dcs training-basic

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Historical Perspective

•

• 1959: TRW, RW300 computer, refinery control, 72 temperature,1959: TRW, RW300 computer, refinery control, 72 temperature,

3 pressure, 26 flow sensors

•

• 1962: ICI, Ferranti computer, 129 valves, 224 sensors1962: ICI, Ferranti computer, 129 valves, 224 sensors

•

• 1963: NASA, flight control system1963: NASA, flight control system

•

• 1968: PDP (DEC), HP 2100, Data\ General Nova (MSI, LSI):1968: PDP (DEC), HP 2100, Data\ General Nova (MSI, LSI):

interrupt based systems, real-time clock, RTOS

•

• 1970+: VLSI, microcomputers, sensors miniaturization1970+: VLSI, microcomputers, sensors miniaturization

•

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computer systems

Computer System

Batch type Interactive type

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Interactive Systems

•It takes, process inputs

•Processes with prescribed program acts on

interventions / interrupts

• Issues desired Output .

•The programming takes Care of the process behavior

and patterns

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Interactive systems

Interactive

system (real-time, reactive, embedded )

Soft real time

Statistical

Information for supervision only/ Info only.

"Hard real-time"

Where the information is processed in definite time frame with

intentions to regulate the process.

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Soft real-time system

Example :. time sharing system of A statististical multiplexor

Terminal

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Definition:

hard real-time , event driven,

embedded, process driven .

• real-time : "(A) Pertaining to the actual time during which a physical process transpires. (B) Pertaining to the performance of a computation

during the actual time that the related physical process transpires in order that the results of the computation can be used in guiding the physical process" [The IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical an

Electronic Terms].

• real-time system: Any system in which the time at which the output is produced is significant. This is usually because the inputs

corresponds to some movement in the physical world and the output has to relate to that same movement. The lag from input time to

outout time must be sufficiently small for acceptable timeliness. [The Oxford Dictionary of Computing]

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Watchdog timer

• The function of watchdog timeris to ensure that the controller receives the input signals at desired frequency or sampling rate .

• If the signal is not received in defined time frame it issues interrupt command to stop issuing output to process to avoid damage due to loss of communication.

• Some time it de links controller from process ( Trip to manual/ Timed out

warning ) and keeps thee system in safe mode or status quo.

processor Watchdog Timer Input (t) Output Controller Interlock / interrupts

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Definition RTOS

A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an

operating system that guarantees a certain

capability within a specified time constraint.

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•It is easy to confuse multitasking with multithreading, a somewhat different idea.

•In a computer operating system, multitasking is allowing a user to perform more than one computer task (such as the operation of an

application program) at a time.

•The operating system is able to keep track of where you are in these tasks and go from one to the other without losing information.

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Reference model

• Conceptual Realtime

system has physical

process whichworks in

real time manner and it

has inputs and outputs

sent to RT for

computation.

Reference RTS output RTS input Process RTS Inputs Outputs

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Function Wise

• Open loop

• Data acquisition :Collection od Data with Time

stampings.

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Open loop

• Open Loopm controls is

unidirectional an • It either ..

– reads or

– Writes back to process

Reference

RTS output RTS input

Process

RTS

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Data acquisition

• Only RTS inputs

considered

_Reference RTS output RTS input Process RTS Inputs Outputs

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Closed loop

Closed loop control System has following components

•Input •Output

•Reference or Set Point

•Desired Control characteristic or program Reference RTS output RTS input Process RTS Inputs Outputs

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Real Time Events

• Time Domain:

– Continuous Time related

– Random and irregular

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Type of event patterns

• periodic pattern:

cyclic pattern, with a fixed period

• bounded: next event cannot occur before a given amount of time after a previous event (interarrival time)

• bursty: events may occur arbitrarily close toe each other, but there is a bound on the number of events

(burst size) that may occur during a specified burst interval

Event period Event

Interarrival time

Burst interval

No. of events = burst size Event

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Events 2

• Irregular: interarrival

intervals are not constant but are known before the event occurs

• Unbounded: an arbitrary number of events can arrive during any given time

window; characterization by a distribution function t1 t2 t3 t4 Distribution function Probability Interarrival time Interarrival time

