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FA

FAULT ULT MODELING...MODELING... ... ... ... ... 22

Important icons used in the process steps:...2 

Important icons used in the process steps:...2 

Exercise Overview:...2 

Exercise Overview:...2 

 A)  A) DDEFINEEFINE A A NEWNEW MODELMODEL...3...3

Exercise Steps...3

Exercise Steps...3

B) B) CCREATEREATE FAULTSFAULTS BASEDBASED ONON FAULTFAULT POLYGONSPOLYGONS...4...4

Exercise Steps...4

Exercise Steps...4

Comments... Comments... ... ... ... 5 5  C) C) EEDITDIT K KEYEY P PILLARSILLARS...5...5

Exercise Steps...5 

Exercise Steps...5 

Comment... Comment... ... ... ... 6 6  Continue Buidin! "e# $iars %rom $o#!ons...6 

Continue Buidin! "e# $iars %rom $o#!ons...6 

D) D) CCONNECTONNECT FAULTSFAULTS...7...7

Exercise Steps: Connect %auts...&  Exercise Steps: Connect %auts...&  Exercise Steps: 'isconnect %auts...(  Exercise Steps: 'isconnect %auts...(  Exercise Steps: Create )ranched and crossin! %auts...(  Exercise Steps: Create )ranched and crossin! %auts...(  Comments... Comments... ... ... ... ( (  E) E) CCREATEREATE FAULTSFAULTS USINGUSING SELECTEDSELECTED FAULTFAULT STICKSSTICKS...9...9

Exercise Steps...* Exercise Steps...* F) F) CCREATEREATE FAULTSFAULTS FROMFROM ALL ALL FAULTFAULT STICKSSTICKS...9...9

Exercise Steps...* Exercise Steps...* G) G) AAUTOMATICUTOMATIC GENERATIONGENERATION OFOF FAULTSFAULTS...10...10

Exercise Exercise Steps...Steps... ... ... ... .... +, +,  H) H) OOPTIONALPTIONAL E EERCISESERCISES...11...11

 -utomatic -d  -utomatic -dustment o% "e# $iars...ustment o% "e# $iars... ... ... ++++ 'i!iti/e "e# $iars usin! 2' structure !rid...+2 

'i!iti/e "e# $iars usin! 2' structure !rid...+2 

'i!iti/e "e# $iars on a !enera intersection...+3

'i!iti/e "e# $iars on a !enera intersection...+3

 T!" #$%#&'" &( !*' #%&+"'' *' & ,$*- / (/$- &"- $'*2 /%*"  T!" #$%#&'" &( !*' #%&+"'' *' & ,$*- / (/$- &"- $'*2 /%*" &( (/$- &( (/$- //. T!"%//. T!"%" /%"" /%" '""%/- /' &( "(**2 !" (/$- '""%/- /' &( "(**2 !" (/$- &"- * P"%"-. A (/$- &"- +/ ," 2""%/" ,/'"&"- * P"%"-. A (/$- &"- +/ ," 2""%/" ,/'" & (/$- & (/$- #&-2&'6 *"%#%" #&-2&'6 *"%#%"" '"*'*+ -*"'6 " '"*'*+ -*"'6 *#&%" '%$+$%/- /#' &% (/$- *#&%" '%$+$%/- /#' &% (/$- '*+'. T!" *#6 /8*$!6'*+'. T!" *#6 /8*$!6 -"2! / '!/ -"2! / '!/#" "(*" !" (/$- #-/"' , !" "/' &( K" P#" "(*" !" (/$- #-/"' , !" "/' &( K" P *--/%'. T!" K" P*--/%' ,$*- !"*--/%'. T!" K" P*--/%' ,$*- !" (%/"&% &( !" 3D &"-6 !"+" !" /" K" P*--/%'. A K"

