Artificial Weathering, Durability Testing, and Fade Resistance. Americhem Inc.

(1)

Artificial

Weathering,

Durability Testing,

and Fade Resistance

(2)

Testing Durability of Synthetic Turf

• The purpose of presentation

• Review FIFA & ASTM test procedures

• Glimpse at the historical background on artificial grass durability

requirements

• Methods of testing product performance

• Methods of measuring levels of performance

(3)

Review current accelerated weathering guidelines for

synthetic turf sports fields, landscapes, and leisure areas

to determine if they correctly assess product

performance .

(4)

Testing Durability of Synthetic Turf

• The purpose of presentation

• Review FIFA / ASTM test procedures

requirements

(5)

In December 2011, STC Accepted ASTM & FIFA Procedures

This was a very

important step in

establishing a bench

mark for product

performance in the US.

The STC adopted ASTM and FIFA

procedures and test guidelines to

measure the quality of multiple use

sports playing field. Landscape and

leisure turf is not covered by these

guidelines.

(6)

Testing Durability of Synthetic Turf

• Review FIFA / ASTM test procedures

• Glimpse at the historical background on

artificial grass durability requirements

(7)

Background on Product

Performance Standards

• “In 2001, FIFA launched Quality

Concept as a

means to test

soccer

/ football fields to assess the

ball

surface interaction, player surface

interaction and the durability of

fields

.”

This is quote taken from

the Handbook of Requirements

– Color changes after weathering should not be lower than a 3 on a AATCC

gray scale per test EN ISO 20150-A02 – Tensile retention after weathering

should be no less than 50% per test DIN EN 13864.

Rating of 3 on

gray scale = DE

of 3.4 in CIE

LAB values

(8)

FIFA Handbook of Test Methods

for Artificial Weathering

• FIFA Test Method 10 before 2012 stated:

– Use of ISO 4892-3 accelerated weathering conditions will result in 4896 MJ/m2 _{after approximately 3000 hours}

• FIFA’s 2012 handbook states:

– Use of ISO 4892-3 accelerated weathering conditions result in

4896 kJ/m2 _{after approximately 2500 hours}

• FIFA set the standards for testing sports fields

• I have not found test standards for landscape or leisure

areas

(9)

Testing Durability of Synthetic Turf

requirements

• Methods of testing product performance

(10)

Posted Turf Weathering

Specifications for Sports Fields

Reference

Light

MJ/m

2 TSR 300-2450 nm

MJ/m

2 UV 295-385 nm

Hours

FIFA 2001-2011 UVA 340 - 4896 3000 FIFA 2012 UVA 340 -4

.

896 2500

DIN 18035-7 Xenon 7500 - Not stated

LND UVB 313 - Not stated ₂₅₀₀

(11)

ISO 4892-3 for Fluorescent UV’s

Irradiance 0.76 W/m2 _{at 340} nm Lamps UVA 340 Chamber temperature 60 C on light / 50 C dk. cycle Light/dark cycle 8 hrs. UV / 4 hrs. dark

% Humidity Not specified

Irradiance 0.83 W/m2 at 313 nm Lamps UVB 313 Chamber temperature 43 C

Relative Humidity Not specified

Light/dark cycle 4 hrs. light / 2 hrs. dark cycle

Spray 2 min. in dark cycle

Spectral Power Distribution Supplied by Q-Lab

FIFA specified ISO 4892-3 UVA-340 LND (Lega Nazionale Dilettanti) specified ISO 4892-3 UVB-314

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ISO 4892-2 for Xenon Arcs

Irradiance 0.50 W/m2 at 340 nm Filter combination Borosilicate in / out Black panel temperature 65 C + /- 3 Chamber temperature 43 C Relative Humidity 50%

Light/dark cycle Continuous UV Spray 18 min. front spray

Spectral Power Distribution of a Type Boro S inner/Type Boro S outer

filter combination 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 280 480 680 880 1080 1280 1480 1680 1880 2080 2280 Wavelength (nanometers) Spe ct ra l Irra d ia n ce (W /m ²•nm )

ISO-4892-2 is specified in DIN 18035-7

Sports Ground Part 7: Synthetic Turf Areas

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This is a Xenon Arc which

we use for ISO 4892-2

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This is a QUV which we use

for ISO 4892-3 with

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UVA-MJ/m

2 of Irradiance for

UVA-340 Lamp / ISO 4892-3

• The integrated irradiance for UVA

calibrated at 0.76 W/m2 _is

45.1W/m2

• This calculates to 0.163

MJ/m

2

/hr of light cycle

• 0.163 x 3000 hrs. = 489.6 MJ/m2

• Therefore in 3000 hours of light, a

QUV with a UVA lamp which was

calibrated for 0.76 W/m2 _{at 340 nm}

will have a total of 489.6 MJ/m2 _of

UV irradiance.

