• No results found

Brigham Chapter 21 Solution Manual

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Brigham Chapter 21 Solution Manual"

Copied!
12
0
0

Loading.... (view fulltext now)

Full text

(1)

Forgdurt# Ljg* ltihs ojm mirlvim ltihs gdpyrlnft © 0222 `y Forgdurt# Ljg*

Forgdurt# Ljg* ltihs ojm mirlvim ltihs gdpyrlnft © 0222 `y Forgdurt# Ljg*  Ojswir Ojswir s ojs oj m Wm W dcudcu tldtld js;js; 0? ( ?0? ( ?

Gfoptir 0?

Gfoptir 0?

0?(? M 0?(? M?? 8 -0*221 n 8 9)1 ` 8 2*<1 a8 -0*221 n 8 9)1 ` 8 2*<1 aPEPE 8 9)1 PR8 9)1 PRHH 8 5)1 R8 5)1 R22 8 48 4 a ass 8 a8 aPEPE ! PR! PRHH&`,&`, 8 9) ! 5)&2*<, 8 9) ! 5)&2*<, 8 ?2*=)* 8 ?2*=)* R R22 88 n n a a M M s s ? ? ∐ ∐ 8 8 2*29 2*29 ( ( 2*?2= 2*?2= -0*22 -0*22 8 -7>*2=* 8 -7>*2=* 0?(0 M 0?(0 M?? 8 -0*221 n 8 >)1 ` 8 ?*?1 a8 -0*221 n 8 >)1 ` 8 ?*?1 aPEPE 8 9)1 PR8 9)1 PRHH 8 5)1 R8 5)1 R22 8 48 4 a ass 8 a8 aPEPE ! PR! PRHH&`,&`, 8 9) ! 5)&?*?, 8 9) ! 5)&?*?, 8 ??*5)* 8 ??*5)* R R22 88 n n a a M M s s ? ? ∐ ∐ 8 8 2*2> 2*2> ( ( 2*??5 2*??5 -0*22 -0*22 8 -=7*=6* 8 -=7*=6* 0?(7

0?(7 Dj tfi `osls de tfi ojswirs lj Rrd`cihs 0?(? Dj tfi `osls de tfi ojswirs lj Rrd`cihs 0?(? ojm ojm 0?(0# 0?(0# tfi tfi `lm `lm edr edr iogfiogf sfori sfducm rojni `itwiij -7>*2= ojm -=7*=6*

sfori sfducm rojni `itwiij -7>*2= ojm -=7*=6*

0?(=

0?(= o* ]fi opprdpo* ]fi opprdprloti mlsgdrloti mlsgdujt roti ujt roti riecigts riecigts tfi rlsaljitfi rlsaljiss de tfss de tfi gosf ei gosf ecdwscdws td iqulty ljvistdrs*

td iqulty ljvistdrs* ]fus# lt ]fus# lt ls Uoggord“s ls Uoggord“s gdst de gdst de iqulty# omkustimiqulty# omkustim edr civironi

edr civironi ieeigts* ieeigts* Wljgi Oplcomd“s Wljgi Oplcomd“s ` 8 ` 8 ?# lts ?# lts PRPRHH 8 a8 aHH ( ( aaPEPE 8 ?=) (8 ?=) (

6) 8 5)# tfij; 6) 8 5)# tfij;

a

ass 8 a8 aPEPE ! &a! &aHH ( a( aPEPE,` 8 6) ! &?=) ( 6),?*=> 8 ?5*60),` 8 6) ! &?=) ( 6),?*=> 8 ?5*60) ≆≆ ?5*6)*?5*6)*

WDCY]LDJW ]D IJM(DE(GFOR]IP RPD@CIHW

WDCY]LDJW ]D IJM(DE(GFOR]IP RPD@CIHW

(2)

 Ojsw irs ojm Wdc utl djs; 0? ( 0 Forgdurt# Ljg* ltihs ojm mirlvim ltihs gdpyrlnft © 0222 `y Forgdurt# Ljg*

`* ]fi vocui de Uoggord ls -?=*59 hlccldj;