(%/"&% &( !" 3D &"-6 !"+" !" /" K" P*--/%'. A K" P*--/% *' / "%*+/-6 -*"/%6 -*'%*+ &% +$%" -*" +&'*'*2 &6 P*--/% *' / "%*+/-6 -*"/%6 -*'%*+ &% +$%" -*" +&'*'*2 &6 !%"" &% (*"

!%"" &% (*" '!/#" #&*'!/#" #&*' %"#%"'"/*"-' %"#%"'"/*"-. T!" (*2$%" * . T!" (*2$%" * !"!" $##"% %*2! +&%"% '!&

$##"% %*2! +&%"% '!&' / -*'%*+ ' / -*'%*+ K" P*--/% K" P*--/% +&'*'*2 &( &" &#6+&'*'*2 &( &" &#6 &" *-" / &" ,/'" '!/#" #&*

&" *-" / &" ,/'" '!/#" #&*. E"% . E"% (/$- !/' & (/$- !/' & ,"," "(*" , K" P*--/%' & ," *+-$" * / 3D

"(*" , K" P*--/%' & ," *+-$" * / 3D 2%*. F/$-' *2! ,"2%*. F/$-' *2! ," +%&''*2

+%&''*26 ,%/+!*2 / "%*+/- 6 ,%/+!*2 / "%*+/- %$+/" / !" *"%'"+*&' &( %$+/" / !" *"%'"+*&' &( 

Fault Moelin#

(2)

 Create %aut %rom %aut po#!ons Seect piar  

 -dd to or create %aut %rom seected %aut stic1s Connect two %auts

 Create %aut %rom %aut stic1s sur%ace or interpretation -dd piar to end 

 -dd new piar )# one point -dd piar )etween

 -dd new piar Branched %auts

 Snap seected shape point Crossin! %auts

 ove aon! ine tan!ent on# inear piar  

 istric piar 

E$ercise O%er%ie&"

A' D"(*" / " &"-(' C%"/" (/$-' ,/'" & (/$- #&-2&' C' E* K" P*--/%' D' C&"+ (/$-' E' C%"/" (/$-' $'*2 '"-"+" (/$- '*+' F' C%"/" (/$-' (%& /-- (/$- '*+'

G'  A$&/*+ 2""%/*& &( (/$-' (%& (/$- '*+' * !" *#$ /, * P"%"- E<#-&%"%  )' O#*&/- "<"%+*'"'

•  A=$' K" P*--/%' & &# / ,/'" '$%(/+" /$&/*+/-- • D*2**8" K" P*--/%' $'*2 D '%$+$%/- 2%*

• D*2**8" K" P*--/%' & / 2""%/- *"%'"+*& *! '$%(/+"' *'#-/"

D$%*2 "/+! #/% &$ *-- ," "-"*26 /*26 &*(*2 / +&"+*2 K" P*--/%'. W!" ( **'!" &$ *-- !/" / (/$- &"- '**-/% & !" (/$- &"- *'#-/" ,"-&.

(3)

A' Define a ne& moel

B"(&%" ,$*-*2 / 3D 2%* * P"%"-6 * *' "+"''/% & "(*" / &"-. T!" " &"- &- +&/*' "# (&-"%'. W!" &$ ,"2* 2""%/*2 K" P*--/%'6 !" *-- ," #-/+" * &" &( !"'" #%"> "(*" (&-"%'.

E$ercise *teps

+. D&$,-" +-*+ & 'e%ine ode  * !" P%&+"'' D*/2%/. A *& *-- #&# $# :P%&+"'' (&%  D"(*" M&"-).

2. C/-- !" &"- G"&M&"- / +-*+ OK. T!" &"- *-- ," #-/+" $"% !" M&"-' /, * !" P"%"- E<#-&%"%.

(4)

(' Create faults base on fault pol,#ons

 A (/$- #&-2& *' !" -*" &( *"%'"+*& &( !" (/$- *! !" '%$+$%" '$%(/+". T& ,$*- K" P*--/%' (%& !"'" #&-2&' !" $' !/" ?>/-$"' %"-/" & !" '$%(/+" !" ,"-&2 &. I / "/%-*"% "<"%+*'" &$ /''*2" ?>/-$"' (%& '%$+$%" 2%*' &  !"'" #&-2&'. T& ,$*- K" P*--/%' (%& !"'" #&-2&' !" #&-2& -*"' $' %"#%"'" / '*2-" (/$- :& $-*#-" (/$-').