• If the test was only run for 3000

hours, with specified light dark

cycle, 489.6 x 0.66 = 323 MJ/m2 _of

UV irradiance.

Spectral Graph & Calculations Supplied by

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MJ/m

2 of Irradiance for

Xenon Arc Lamp / ISO 4892-2

• Based on the spectral power

distribution with Boro S /

Boro S filters at 0.50 W/m2

calibration; the sum of all

wavelengths is 1177 W/m2_.

• W/m2 _{x 0.0036 x 1 Hour =}

4.237 MJ/m

2

_{per hour}

Spectral Power Distribution of a Type Boro S inner/Type Boro S outer filter combination 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 280 380 480 580 680 780 880 980 1080 1180 1280 1380 1480 1580 Wavelength (nanometers) Spe ctr al Ir ra d ia n ce (W /m ²•nm )

(17)

Testing Durability of Synthetic Turf

requirements

• Methods of measuring levels of performance

(18)

Global Climate Averages for Year 2010

Location Relative Humidity % Rain Fall mm Ave. Ambient Temp. °C TSR 300 – 2450 nm Direct Exposure 50 MJ/m2 UV Radiation 295 – 385 nm MJ/m2 Phoenix, AZ 34 401 22 7453 365 Miami, FL 77 1405 23 6198 343 Medina, OH 72 844 10 5100 Sanary, France 58 575 14 5412 194 Guangzhou, China 79 1492 22 4590 Choshi, Japan 78 1682 14 4659 Melbourne, Australia 62 650 16 5385

Weathering Variables

(19)

Comparing Turf Weathering

Specifications to Outdoor Sunlight

Test

Light

MJ/m

2 TSR 300-2450 nm

MJ/m

2 UV 295-385 nm

Hours

of UVA light

Years

Out Doors in Arizona FIFA 2001-2011 UVA 340 - 4896 3000 4896 is Over 13.3

FIFA 2012 UVA 340 - 4.896 2500 5 days

DIN 18035-7 Xenon 7500 - _{At least}

1

LND UVB 313 - - ₂₅₀₀ _?

Phoenix Sunlight 7453 365 - 1

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NASA’s Global Solar Irradiation For

1 Yr. in (Kilo Langleys)

Kilo Langleys Can be Used to

Establish Guidelines

(21)

To Convert Exposure in Langleys to Q-Sun Test Times Enter exposure in kiloLangleys here: 140

Conversion to joules (300-3000 nm) 5,857,600,000 joules 5,857,600.00 kJ 5,857.60 MJ Conversion to joules (300-800 nm) 3,151,388,800 joules 3,151,388.80 kJ 3,151.39 MJ Enter Q-Sun Set Point Here: Can be a

340 or 420 nm set point--check appropriate column for correct time of

exposure 0.5 W/m2 Filter 340 nm Conversion Factor 340 nm control point: Time in hours 420 nm Conversion Factor 420 nm Control Point: Time in Hours Extended UV -- Quartz 1752.7 1857 883.3 3684 Extended UV -- Q/B 2100.0 1550 863.0 3771 Daylight -- B/B 1988.6 1636 877.0 3711

140 Kilo Langleys Requires

1636 Hrs of Testing

Conversion Table Supplied by Q-Lab

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If markets from 80 to 160 kL’s per year of total solar radiance

are targeted, they need minimum of 9,350 hours to a

maximum of 18,700 hours of testing under ISO 4892-2. This

is for 10 years exterior predicted or estimated performance.

(23)

Example of 3000 hrs. Pass / 6000 Fail

y = 1E-06x2 - 0.0021x + 1.9671 R2 = 0.9974 y = 5E-07x2 - 0.0012x + 1.1841 R2 = 0.9989 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 hours DE 0.1 RED 184 1.0 RED 184 Poly. (0.1 RED 184) Poly. (1.0 RED 184)