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RTS- Architecture

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Structure of RTS - Hardware Controller

• It consists of fillowing functional controllers

– Operating softwre

– Communication facilities (Bus or Local Area Networking ) – Input / Output subsystem

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Structure of RTS software

• Operating system

• Application tasks

application tasks hardware operating system application tasks physical proces External events RTS-software

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Role of RTS software

• Communication with the environment is defined in terms of external events: Application Tasks must react to these events;

• The responsibility of OS: execution of tasks in accordance to external events and prescribed schedule;

• Operating System = software (hardware) to facilitate execution of application programs (tasks);

• Tasks request services from the OS (make calls to OS). These are internal events. Examples: activate task, stop task perform a

communication, etc.

• Functions of OS: resource management (processor, memory, peripherals, data);

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RTOS

• OS-resource management + events handling,

• under constraints (predefined time limits);

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RTOS activities: uniprocessor system

cycle EventHandling; TaskDispatching endcycle; or

cycle EventHandling endcycle; or

cycle TaskDispatching endcycle; TaskDispatching: Making a task run

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On a uniprocessor system only one task may run a the same time; Scheduling looks at time constraints and decides which task must run;

cycle

EventHandling; Scheduling; TaskDispatching endcycle;

Before a task can be dispatched (assigned to run) the resources i.e. memory must be assigned to it:

cycle

EventHandling; Scheduling; MemoryManagement; Assign; endcycle;

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Summary

• Main activities

– Event Handling

– Scheduling

– Memory Management

– Assignment

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Scheduling issues

• Ordering of task executions,

• Assignment of tasks to processors,

• Security,

• Protection,

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Memory management issues

• Virtual memory

• Swapping of tasks

• Sharing of memory (synchronisation, communication)

• ROM, RAM, Hard disks

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File management issues

• Standard file operations

• Event handling (device management) issues:

– Physical process interfacing – Interfacing of devices

– Interfacing of non-standard devices

– Absence of disk -> debugging, development – Host-target approach

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Implementation of RTOS

• Small executive implements a number of basic OS

functions

• More complex OS-functions are implemented as special (High / Low priority,

memory management) tasks • The interface to OS is

formed by System Calls Hardware

Executive (or kernel)

System task_{System task}

System calls interface

RTOS

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Distributed Operating Systems

• Distributed OS control a netwerk

of communicating computers;

• Tasks running on the different

controllers (computers) have a identical / similar view of the system (Single image)

• Distributed OS hides the

complexity of the distributed

hardware to the tasks / programmer

Controller HW Controller HW

communication network

Distributed Operating System

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Implementation of Distributed OS

• Interceptor: distinguishes between local and global

operation

• Global executive: coordinate global system calls

• Local part: executes local Local Executive (or kernel)

Communication hardware

Computation hardware

Application task _{Application task}

system call interceptor and emulator

Global executive task

System task_{System task}

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Type of processors

•Microcomputers

•Programmable logic controllers

• Parallel or Multi Processors on a single board /

platform ( Client - Sever architecture)

•Processing through multiple processors through

Networking.

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Some examples - Foxboro

Foxboro SPEC 200; Philips PCS 8000;

Sensors, Actuators Controller Displays Operators Physical Process S/A

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Some examples - TDC 2000, TDC 3000

Field Termination ssembly IOP FTA UCN I/O Link INDEPENDENT PROCESSING _{M u l t i - p r o c e s s o r} architecture provides guaranteed control performance. « No I/O capacity tradeoffs « No communication tradeoffs « Point execution in configured intervals « Intelligent I/O processors « Extensive diagnostics Comm. 68040 I/O Link Control 68040 C o m m o n B o a r d Field iring I n t e l l i g e n t I/O P r o c e s s o r s (up to 40) E l e c t r i c a l C o n d i t i o n i n g a n d I s o l a t i o n

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DI STRI BU TED CONTROL SYSTEM

(DCS)

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• DCS is abbreviation for Distributed Control System

• As is apparent from the abbreviation, the word ‘Distributed’ supports following functionality’s

– Physical Distribution - Nodes or Subsystems can be Distributed i.e located physically apart

– Functional Distribution - Specific Functionality is imparted for a Node basing on the combination of hardware and software used. For e.g Application work-processor with Historian, Application work-processor with control configuration software

– Structural Distribution - Different Structural hardware platforms (Application Workstation processor, Workstation processor, Control processor etc.) are used to achieve the required functionality.