E$ercise *teps

+.  A+*/" !" aut modein!  #%&+"'' * !" #%&+"'' */2%/.

2. D*'#-/ !" (/$- #&-2& (*-"' * !" (/$- #&-2&' (&-"% * !" 3D *&.

-. S"-"+ !*+! (/$- & ," &"-" / '" !" '$*/,-" #*--/% 2"&"%@ "%*+/-6 -*"/%6 -*'%*+ &%

+$%" . D"#"*2 & !" #" &( (/$- & ," &"-".

. O#" !" '"*2' (&% !" (/$- &"- #%&+"'' , &$,-" +-*+*2 & !" #%&+"'' * !" P%&+"'' D*/2%/. U'" !" "(/$- '"*2'. H&""%6 !" (/$- &"- '!&$- %"#%"'" !" *#$ // #%&#"%-. N&" !" &#*& & "<" !" K" P*--/%' /,&" !" 2*" * #&* / ,"-& !" 2*" /< #&* &( !" *#$ //. Y&$ +/ +&%&- !& (/% P*--/%' /%" "<"".

/. C-*+ & !" Set Seect0$ic1 mode *+& * !" F$+*& ,/% 

0. I !" 3D *& '"-"+ /-- (/$- #&-2&' !/ "'+%*," &" (/$- , +-*+*2 & !" ( /$- #&-2&' / & !" S!*( K".

1. C-*+ & !" Create %auts %rom po#!ons *+& * !" F$+*& ,/% & 2""%/" K" P*--/%' /-&2 !" '"-"+" #&-2&'.

. T!" " (/$- !/' ,"" /" $"% !" F/$- (&-"% * !" M&"- /, &( P"%"- E<#-&%"% / +/--" F/$- 1. Y&$ +/ +!/2" !" /" & / &%" /##%&#%*/" /" , +-*+*2 *+" & !" F/$- 1 / +!/2*2 !" /" $"% !" I(& /, &( !" *& !/ #&#' $#.

(5)

Comments

U'" /' (" '!/#" #&*' /' #&''*,-" & "'+%*," !" '!/#" &( !" (/$-. A-'& &" !" &#*& & '" !" *+%"" * &( !" K" P*--/%' * !" '"*2' (&% (/$- &"-*2 #%&+"''. F""%  / '*#-"% K" P*--/%' "/' -"'' "**2 / &(" (""% #%&,-"' !" P*--/% G%**2.

C' Eit 3e, 4illars

T!" F/$- M&"-*2 / !"+" "**2 &( K" P*--/%' *' / "% *#&%/ '"# * /*2 / /++$%/" / %"-*/,-" P"%"- &"-. T!" K" P*--/%' '!&$- "'+%*," !" (/$- #-/"' /' "(*" , !" *#$ //. I *' #&''*,-" ,&! & "* & / +&#-"" (/$-6 / '*2-" K" P*--/% &% / '!/#" #&* * 6 Y / ? *%"+*&'6 !*+! /"' !" "**2 & (/$-' "% (-"<*,-".

