Insect Control Update

Insect Control Update

Diane Alston

Entomologist, Utah State University

Utah State Horticultural Association Annual Convention

January 31, 2012

Springville, UT

Insect Control Update

¤ Spotted Wing Drosophila & Cherry

Fruit Fly – Insecticides

¤ Killing Stations and Bait Trees for

Cherry Fruit Fly

¤ A New Insecticide for Rosy Apple

Aphid

¤ Pheromone Technologies for

Prionus Root Borer

¤ 2011 Top Secondary Insect Pests

¤ Fruittree Leafroller

¤ White Apple Leafhopper

¤ Peach Silver Mite

¤ Earwig management in peaches

¤ Drew Tebeau, PhD Student

Spotted Wing Drosophila Update

¤ 2011: 60 flies caught in 3 Davis

Co. fruit sites (36 sites)

¤ Fruit Heights & Kaysville

¤ Trap catches: mid Sep to late Oct

¤ 2010: 73 flies, Kaysville (10 sites)

¤ mid Aug to late Nov

¤ Timing for control: ripe fruit

present

¤ just before harvest, during

harvest, post-harvest

Male

Female

Oregon Sweet Cherry SWD

Insecticide Recommendations

Harvest Time

Product Common Name REI PHI

Assail 30SG/70WP acetamiprid 12 h 7 d Delegate 25WG spinetoram 4 h 7 d Entrust 80WPOrg _{spinosad 4 h 7 d}

Malathion 8EC malathion 12 h 3 d Provado 1.6F imidacloprid1 appl _{12 h 7 d}

Sevin 4F carbaryl 12 h 3 d Success 2L spinosad 4 h 7 d

Post-Harvest Clean-up: Dimethoate

Emergency Use Only (Restricted Use; toxic to beneficials; mite flare): Asana, Baythroid, Diazinon, Pounce, Proaxis, Warrior

Susceptibility of WCFF to Insecticides

Harvest Time

Mustang Max, Malathion, Delegate

¤ Wee Yee

(USDA-ARS, Wapato, WA)

¤ Reproductively mature (RM) flies

are present (harvest time):

¤ Must kill ~78% of RM flies within 2 hr

to prevent oviposition

¤ Mustang Max (zeta-cypermethrin) –

most effective; fast knock-down;

contact, walking on residues

(coverage)

¤ Malathion and Delegate (spinetoram) –

slower acting; contact, walking on

residues (full coverage)

Yee and Alston, 2011

2012 Research Plans

Develop Comprehensive Fruit Fly Program

for Tart Cherry

¤ Cherry fruit fly – Spotted

wing drosophila

insecticide control

programs

¤ Classes of insecticides

¤ Timing

¤ Focus on harvest-time &

post-harvest

utahpests.usu.edu

Fruit Fly Killing Stations

WCFF

Dr. Jaime Pinero,

Lincoln Univ. of Missouri 36 inch diameter plastic plant pot saucers

Yellow color attracts flies

Killing Station Density

GF-120 (20%)

KS density

Mean no.

of

WCFF

larvae

emerged

per

100

fruit

Jul 7 

(pre‐trial)

Jul 14

Jul 21

Jul 28

Aug 5

9

per

acre

2.7

3.2

1.2

2.5

0.5

18

per

acre

2.3

0.3

0.3

0

0

Applications for Killing Stations

WCFF hot-spots, borders adjacent to outside sources,

& supplemental treatments in organic orchards

Bait Trees with CFF Pressure

Actara (thiamethoxam)*

+ sugar (4% or 10%)

vs.

20% GF-120

vs.