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• For Total Plant Automation • For Higher Productivity

• For Optimal Process Control • For Advance Process Control • For Regulatory Compliance

• For Management Information System • In Tune With Global Requirement

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Information Processing

Management Production report, Inventory report, Information & application Specific consumption report, Yield and Accounting reports and Variance reports Quality insurance reports ( LIMS) Env

and pollution related Reports Information Management & reporting

Historians - Trends, Event recorders Disturbance recorders

Optimisation Advance Process Control Hazop/ Risk Management Emergency Shutdown Systems Alarm, Monitoring, Control, Regulator ON-OFF, Interlocks Start-up Permissive Trips

FIELD : Transmitters & field devices -Distributed Control System

Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition System Programmable Logic Controllers Control System Safety Optimisation Information Enterprise Business

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Distributed processing implies that processing will occur on more than one processor in order for a transaction to be completed.

In other words, processing is distributed across two or more machines and the processes are most likely not running at the same time, i.e.

each process performs part of an application in a sequence.

Often the data used in a distributed processing environment is also distributed across platforms.

The distribution of applications and business logic

across multiple processing platforms

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Basic Building Blocks

•

• The constitutiThe constitution of DCon of DCS can be S can be broadly divbroadly divided in to ided in to threethree

parts

–

– Front End presentation or Front End presentation or

•

• MMI - ( Man Machine Interface )MMI - ( Man Machine Interface )

•

• GUI GUI Graphical Graphical User User InterfaceInterface

- Operator Graphics

–

– Control AlgorithmControl Algorithms and s and Logic.Logic.

•

• Add Subtract, PID, ON-OFF Add Subtract, PID, ON-OFF, AND, OR , , AND, OR , NAND , NAND , etc.etc.

– – CommunicationCommunication • • Star Star • • Ring Ring •

• Linear Bus Linear Bus

•

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Basic Building Blocks Platforms

–

Hewlett Packard

: ABB

–

IBM AS 400 : Honeywell, Yokogawa

–

Sun

Sparc

series

30

30 -

-

80

80 :

:

Foxboro

–

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Basic Building Blocks Operating Systems

–

HP Unix

-

ABB

–

Sun Solaris - Foxboro

–

Ultrix/ OS 2 - Honeywell

–

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Types of databases

• Flat file

• Hierarchical data bases

– Parent Child relation ship

• Relational databases – Oracle

– Ingress – Informix

– Developer 2000

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Basic Building Blocks - Control Languages

– Basic

– Pascal

– C, C++

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Basic Building Blocks - Control algorithms

– Analog Input / Output Block

– PID Block / Auto tune PID block – Digital Input/Output Block

– Calculation Block / Advance Calculation Block – Characterizer Block

– Comparison blocks - Less than.More than, Equal to. – Switch blocks

– Data blocks / memory blocks – Sequence blocks

– Mathematical block – General Device Block

– Programmable Logic Block

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Communication

Network Topologies Physical Logical Star Ring Linear Bus Star Wired Ring Tree Ethernet Token Ring FDDI ATM

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Communication

802.3: Established the new standard for a LAN that features a Carrier Sense, Multiple Access with Collision Detection

(CSMA/CD). This "new" LAN is properly referred to as CSMA/CD, but is more commonly known as "Ethernet."

802.4: Defined a physical layer standard for a bus topology LAN with a token-passing media access method. This LAN is called

Token B us and can operate at 1, 2, 5, or 10Mbps.

802.5: Established the standards for Token Ring's access methods and physical signaling techniques.