 A$&/*+/-- +&'%$+" K" P*--/%' /%" &(" /-(&%" / &(" * *' """ & / " P*--/%' & !" " !" &*(*2 !"*% '!/#". U'" !" &&- (&% A*2 P*--/%' / !" " &( (/$- . Y&$ *-- !/" & *'"% K" P*--/%' ,""" "<*'*2 #*--/%' !" / (/$-' '!/#" +&/*' &%" "/*- !/ !" "<*'*2 P*--/% '#/+*2 +/ %"#%"'". E**2 &( '!/#" #&*' /;&% "*%" K" P*--/%' *-- ," %"$*%" & &%" +-&'"- (*  !" *#$ //. T!*' "**2 / %"$*%" /*2 &%" '!/#" #&*' & !" #*--/% & /+!*"" !" "'*%" (&%. A-- K" P*--/%' * / (/$- & "+"''/%*- "" !" '/" $,"% &( '!/#" #&*'.

E$ercise *teps

+. E**2 *' &" * / 3D *&.

2. T!" (/$-' :K" P*--/%') & ," "*" $' ," *'#-/". Y&$ / / & &- *'#-/ &- / (" (/$-' !" "**2 &% !" #"%(&%*2 #/%*+$-/% "**2 '"#'.

-. W!" "**26 *'#-/ //*-/,-" *#$ // & $'" /' / 2$*". B" '$%" !/ !" (/$- #&-2&' &% &!"% // $'" & +%"/" !" P*--/%' /%" *'*,-" * !" 3D *&.

. I *' "/'*"% & '"" / "* (/$-' !" !" #-/" ,""" K" P*--/%' *' (*--" *! +&-&%. T& & !*'6 +-*+ & !" o!!e %i  *+&. B" //%" !/ * / ," &%" *((*+$- & '"-"+

*"' , +-*+*2 !" !" +&-&% (*-- *' $%" &.

/. T!" &&- $'" (&% &*2 #&*' / -*"' * P"%"- *' !" *2". W!" &$ !/" '"-"+" / K" P*--/% , +-*+*2 & &" &( !" '!/#" #&*' !" *2" *-- /##"/%. I +&'*'' &( / #-/" / / +-*"%. C-*+ & !" #-/" & "* * / #-/" &%/- & !" +-*"% / +-*+ & !" +-*"%  & "* /-&2 !" /2" &( !" +-*"%. Y&$ !/" & ," * !" Seect0$ic1 mode & '"-"+ / '!/#" #&*. T!" *2" *' *'#-/" & !" %*2!.

0. P%"'' !" -"( &$'" ,$& & !" *2" / &" !" K" P*--/% &% !" S!/#" P&*.

1. M/" '$%" !" ove aon! ine tan!ent on#  &&- *' /+*". T!*' &&- -**' !" &"" & !" /2" &( !" K" P*--/% / * *' / "% *$**" / &( "**2 !" K" P*--/%'. S" (*2$%" ,"-&.

(6)

. T& '"-"+ &- &" '!/#" #&* /" '$%" !" Seect shape point  *+& *' /+*".

5. T& '"-"+ / "*%" K" P*--/% /" !" Seect piar  *+& /+*". I( &$ +-*+ & !" -*" ,""" K" P*--/%' /-- '!/#" #&*' / !/ -""- *-- ," '"-"+" :*( &$ !/" !" S"-"+ '!/#" #&* *+& /+*").

+6. I( &$ +-*+ & !" -*" ,""" K" P*--/%' !*-" !/*2 !" S"-"+ #*--/% *+& /+*"6 /-- K" P*--/%' *-- ," '"-"+". T& '"-"+ &- / (" K" P*--/%;'!/#" #&*'6 +-*+ & !&'" !/ &$ / & '"-"+ !*-" #%"''*2 !" '!*( ".

++. C!"+ !" (/$- &"- , *'#-/*2 !" &# / ,/'" !&%*8&' !/ /-- K" P*--/%' (&% !" (/$-' /%" * +&%%"+ #&'**& *! !" +&%%"+ *#. I( &6 "* !" /' "'+%*," /,&".

Comment

W!" (**'!" "**2 !" K" P*--/%' '!&$- !/" / '&&! %/'**& * ? (%& K" P*--/% & K" P*--/% * / (/$-. T!" K" P*--/%' * !" (/$-' '!&$- "<" /,&" !" &# &( !" &# '$%(/+" / ,"-& !" ,/'" &( !" -&"' '$%(/+".