2 ? 0 7 = 9 | | | | | | ?*72 ?*92 ?*>9 0*22 0*?0 ?*?? ?<*57 ?*?2 ?*?2 ??*50 0?*57 U 8 -?=*<7 hlccldj GE9 8 GE=&?*25, 8 -0*22&?*25, 8 -0*?0*

Uocui ot t= de GE9 ojm occ su`siquijt gosf ecdws ls;

U= 8 5 * 2 ?56 * 2 ?0 * 0 -n a GE s 9 ∐ 8 ∐ 8 -?<*57*

Octirjotlvicy# ljput 2# ?*72# ?*92# ?*>9# ojm 0?*57&0*22 ! ?<*57, ljtd tfi gosf ecdw rinlstir# L 8 ?5*6# JRU 8 4 JRU 8 -?=*<7*

g* RHox 8 U$J 8 -?=*<7$?*0 8 -?0*==*

Wljgi Oplcomd ls poyljn ixogtcy wfot Uoggord ls wdrtf# tfi ogqulsltldj fos o zird jit prisijt vocui ojm Oplcomd“s sfori prlgi sfducm riholj ot lts gurrijt prlgi* 0?(9 2 ? 0 7 ?2 | | | | • • • | (=22#222 5=#222 5=#222 5=#222 5=#222 GE2 8 (-=22#2221 GE? ( GE?2 8 -5=#2221 ojm a 8 ?2)* JRU 8

8 ∐ ! ?2 ? t 2 t t GE , a ? & GE 8 -5=#222&RULEO?2)# ?2, ( -=22#222 8 -5=#222&5*?==5, ( -=22#222 8 -7<7#09= ( -=22#222 8 (-5#>=5*

Octirjotlvicy# ljput (=22#222 ojm 5=#222 &?2 Þ, ljtd tfi gosf ecdw rinlstir# L 8 ?2# JRU 8 4 JRU 8 (-5#>=>*>?* Wljgi tfi JRU de tfi ljvisthijt ls jinotlvi# Wtojciy sfducm jdt hoai tfi purgfosi*

0?(5 o* Wljgi tfi jit gosf ecdws ori iqulty riturjs# tfi opprdprloti mlsgdujt roti ls tfot gdst de iqulty wflgf riecigts tfi rlsaljiss de tfi gosf ecdw strioh* ]fls gdst ls NGG“s gdst de iqulty;

as 8 aPE ! &PRH,` 8 6) ! &=),?*92 8 ?=)*

?5*6)

n 8 5)

(3)

Forgdurt# Ljg* ltihs ojm mirlvim ltihs gdpyrlnft © 0222 `y Forgdurt# Ljg*  Ojswir s oj m W dcu tld js; 0? ( 7

`* ]fi tirhljoc vocui ls -?#?=7*=;

]U 8 8 -?#?=7*=* 2*2> ( 2*?= , ->=*6&?*2>

Ojjuoc gosf ecdws ori gocgucotim os edccdws;

022? 0220 0227 022=

Wocis -=92*2 -9?6*2 -999*2 -522*2

GDNW &0<0*9, &775*>, &752*>, &7<2*2,

Nrdss prdelt -?9>*9 -?6?*7 -?<=*7 -0?2*2

Wiccljn$Omhlj &=9*2, &97*2, &52*2, &56*2,

I@L] -??0*9 -?06*7 -?7=*7 -?=0*2

Ljtirist &?6*2, &0?*2, &0=*2, &0>*2,

I@] - <=*9 -?2>*7 -??2*7 -??9*2

]oxis &79), &77*?, &7>*5, &76*5, &=2*7,

Jit ljgdhi - 5?*= - 5<*> - >?*> - >=*6

]fi vocui de NGG td ]rojs^drcm“s sforifdcmirs ls tfi prisijt vocui de tfi gosf ecdws tfot oggrui td tfi sforifdcmirs;

U 8 = 7 0 ? , ?= * ? & 0 * 0?6 # ? -, ?= * ? & > * >? -, ?= * ? & > * 5< -, ?= * ? & = * 5? -! ! ! 8 -6>>*0*

Octirjotlvicy# ljput 2# 5?*=# 5<*># >?*># ojm ?#0?6*0 ljtd tfi gosf ecdw rinlstir# L 8 ?=# JRU 8 4 JRU 8 -6>>*0*

