavier Miret}3_, Francisco M. Rica4_{, Jordi Cairol}3_{, Núria Miret}3_,

Ignacio Novalbos3_{, David Montes}5_{, Alexis Klutsch}5

1_{Centro de Astrobiología, Madrid}

2_{Observatorio de Tacande, La Palma} 3_{Observatòri del Garraf, Barcelona}

4_{Sociedad Astronómica de Mérida, Badajoz} 5_{Universidad Complutense de Madrid}

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Formación, evolución y multiplicidad de enanas marrones y exoplanetas gigantes

Formation, evolution and multiplicity of brown dwarfs and giant exoplanets

José Antonio Caballero

/xó-se ka-ba-jé-ro/

2006 03

Universidad de La Laguna

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

Directores:

Rafael Rebolo López Víctor Javier Sánchez Béjar

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Una búsqueda de

compañeros de estrellas Luyten con el Observatorio Virtual

A search for companions to Luyten stars with the Virtual Observatory

José A. Caballero1 F. Xavier Miret2 Joan Genebriera3 Tófol Tobal2 Jordi Cairol2 David Montes1

1: Dpto. de Astrofísica, Universidad

Complutense de Madrd

2: Observatori Astrònomic del Garraf, Barcelona

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Help #1:

Xavier, Tófol and Jordi (and Núria et al.) at the Observatori Astrònomic del Garraf

OAG is one of the main measurement providers of the USNO Washington Double Stars catalogue (104₎

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Help #2:

The Tacande astro-photometric follow-up

A battery of “small” telescopes in La Palma: 40, 20, 15, 12, 9 cm

•  40 cm Cassegrain Relay, F6/5, with a

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The Garraf survey:

Current 2008 status

• ~160 common-µ candidate

companions studied to date

• 86 rejected systems with bad

USNO-B1 astrometry

• 8 pairs with different USNO-B1 proper

motions

• 20 physical systems with both star

components in Hipparcos

• 29 physical systems with only one star

component in Hipparcos

• 19 physical systems with no

components in Hipparcos

• Half a dozen new

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Garraf 1AB:

A bright, young, very wide, low-mass binary in the solar neighbourhood

A: G 125-15, M4.5e, X-ray, variable, age ~ 300 Ma (Daemgen et al. 2007)

B: G 125-14, M5.5?

Known binary GIC 158 in Giclas et al. (1971)

P = 1.6267 d, A_I = 0.097 mag

Optical imaging and low-resolution spectroscopy of Garraf 1AB with CAFOS / 2.2 m by D. Montes Accurate BVRI magnitudes New astrometric epoch

Age? ρ = 46.0 ± 0.3 arcsec θ = 347.34 ± 0.16 deg d = 17+6_{-5 pc} r = 800+300_{-200 AU} MA = 0.21+0.08_{-0.05 Msol} MB = 0. 12+0.04_{-0.03 Msol}

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Caballero et al. 2010, A&A 520, A91

G 125-15 AB + G 125-14 = WDS 19312+3607

(The magnetically-active, low-mass, triple

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Caballero et al. 2010, A&A

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Tarantino’s

movie (in

media res)

The beginning in 2006…

Near-infrared

colour-magnitude diagram for Caballero et al. (2007)

(brown dwarfs with discs)

•  Abnormally red colour of

the young (Castor) M9V

brown dwarf LP 944-20 

Zapatero Osorio et al. (2010)

•  A proper-motion

companion to a “single” M8V star in the field

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Caballero 2007a, A&A 462, L61

Koenigstuhl 1AB: the

(second) widest ultracool binary: a challenge for very low-mass formation ejection scenarios! • _ρ = 77.76 ± 0.07 arcsec •  d = 23 ± 2 pc • s = 1800 ± 170 AU •  M_A = 0.103 ± 0.006 M_sol •  M_B = 0.079 ± 0.004 M_sol

Highlight of the week in A&A

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Caballero 2007b, ApJ 667, 520