Continue (uilin# 3e, 4illars from 4ol,#ons

+. R"#"/ !" '"#' "'+%*," /,&" (&% ,$*-*2 K" P*--/%' ( %& #&-2&' / & !"

"+"''/%

"**2. R"","% & ">'"-"+ !" /+*" (/$- !" +%"/*2 / "

&". O!"%*'"6 !" " (/$- *-- ," //+!" & !" #%"*&$' /+*" &".

2. I( & (/$-' /%" "%*/*2 /2/*' "/+! &!"% * !" -/"%/- *%"+*& &$ $' =&* !" , $'*2 !" Connect wo auts *+&6 "'+%*," * !" (&--&*2 '"+*&.

P"%"- I%&$+*& C&$%'" P00 :.7;0) P/2"  H&%*8&1 H&%*8&1 H&%*8& H&%*8& R/2" &( (/$- & "(*" K" P*--/%' K" P*--/%  F/$-

(7)

D' Connect faults

I( / (/$- *' %$+/" , /&!"% (/$- * !" !&%*8&/- *%"+*&6 * MUST ," +&"+" & !/ &!"%  (/$-. T!*' "/' !/ / +&& K" P*--/% ,""" !" & (/$-' $' ," "(*". Y&$ +/ "*!"% $'" / K" P*--/% !/ /-%"/ "<*'' / "* * *& / #&'**& '& !/ * ( *' ,&! (/$- #-/"'6 &% &$ +/ / / " K" P*--/% ,""" & "<*'*2 P*--/%' / $'" !/ /' !" +&&;+&"+" K" P*--/%.

R"","% !/ !" #$%#&'" &( /*2 K" P*--/%' *' & 2" / "(***& &( !" (/$- #-/". T!" K" P*--/%' +/ ," &%*"" * / *%"+*& /' -&2 /' !" #%"'"%" !" *# &( !" (/$- #-/".

S/" &$% P"%"- #%&="+ ,"(&%" '/%*2 !*' /+** . Y&$ +&$- "" /" / +&# &( !" &"- '& !/ *( !*2' 2" "''" $# *! / (/$- &$ !/" / +&# & %"#-/+" !" #%&,-" *!. C&# / &"- =$' -*" &$ & / (*-"@ '"-"+ !" &"- / #%"'' Ctr C 7 Ctr 8.

&* /-- !" (/$-' !/ '!&$- *"%'"+ &" /&!"%. R"","% & "* !" K" P*--/%' !/ /%" & ,"  =&*"

E$ercise *teps" Connect faults

+. C!&&'" !" & (/$-' & +&"+. M/" '$%" !/ !" "%*+/- "<"'*& &( !" & +&"+*2 K" P*--/%' *' (/*%- '**-/% '& !/ !" =&* *!&$ '*2*(*+/ +&&%*& &( !" '$,&%*/" (/$-.

2. ?&& * & !" /%"/ !"%" !" & (/$-' /%" & ," +&"+"

-. S"-"+ !" & K" P*--/%' &$ / & +&"+ $'*2 !" Seect0$ic1 ode *+& / !" S!*( K".

(8)

. C-*+ & !" Connect wo auts *+& / "(*" !& &$ / & +&"+ !".

E$ercise *teps" Disconnect faults

T!" $& ,$& &"' & &% (&% +&"+" K" P*--/%'6 *'+&"+ !" *'"/. +. S"-"+ !" & K" P*--/%' !/ '!&$- ," *'+&"+"

2. C-*+ & !" 'isconnect %aut   *+&

E$ercise *teps" Create branc!e an crossin# faults

+. S"-"+ !" K" P*--/% !"%" &$ / !" +%&''*2 &% ,%/+!*2 (/$- & ," ***/" (%&.