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DI STRI BU TED CONTROL SYSTEM

(DCS)

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DCS Design Basis

 The entire design has followed the federal constitution of our country with nominal head and small assisting team like core group at the top.

 Network architecture design is such that, it is functionally, geographically and administratively well distributed to have total stability at any point of time.

 The DCS design architecture is distributed for:

 Different business processes.

 Work Breakdown Structure

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 Modular design

 Ease of erection, commissioning and distributed operation

independent of the Refinery wide LAN.

 Extensive use of Fiber Optic:

 Since the entire network is distributed over 50 Sq. Km of area

having different earthing resistance for different soils (Rocky to Marine ), Fiber Optic cable external to the building is used

extensively to facilitate distributed and local grounding of equipments to..

 Avoid loop currents  Ground currents

 Parasitic effect of noises like RFI, EMI and cross talks.

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DCS Design Basis

 Taking care of limitations of hardware, network and software.

 All the six systems are connected through PIN for site wide integration

of information.

 Real- time data exchange among all the systems using Modbus device integrators.

 Minimum communication load on LAN.

 Each plant can be started and shutdown independently.  Expandability of the System at every level .

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DCS Design Basis

 Ease of Software upgradation at node level without disturbing complex wide operation.

 Control I/Os, respective control processor and respective operator stations are on the same node, thereby minimizing the traffic on LAN and maximizing the availability of the system for operation.

 RTF, RRTF and Marine Terminal systems are kept on the same LAN for the purpose of ease of data transfer for

TIS/OMIS/BOSS applications.

 Redundancy at all level - be it processors, communication or power supplies.

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DCS Design Basis

 Emergency Shutdown Systems are integrated with DCS and Human Interface from DCS.

 All third party packages are integrated with the system through redundant serial link to achieve a single point operation from DCS i.e 100% measurements parameters are monitored and controlled from single point.

 Remote diagnosis from Foxboro, USA, Holland or Singapore using dial-up networking / ISDN.

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DCS Design Basis

 Building Block Technology:

 The processing is confined within at cell (CP) level so as peer to

peer communication between the processors within the node bus and across nodebus is minimized. This is achieved by means of:

Proper distribution of the tags in the FBMs.

Allocations of loops within CPs.

Allocation of units at the nodebus level.

Allocation of Operator stations for specific nodebuses.

 Provision of hook up for APC application, Optimizer and any third party application software at any stage of time.

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DCS Design Basis

 Plant Information Network is used for integrating information from

Refinery, Aromatics, MTF, CPP, PP and Port Operations.

 PIN is implemented using fast Ethernet 10/100 mbps Cisco switches and routers.

 PIN is used for following.

 INI51 for connecting two systems.

 X-Window for interplant graphics transfer among all six systems.

 X-Window anywhere on PCs connected to Reliance WAN.

 Integration with third party application like Infoplus.21.

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DI STRI BU TED CONTROL SYSTEM

(DCS)

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• ASEA BROWN BOWERI - ABB • TATA HONEYWEL

• FOXBORO - INVENSYS

• YOKOGOWA BLUE STAR - YBL • ALLEN BRADLEY

• GE FANUC

• FISHER ROSEMOUNT • TOSHIBA

(62)

DCS INSTALLATIONS AT RELIANCE

JG HZ PG BARODA NC GANDHAR

ASEA BROWN BOWERI - ABB TATA HONEYWEL

FOXBORO - INVENSYS

YOKOGAWA BLUE STAR - YBL SIEMENS

GE FANUC

FISHER PROVOX TOSHIBA

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Honeywell DCS System Architecture

Uniformance Applications Server Remote GUS Display Uniformance Desktop TPS Builder

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ABB DCS System Architecture

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (IMS) OPERATOR STATION ( OS ) ENGINEERING STATION ( ES ) DUAL DCN RING RING 0 RING 1 Advant Controller 460 C Controller SC Controller

(67)

ABB DCS System Architecture

Distributed Communication Network (DCN)