Untreated control

225 ml per tree

Applied:

Weekly &

Biweekly

Bait Trees – WCFF Control

Treatment # larvae per 100 fruits

2010

Untreated control 1.6 a Actara + 10% sugar (weekly) 0.4 b 20% GF‐120 (weekly) 0.6 b 2011

Untreated control 3.8 ab Actara + 4% sugar (weekly) 0.2 c Actara + 4% sugar (biweekly) 0.8 bc 20% GF‐120 (weekly) 0.3 c 20% GF‐120 (biweekly) 4.2 ab

Rosy Apple Aphid

- early season pest: bloom to early summer - curl & twist leaves, distort shoots

- stunt & deform fruits

- by mid summer, migrate to weed hosts (plantain & dock)

- sporadic pest; severe injury if unchecked - neonicotinoid is primary class used for control

Flupyradifurone

¤ Sivanto 200SL

¤ Bayer CropScience

¤ new class: Butenolide

¤ stemofoline (Stemona japonica)

¤ Asia & Australasia

¤ traditional Chinese medicine

¤ nicotinic AChR agonist

¤ systemic (foliar & soil)

¤ fast uptake

¤ translaminar movement

¤ sucking insects

¤ Bloom-time applications

Methods

¤ 2-acre ‘Gala’ and ‘Fuji’ apple

¤ blocked by cultivar

¤ infested plots with RAA

¤ plot size: Single row X 3 trees

¤ RCBD, 4 replicates

¤ at least 1 untreated buffer row

between plots

¤ treatments applied once on

June 10

¤ Apple fruitlets 1/4-1/3 inch diam

¤ Sivanto (BYI): 1.8 to 7.0 oz/acre

¤ Calypso, Admire Pro (+ 0.25% HO)

¤ orchard air blast sprayer

Aphid Sampling

¤ pre-trt & approx. weekly

for 4 wk post-trt

¤ sampled center tree per

plot

¤ two sample types:

¤ # of aphid-infested shoots

per tree

¤ RAA and GAA

¤ # of aphids & predators

per shoot for 5 infested

shoots per tree

Syrphid egg (above) and larva (courtesy of E. Beers)

Prionus Root Borer

¤ Long-horned beetle

¤ Native to western North

America

¤ trees, shrubs, vines

¤ apple, rose, lilac, oak, hop

(UT - sweet cherry, peach)

¤ females oviposit on/in soil near

base of hosts

¤ larvae feed on roots, 3-5 yr life

cycle

¤ injury - decreased nutrient uptake,

water stress, reduced growth

¤ orchards – tree decline & mortality,

reduced orchard longevity

¤ more common in sandy soils

Prionus Root Borer

¤ Few effective controls

¤ fumigation, fallow 2-3 yrs

¤ no biocontrol or HPR

¤ Adults are crepuscular

¤ Jun to Sep

¤ 1 – 2 ¼ in long

¤ males are active fliers;

highly serrate antennae

¤ Live 2-3 wk (lab), do not

feed

Prionus Pheromone

¤ ID & synthesis of

female-produced sex pheromone

¤ 3,5-dimethyldodecanoic acid

¤ MD:

¤ Pacific Biocontrol Isomate

dispenser

¤ 100 dispensers/acre

¤ single appl. (Jun 20

) , season

longevity

¤ Lures:

¤ Contech Enterprises 30 mg

(98% pure)

Prevailing Wind

100 MD dispensers/acre Untreated

0.1 mg pheromone lure‐baited bucket trap (replace lure weekly)

Contech pheromone lure‐baited bucket trap (replace lure every 4 weeks or every 2 weeks in 1 of 2 Contech traps in 2 additional trapping orchards

Rotate lure positions on bucket traps in a clockwise direction weekly (bucket traps will remain in place and lures will be rotated)

Collect beetles from traps weekly

MD Results

Replicate % trap shutdown

1 55%

2 94%

Total 90%

Prionus californicus mating disruption in sweet cherry, UT. Male 

capture in bucket traps baited with Contech (brown) pheromone 

lures (2 replicate traps per orchard).