2. C-*+ & "*!"% !" Branched auts *+& &% !" Crossin! auts *+& & 2""%/" / " (/$-.

-. C&*$" ,$*-*2 !" " ,%/+!" &% +%&''*2 (/$- , /*2 " K" P*--/%' &% "%2" * *! / "<*'*2 &".

Comments

• F&% (/$-' !/ +&"+ / / /2-" * !" "%* +/- '"'"6 * *' /-'&

*#&%/ & % & '&&! !" K" P*--/%' ,"(&%" +&"+*2 !".

•  A-- (/$-' *"%'"+*2 "/+! $' ," #%&#"%- +&"+" ,"+/$'" !"

2%**2 #%&+"'' *-- $'" !" (/$-' (&% 2$**2 !" 2%**2 -*"'.

(9)

E' Create faults usin# selecte fault stic7s

F/$- '*+' /%" 2""%/" * P"%"- &% /&!"% '"*'*+ &% '/*&. T!"'" '*+' %"#%"'" !" (/$- '$%(/+" / /%" +&"%" & K" P*--/%' * !*' "<"%+*'".

E$ercise *teps

+. F%& !" I#$ T/, *'#-/ !" (/$- '*+' * !" F&% C%"/" (%& '"-"+" FS (&-"%. 2. S"-"+ J"%*+/-6 L*"/%6 L*'%*+ &% C$%" P*--/%' "#"*2 & !" #" &( (/$- &$ /%"

&"-*2.

-. C-*+ & !" Set Seect0$ic1 mode *+& * !" F$+*& ,/%.

. S"-"+ '&" &( !" (/$- '*+' & / (/$- , +-*+*2 & !" (/$- '*+ / !" Shi%t "e#.

/. C-*+ & !" Create %auts %rom seected %aut stic1s  *+& * !" F$+*& ,/% & 2""%/" K" P*--/%' /-&2 !" '"-"+" (/$- '*+'.

0. O+" &$ !/" +%"/" !" K" P*--/%' (&% / " (/$-6 & !" "+"''/% "**2 / , (&--&*2 !" '"#' /' "'+%*," $"% !" "<"%+*'"' /,&".

1. C&"+ !" (/$-' !"%" "+"''/%. . C&*$" &"-*2 !" (/$-' * !" (&-"%.

F' Create faults from all fault stic7s

I *' #&''*,-" & '"-"+ !" "*%" '" &( (/$- '*+' %"#%"'"*2 &" (/$- / /" P"%"- $'" ""% ! (/$- '*+ /' *#$. T!*' *' / (/' /##%&/+! ,$ * %"$*%"' !/ !" (/$- '*+ /%" %"#%"'"/*" &( !" (/$-6 *.". & & +&/* -&' &( &*'".

E$ercise *teps

+. F%& !" I#$ T/, *'#-/ !" (/$- '*+' * !" F&% C%"/" (%& FS (&-"%.

2. S"-"+ J"%*+/-6 L*"/%6 L*'%*+ &% C$%" P*--/%' "#"*2 & !" #" &( (/$- &$ /%"

&"-*2 .

-. C-*+ & !" Set Seect0$ic1 mode *+& * !" F$+*& ,/%.

. S"-"+ &( !" (/$- '*+' & / (/$- , +-*+*2 & !" (/$- '*+. M/" '$%" !" P"%"- E<#-&%"%  *#$ /, *' &#" / +&(*% !/ !" (/$- &$ !/" +-*+" & * !" 3D *& *'

(10)

G' Automatic #eneration of faults

S& (/% !" (/$- '*+' !/" ,"" 2""%/" &" , &". I !*' "<"%+*'" &$ *-- -"/% !& & /$&/*+/-- +%"/" K" P*--/%' (%& /-- '"' &( (/$- '*+' * / (&-"% * !" P"%"- E<#-&%"% I#$ /,.