 Total Nodes per Ring 29  Total Nodes/Network 255  Total Rings/Network 85

 Maximum end-to-end length/Ring 14 miles/ring  Maximum distance between two active nodes 5280 ft* wire  Fiber-optic 10,000 ft

(68)

ABB DCS System Architecture

Typical Schematic Diagram For Information Flow

JB TB B/R TRIO CSS OS JB TB B/R TRIO CSS From TX CONTROL ROOM F I E L D To O/P

JB = JUNCTION BOX TRIO = TAYLOR REMOTE I/O TB = TERMINATION BOX CSS = CONTROL SUB SYSTEM B/R = BYPASS RELAY OS = OPERATOR STATION

(69)

FOXBORO I/A Series DCS System Architecture

I/A Series Fieldbus

Fieldbus Module Digital Field Link

Intelligent & Conventional

Field Devices Fieldbus Cards

L B U G Foxboro L B U G XXX F o x bo r oF o xb o r o F o x b or o F o x b or oF o xb o r o F o x b or oF o xb o roF o x bo r o F o x b or oF o x bo r oF o xb o r o F o x b o roF o xb o r oF o xb o ro Foxboro XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX F o xb or oFoxboroF ox bo r o F o xb or o XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXX Foxboro IEEE 1118 A brief Introduction

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I/A Series Fieldbus

Fieldbus Module

Digital Field Link

Intelligent & Conventional Field Devices

FOXBORO I/A Series DCS System Architecture

Fieldbus Cards L B U G Foxboro L B U G XXX F o x bo r oF o x bo r oF o xb o r o F o xb o r o F o x b o roF o x bo r o F o x b or oF o xb o r o F o x bo r o F o x b o roF o xb o roF o xb o r o F o x bo r oF o x bo r o Foxboro XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX F o xb or oFoxboroF ox bo r o F o xb or o XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXX Foxboro

I/A Series Nodebus

Application Processor (AW - 51) Control Processor (CP - 40) Workstation Processor (WP - 51) Device Integrator ( DI,MG 30 ) Communications Processor COM 10 Peripherals; B/W & Color Printers, Terminals; FoxWatch

3rd Party Devices e.g. PLC’s, ESD’s RTU’s Scanners Power Plant Scales Tank Farms Analyzers Spectrum

IEEE 1118 IEEE 802.3

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I/A Series Fieldbus

Fieldbus Module

Digital Field Link

Intelligent & Conventional Field Devices

FOXBORO I/A Series DCS System Architecture

Fieldbus Cards L B U G Foxboro L B U G XXX F o x bo r oF o x bo r oF o xb o r o F o xb o r o F o x b o roF o x bo r o F o x b or oF o xb o r o F o x bo r o F o x b o roF o xb o roF o xb o r o F o x bo r oF o x bo r o Foxboro XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX F o xb or oFoxboroF ox bo r o F o xb or o XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXX Foxboro

I/A Series Nodebus

IEEE 1118 IEEE 802.3

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FOXBORO I/A Series DCS System Architecture

Information Network TCP/IP

Computers, Workstations, X-Terminals, PC’s etc

I/A Series Fieldbus

Fieldbus Module

Digital Field Link

Intelligent & Conventional

Field Devices Fieldbus Cards

L B U G Foxboro L B U G XXX F o x bo r oF o x bo r oF o xb o r o F o xb o r o F o x b o roF o x bo r o F o x b or oF o xb o r o F o x bo r o F o x b o roF o xb o roF o xb o r o F o x bo r oF o x bo r o Foxboro XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX F o xb or oFoxboroF ox bo r o F o xb or o XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXX Foxboro

I/A Series Nodebus

IEEE 1118

IEEE 802.4

I/A Series LAN

IEEE 802.3

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(74)

Reliance Jamnagar DCS Architecture

Functions of Equipment installed in PCC’s

System administration and System management (AW51)

File server (AW51)

Human Interface for Plant Operations (WP51)

Alarm management (AW51, WP51)

Interface as Engineering station (AW51)

Information management - Historian and Reports (AW51)

Interface for System Maintenance (AW51, WP51)

Functions of Equipment installed in PIB’s

Interface for process inputs and outputs (FBMs and FBCs)

Process Control (CP40)

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DI STRI BU TED CONTROL SYSTEM

Jamnagar

(76)

DCS SYSTEM RELIANCE JAMNAGAR

Highlights:

 Total nodes across the complex - 41 No.