Koenigstuhl 2 AB: A new

very low-mass star in a wide binary (the third widest

system with M_A + M_B < 0.4 M_sol) Primary: LP 655-23 (Luyten 1979) Secondary: 2M0430-08 (M8.0V; Cruz et al. 2003) •  s = 450 ± 40 AU •  M_A = 0.26 ± 0.04 M_sol •  M_B = 0.086 ± 0.004 M_sol

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Koenigstuhl 3 ABC: the

widest system containing an L dwarf component Primary: HD 221356 (F8.0V; Hipparcos) Secondary: 2M2331-04AB (M8.0V+L3.0V; Gizis et al. 2000, 2003) ρ = 7.530 ± 0.007 arcmin s = 11900 ± 300 AU M_A = 1.02 ± 0.07 M_sol M_BC = 0.088+0.072 M_sol _Caballero 2007b, ApJ 667, 520

And a new L3:V close companion to A (Gauza et al., subm.)

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“The Garraf survey”

A Virtual Observatory search for companions to Luyten

stars

• 20 physical systems with

both star components in Hipparcos

•  29 physical systems with

only one star component in Hipparcos

•  19 physical systems with no

components in Hipparcos •  Half a dozen new

serendipitously-discovered physical systems

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Caballero 2009, A&A 507, 251

Reaching the boundary between stellar kinematic groups and very wide

binaries. I

•  WDS stars with the widest

angular separations (ρ > 999 arcsec): N=30 •  Visual or unidentified doubles: N=23 •  Physical double candidates: N=7 (including α Centauri A, B and C)

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Reaching the boundary between stellar kinematic groups and very wide

binaries. I

•  Six systems with s > 0.1 pc (previously assumed upper limit to the distribution of

wide binary semimajor axes) •  Four systems with s > 0.2 pc

•  Comparison of

gravitational binding

energies (U*_g=−GM_AM_B/s)

•  See Cortés-Contreras et al.

(poster) _{2009, A&A}Caballero

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Caballero 2009, A&A 507, 251

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Reaching the boundary

between stellar kinematic groups and very wide

binaries. II

The widest

system!

Caballero 2010, A&A 514, A98

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Caballero 2010, A&A 514, A98

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Alonso-Floriano et al. (poster) Further Pro-Am collaboration Astro-photometric follow-up by Joan Genebriera of the new young

system HD

143809 AB

(Local Assoc.)

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Caballero 2012, Obs 132, 1

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Caballero & Montes 2012, Obs 132, 176

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Caballero & Montes 2012, Obs 132, 176

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Rica & Caballero 2012, Obs, in press

COOL DWARFS IN WIDE MULTIPLE SYSTEMS

PAPER 4: A COMMON-‐PROPER-‐MOTION PAIR OF TWO IDENTICAL MID-‐M DWARFS SEPARATED BY ABOUT 10000 AU

By F. M. Rica

Agrupación Astronómica de Mérida, Extremadura, Spain

Liga Iberoamericana de Astronomía, Santa Fe, Argentina

and José A. Caballero

Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain

LSPM J0651+1843 and LSPM J0651+1845 are two high proper motion stars recently claimed to form a binary system, FMR 83, by Rica (2012). Here we characterise the system in detail, using astrometric and photometric data, and Yind that the pair consists of two M4±1 dwarfs separated by 9500+6200

-‐3800 AU. With

these results, FMR 83 becomes one of the very few “ultrafragile” systems (i.e., systems with very low total masses and very wide physical separations), many of which have been identiYied in this series of papers.

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Rica et al. 2011, MNRAS 419, 197

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OAGWPS

Observatori Astronòmic del Garraf Wide Pairs Survey:

•  Project involving most Spanish “double amateur

astronomers” (>50!)

•  “Garraf survey” heritage + visual blinking with Aladin

•  In collaboration with Enrique Solano (SVO) and David

Valls-Gabaud (France)

•  Direct connection to the Washington Double Star

catalogue

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Caballero et al., A&A, to be submitted

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Caballero & ???

Future

• A&A submission

• Papers 5, 6, 7… for The Observatory in

preparation (Griffin’s “son”)

• Go on with the sucessful Pro-Am

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