E$ercise *teps

+. C&"% &" '" &( (/$- '*+' & K" P*--/%'

a. I P"%"- E<#-&%"% (* !" (/$- '*+' (&-"% +/--" F&% C&"% & (/$-. O#" !"

(&-"% / %*2! +-*+ & &" &( !" (/$- '*+'. S"-"+ C&"% & (/$-:') (%& !" /##"/%*2 #$-->& "$.

b. N&" !" " (/$- * !" 3D *& / $"% !" (/$- (&-"% $"% !" &"-.

2. T!*' &#"%/*& +/ ," #"%(&%" (&% /-- (/$- '*+' * / (&-"%

a. T& /&* &$,-" '"' &( (/$-'6 "-"" !" (/$- +%"/" /,&" , '"-"+*2 !" !&-"

(/$- * !" 3D *& &% /%*2 * * !" &"-' /, &( P"%"- E<#-&%"% / !" #%"'' "-"".

b. R*2! +-*+ & !" (&-"% +/--" F&% C&"% & (/$-. S"-"+ C&"% & (/$-:') (%&

!" /##"/%*2 #$-->& "$.

-. C&*$" &*2 !" "+"''/% "**2 &( K" P*--/%' /' "'+%*," /,&". . C&"+ (/$-' !"%" "+"''/%.

(11)

)' Optional E$ercises

Automatic A8ustment of 3e, 4illars

I *' #&''*,-" & /=$' /-- !" K" P*--/%' /$&/*+/-- , +$*2 !" &% "<"*2 !" %"-/*" & / '$%(/+" &% / +&'/ /-$". S*+" * *' #&''*,-" & "* /-- !" K" P*- -/%' /$/--6 / '*+" /$/- "**2 *-- /-/' ," "+"''/%6 !" /$&/*+ %**2 &( K" P*--/%' ($+*&/-* !/' ,"" *+-$" /' / &#*&/- "<"%+*'" &-.

I( !" K" P*--/%' /%" %*" , / '$%(/+" !" !*' '$%(/+" '!&$- ," '&&!. I !" +/'" &( !" G$--(/' #%&="+6 !" B/'" C%"/+"&$' '$%(/+" *' / 2&& +/*/" & ," $'" (&% %**2 '*+" !*' *' / &>(/$-" '$%(/+". I !" "<"%+*'" ,"-& &- !" &# S!/#" P&*' *-- ," %*". I( !" ,/'" S!/#" P&*' '!&$- ," %*" /' "--6 !" / +&# +&$- ," /" &( T&# E*" '$%(/+"6 !" !*' +&#*" '$%(/+" +&$- ," '&&!" & %"&" &' &( !" '%$+$%" :,$ ""# !" 2""%/-*#) / '!*(" &/%' '& !/ * *' ""#"% !/ !" "*%" T&# E*" '$%(/+".

E<"%+*'" S"#'

+. D*'#-/ /-- !" 2""%/" K" P*--/%' &2"!"% *! !" B/'" C%"/+"&$' '$%(/+" 2. R*2!>+-*+ & !" F/$- M&"-*2 #%&+"'' :* !" P%&+"'' */2%/)

-. G& & !" O#"%/*&' /,

. S"-"+ !" B/'" C%"/+"&$' '$%(/+" * !" P"%"- E<#-&%"% I#$ /, :+-*+ & !" /" & /" * ,&-)6 &22-" & T&# -** / +-*+ & !" ,-$" /%%&. F*-- * !" &!"% &#*&' /' !" (*2$%" '!&'.

/. C-*+ & !" E<"+$" ,$&. 0. O,'"%" !/ /-- !" K" P*--/%' *-- ," +$ , &%  "<"" & !" B/'" C%"/+"&$' -""-6

(12)

Di#iti9e 3e, 4illars usin# 2D structure #ri

K" P*--/%' +/ ," +%"/" , *2**8*2 !" >Y -&+/*&' &( '!/#" #&*' / +/#$%*2 !"*% ?> /-$" (%& / D '%$+$%" 2%*. N&%/-- !" !*2!"' '%$+$%" 2%* *' $'" & +%"/" !" '!/#" #&*' (&% !" &# &( !" P*--/%' / !" -&"' '%$+$%" 2%* & +%"/" !" '!/#" #&*' / !" ,/'" &( !" P*--/%'.