 LAN Length - 19.6 Km

 Total panels - 1102nos.

 Total I/Os - 182,375 No.  Total Stations - 1367 No.

 Total FBMs - 3307 No.

 Total Serial Links - 270

 Total cost of DCS within complex - 300 crore (approx $60m)plus.

(77)

Reliance Jamnagar DCS Architecture

World’s Longest ever Real-Time Control Network for TMS. World’s Largest System with more then 257 stations in ROS.

The D CS is conf i gur ed as 6 systems as listed below.

 Refinery ( ROS )

 Tank farms ( TMS )

 Captive Power Plant

 Aromatics Plant

 Poly Propylene Plant  Port Operations

Within each system the I/A series node buses are interconnected by Fiber Optic LAN Interface modules.

(78)

Reliance Jamnagar DCS Architecture

Refinery

15 Node System

Refinery PCC, PIB’s 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18

Captive Power Plant 3 Node System

CPP PCC, and MRS 1, 2 Aromatics Plant

6 Node System

ARO PCC, and PIB’s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Poly Propylene Plant

5 Node System

PPP PCC A&B, and PIB’s 24, 25, 34 Port Operations

Single Node System Port PCC

Tank Farms

11 Node System

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OPTION -1

SPLITTING IN TWO NETWORK - AS PER BUSINESS

R1 R2 R 3 R4 R5 R6 R7 F1 F2 F3 F4 U2 13 23 U1 19 M1 27 28 29 21 R8 INI51/HOST AW E1 E1 INI51/HOST AW

REFINERY OPERATIONS SYSTEM

TCP/IP

19A 22

F5 ISSUES:

1. INI51 IS NOT REDUNDANT

2. SEPERATE AWS ARE TO BE PROVIDED ON EITHER SIDE

3. MOVED STATIONES ARE TO BE DELETED FR OM SYSDEF AN D AW S 4. ADD ITIONAL LAN LOADING ON TANK FAR M MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

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MODEBUS RTU MODEBUS ASCII AB DH + IMAC Integrated Industry Solutions BOSS OMIS

TIS _TAS _APC

Open Industrial Standard Plant Information Integration IP.21 LIMS YIELD ACC. DATA RECONS X-Window AIM*Historian RIMS INI51

(81)

Operating System: Sun OS 5.5.1 based on Unix IV

Human Interface: Foxdraw for Graphics Building & Configuration and Foxview for

display of graphics

Alarm Manager – For Current Alarm Summary, Alarm History Display.

ICC – Integrated Control Configurator, provides software blocks for continuos, sequence and lader logic control.

System Configurator – For system configuration of the hardware and software Historian – For collecting sample data for history and trends

Report Writer – For daily, weekly, monthly reports

SMDH – System Management and monitoring

(82)

Engineering Station (Application Workstation AW51B):

Operating system Sun OS runs on AW51B, that is main server for the system and seat on the Nodbus.

All other configuration software likes Historian, ICC, and all advance applications also run on AW51B.

Mainly used for Configuration, System Diagnostic and downloading configuration to all stations configured.

Can be used as Operator station.

(83)

Integrated Control Configuartion:

The Integrated Control Configurator database is the backbone of the I/A Series control subsystem and is the primary means by which real-time process

variables are translated to the DCS environment

The software structure of the Control and I/O (CIO) functions revolve around the "COMPOUND:BLOCK.PARAMETER" concept.

A compound as a group of blocks related to a particular Plant Unit, Equipment, Subsystem etc.

A block is a member of a set of predefined algorithms designed to perform mathematical, logical or boolean operations on one or more values.

Both blocks and compounds have PARAMETERS. Parameters include real-time values and may be used for display, trending and other processing requirements.