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 27 ‐ Jun ₄‐Jul 11 ‐ Jul 18 ‐ Jul 25 ‐ Jul 1 ‐ Aug 8 ‐ Aug 15 ‐ Aug 22 ‐ Aug 29 ‐ Aug 5 ‐ Se p 12 ‐ Se p 19 ‐ Se p Me an   #   of   males   pe r   buc ke t   tr ap   pe r   w eek MD‐Tagge MD‐Barker Unt‐Sumida Unt‐Nielson #1 ANOVA Comparison Mean  total per  trap  MD‐treated 1.6 b Untreated 16.0 a

Lure Comparison & Longevity Results

ANOVA Comparison Mean 

total per  trap 30 mg lure (brown) 3.3 a 0.1 mg lure (clear) 0.3 b 30 mg lure ‐2 wk 3.3  30 mg lure ‐4 wk 3.4 

Comparison of Prionuslure type and longevity for Contech 

(brown) vs. 0.1 mg (clear) lures in two sweet cherry orchards, UT 

(no mating disruption).

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 27 ‐ Ju n 4 ‐ Ju l 11 ‐ Jul 18 ‐ Jul 25 ‐ Jul 1 ‐ Au g 8 ‐ Au g 15 ‐ Au g 22 ‐ Au g 29 ‐ Au g 5 ‐ Sep 12 ‐ Sep 19 ‐ Sep Me a n   #   of   ma le s   pe r   buck e t   tr ap   pe r   w eek Clear‐1 wk Brown‐2 wk Brown‐4 wk

Conclusions & Implications

Prionus Root Borer

¤ MD & mass-trapping show

promise

¤ MD: 90% trap shutdown

¤ 3-5 year life cycle: > 1 yr trt.

¤ Bucket Traps:

¤ 338 P. californicus caught in 6

sweet cherry orchards

¤ In 4 non-MD orchards:

¤

Contech 30 mg lures: 31.0

males/trap

¤

Research 0.1 mg lures: 8.1

males/trap

Problem Secondary Pests in 2011

Fruittree Leafroller

Early August

Early tart cherry

harvest

Reason:

Orchards with no or

few broad-spectrum

insecticides

Guthion, Imidan

Fruittree Leafroller

Black head & thoracic shield Front margin of thoracic shield cream to white

Reason:

Delayed phenology

in 2011 – cool weather:

larval period overlapped

with cherry harvest

History on FTLR Populations

Year # moths per trap 

for summer flight

# traps  Timing of peak flight

1997 0.3 7 Early July 2003 34.0 11 Late June 2004 0.1 12 Early June 2011 26.6 11 Mid to late July

Prevention:

Monitor moths

Scout leaves & fruit

Insecticides:

Synthetic pyrethroids

Sevin

Problem Secondary Pests in 2011

White Apple Leafhopper

Reasons:

Reduction in use of Sevin for apple

thinning; timing didn’t coincide

with WALH nymphs; build-up in

population cycle; other reasons?

Problem Secondary Pests in 2011

Peach Silver Mite

Reasons:

Use of synthetic pyrethroids in peach for aphids & cat-facing

insects has killed predatory mites; cooler & wetter weather

pattern; other reasons?

Acknowledgements

¤ Funding:

¤ UT Specialty Crop Block Grant Prog.

(USDA)

¤ UT State Horticultural Association

¤ UT Agricultural Experiment Station

¤ Agrichemical Industry

¤ Researchers:

¤ Cory Stanley (SWD)

¤ Wee Yee (WCFF Bait Trees)

¤ Jaime Pinero (Killing Stations)

¤ James Barbour & Michael Pace

(Prionus)

¤ Marion Murray (FTLR)

¤ Thor Lindstrom (RAA)

Grower Survey

¤ Data on impacts required by SCBG

program

¤ Feedback identifies industry priorities

¤ Feedback guides USU future research

directions

¤ Please take a few minutes to answer the

survey questions (front & back of page)

¤ Best estimates are all that is needed