E<"%+*'" S"#'

+. D*'#-/ * !" 3D *& !" &# D '$%(/+" 2%* :T&# T/%,"%) / !" /-%"/ ,$*- K" P*--/%'.

2. ?&& * & &" &( !" ,*2 (/$-' !/ &"' & !/" / K" P*--/% ,$*- (&% * ". -. R"&" !" &!"% K" P*--/%' ( %& !" *'#-/.

. D*2**8" !" &# '!/#" #&*' (&% !" K" P*--/%' $'*2 !"  -dd new piar )# one point  *+&. R"","% & '#/+" !" P*-- /%' /' (/% /#/% /' #&''*,-" !*-" '*-- +/#$%*2 !" +$%/$%" &( !" (/$-.

/. D*'#-/ * !" 3D *& !" ,/'" D '$%(/+" 2%* :E*").

0. D*2**8" !" ,/'" '!/#" #&*' (&% !" K" P*--/%' $'*2 !" '/# !" '"-"+" '!/#" #&* "!&. A+*" !" Snap the seected shape point  *+& !" &&-,/%. I !" 3D *& +-*+ & / ,/'" '!/#" #&* / '/# * & !" ,/'" '$%(/+" , +-*+*2 & *.

1. C&*$" $*- /-- ,/'" '!/#" #&*' !/" ,"" '/##" & !" '$%(/+". D*'#-/ !" 2%*' & $/-* +&%&- !" %"'$-.

. E* / +&"+ !" (/$-'. T!" &# '!/#" #&*' "" & ," "<"" /,&" !" B/'" C%"/+"&$' '$%(/+".

(13)

C&"

O!"% // +/ ," $'" & *2**8" !" K" P*--/%'. I *' #&''*,-" & *2**8" !" K" P*--/%' *%"+- * !" '"*'*+ *"%#%" 3D -*"'.

Di#iti9e 3e, 4illars on a #eneral intersection

F/$-' +/ ," *2**8" *%"+- & / '"+*&6 +$*2  !%&$2! !" &"-. S$+! / *"%'"+*&6 +/--" / 2""%/- *"%'"+*& * P"%"-6 +/ ," &%*"" * / *%"+*& * 3D / &" !%&$2! !" &"-. T!*' *' / "!& !/ *-- #*+/-- ," $'" *( (/$- '*+' &% (/$- #&-2&' & & "<*'.

E<"%+*'" S"#'

+. D*'#-/ ".2. !" &# E*" '$%(/+" / /-- !" (/$- * !" (/$- &"-. F* / (/$- & %"#%"'"" , / (/$- &"-.

2. D*'#-/ / G""%/- *"%'"+*& * !" 3D *& / &" !" 2""%/- *"%'"+*& #"%#"*+$-/% & !*' (/$-.

-. D*'#-/ /-- !" '$%(/+"' & !" *"%'"+*& $'*2 !" Ena)e0disa)e to!!in! o% visuai/ation on intersection pane  *+&.

. I !" P"%"- E<#-&%"% M&"- /,6 "'$%" !/ & &!"% (/$- *' /+*" * !" &"-.

/. S"-"+ #" &( #*--/% .

0. D*2**8" !" K" P*--/%' , $'*2 !" -dd new $iar  *+&. P"%"- *-- 2""%/" / " (/$- * !" F/$- &"-.

1. M&" !" *"%'"+*& & '/% *2**8*2 /&!"% K" P*--/% & !" '/" (/$-.

. C&*$" & &" !" *"%'"+*& / *2**8*2 K" P*- -/%' $*- / (/$- !/' ,"" +%"/".

C&"

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