(84)

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Human Interface (Operator Work Station):

Operator Work station processor with single or dual CRT, Annunciator Key Board, Trackball and touch screen provide human interface.

The Concept of efficient process control using an operator interface is with the following basic utilities:

Process Graphics

ESD Graphics

Group / Trend Displays Face Plate Overlays Alarm Manager

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Process Graphics:

There are four levels of graphics used in Project. Level – 1: Complex Overview

Level – 2: Plant wide Overview Level – 3: Based on PFDs

Level – 4: Based on P&Ids

In addition to above following are other graphics used for the Project.

Group Display: Group of eight Face plate or four Face plate and four treads. Overlay: Faceplates, Pump START/STOP etc.

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Work Station Access:

Environments

Workstation Processors provide security through access levels for different categories of system users. Password protection can be configured for each environment.

The environments configured for this project are defined in next slide.

(89)

Environment

Environment Access Access Level Level AuthorisationAuthorisation

Field_Op_Env

Field_Op_Env 1 1 Can Can view view displays, displays, Cannot Cannot change change valuesvalues

(SP

(SP, , Output, Auto-Manual etc.),Output, Auto-Manual etc.),

Cannot acknowledge alarms

Ctrl_Rm_Op_Env

Ctrl_Rm_Op_Env 2 2 All All Field_Op_Env Field_Op_Env access, access, Can Can change change valuesvalues

(SP

(SP, Output, Auto-Manual etc.), only , Output, Auto-Manual etc.), only for WPsfor WPs

Can acknowledge alarms, Cannot change alarm limits

Supervisor_Env

Supervisor_Env 3 3 All All Ctrl_Rm_Op_Env Ctrl_Rm_Op_Env access, access, only only for for WPsWPs

Can change alarm limits, Can tune controllers,

Cannot access configurators or

Cannot access configurators or maintenamaintenance functionsnce functions

Maint_Engr_Env

Maint_Engr_Env 4 4 All All Supervisor_Env Supervisor_Env access, access, Can Can tune tune controllers,controllers,

Can access configurators and make configuration changes,

Cannot access software management

Soft_Engr_Env

Soft_Engr_Env 5 5 All All Maint_Engr_Env Maint_Engr_Env access,access,

Can access software management to write programs,

Can access Password configurator and change environment

menus

F unctional ity

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Environment

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ESD Graphics:

There are two levels of ESD system graphics:



ESD Overview (Level 1)ESD Overview (Level 1)



ESD ESD Detail Detail (Level (Level 2)2)

Facilities are provided to move from one level to the other and also sideways within

level 2 graphics.

The

The ESD Overview LevelESD Overview Level graphic lists all ESD's in the area and summarises their graphic lists all ESD's in the area and summarises their

statuses. Each plant area has a level 1 ESD graphic.

In

In ESD Detail LevelESD Detail Level graphics, dynamic Cause and Effect information is depicted. graphics, dynamic Cause and Effect information is depicted.

This includes status of the cause and the commanded and actual statuses of the effect

(e.g., valve position, pump status etc.).

F unctional ity

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FoxAnalyst

A separate application for viewing trends is is available in all Operator workstation.

Operator can assign a group of 16 trends in one page and save as a scratch pad.

This application can be opened from pull down menu in operator environment

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Alarm manager

Alarm manager can display alarm information in up to six distinct display windows.

Current Alarm Display ( CAD )

Most Recent Alarm Display ( MRA ) Alarm History Display ( AHD )

Alarm Summary

New Alarm Display ( NEWALM )

Acknowledged Alarm Display ( ACKED )

Unacknowledged / Return-to-normal Alarm Display ( UNACK )

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Historian & Reports:

The Historian collects, stores, processes, and archives process data from the control system to provide data for trends, Statistical Process Control charts, logs, reports, spreadsheets, and application programs. The Historian is a tool for collecting, organizing, and storing data for later retrieval. It contains built-in algorithms for reducing data and provides workstation displays to retrieve and display data . Typical data are process analog and/or digital points.

F u n c t i o n a l i t y

Historian Functions

 Collect process control point samples  Reduced point samples

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