(4)

Gdhputir$Ljtirjit Oppclgotldjs; 0? ( = Forgdurt# Ljg* ltihs ojm mirlvim ltihs gdpyrlnft © 0222 `y Forgdurt# Ljg*

0?(> ]fi mitolcim sdcutldj edr tfi spriomsfiit prd`cih ls ovolco`ci `dtf dj tfi ljstrugtdr“s risdurgi GM (PDH ojm dj tfi ljstrugtdr“s slmi de tfi Forgdurt Gdccini Ru`clsfirs“ wi` slti# fttp;$$www*forgdurtgdccini*gdh$eljojgi$ `rlnfoh*

0?(6 ]fi mitolcim sdcutldj edr tfi gy`irprd`cih ls ovolco`ci dj tfi ljstrugtdr“s slmi de tfi Forgdurt Gdccini Ru`clsfirs“ wi` slti# fttp;$$www* forgdurtgdccini*gdh$eljojgi$`rlnfoh*

WRPIOMWFII] RPD@CIH

(5)

Forgdurt# Ljg* ltihs ojm mirlvim ltihs gdpyrlnft © 0222 `y Forgdurt# Ljg* Ljtinrotim Gosi; 0? ( 9

Whltty“s Fdhi Pipolr Gdhpojy

Hirnir Ojocysls

0?(< WHL]]\“W FDHI PIROLP GDHROJ\# O PINLDJOC FOPM^OPI GFOLJ ]FO]

WRIGLOCL[IW LJ –MD(L](\DYPWICE‘ HO]IPLOCW OJM I_YLRHIJ] PIJ]OCW# LW

GOWF PLGF @IGOYWI DE WIUIPOC GDJWIGY]LUI NDDM \IOPW* DJI DE ]FI

 OC]IPJO]LUI YWIW EDP ]FI I VGIWW EYJMW LW OJ OG_YLWL]LD J* CLJMO ^OMI# WHL]]\“W ]PIOWYPIP OJM \DYP @DWW# FOW @IIJ OWAIM ]D RCOGI O UOCYI DJ O  RD]IJ]LOC ]OPNI]# FLCC“W FOPM^OPI# O WHOCC GFOLJ ]FO] DRIPO]IW LJ OJ  OMKOGIJ] W]O]I# OJM WFI FO W IJCLW]IM \DYP FICR*

]FI ]O@CI @ICD^ LJMLGO]IW ^OMI“W IW]LHO]IW DE FLCC“W IOPJLJNW RD]IJ]LOC LE L] GOHI YJMIP WHL]]\“W HOJONIHIJ] &LJ HLCCLDJW DE MDCCOPW,* 022? 0220 0227 022=  JI] WOCIW -52*2 -<2*2 -??0*9 -?0>*9 GDW] DE NDDMW WDCM &52), 75*2 9=*2 5>*9 >5*9 WICCLJN$OMHLJLW]PO]LUI IVRIJWI =*9 5*2 >*9 <*2 LJ]IPIW] IVRIJWI 7*2 =*9 =*9 5*2

 JIGIWWOP\ PI]OLJIM IOPJLJN W 2*2 >*9 5*2 =*9

]FI LJ]IPIW] IVRIJWI CLW]IM FIPI LJGCYMIW ]FI LJ]IPIW] &?, DJ FLCC“W IVLW]LJN MI@]# &0, DJ JI^ MI@] ]FO] WHL]]\“W ^DYCM LWWYI ]D FICR ELJOJGI ]FI OG_YLWL]LDJ# OJM &7, DJ JI^ MI@] IVRIG]IM ]D @I LWWYIM DUIP  ]LHI ]D FICR ELJOJGI IVROJWLDJ ^L]FLJ ]FI JI^ –F MLULWLDJ#‘ ]FI GDMI  JOHI NLUIJ ]D ]FI ]OPNI] ELPH* ]FI PI]IJ]LDJW PIRPIWIJ] IOPJLJNW ]FO]  ^LCC @I PILJUIW]IM ^L]FLJ ]FI F MLULWLDJ ]D FICR ELJOJ GI L]W NPD^]F*

FLCC“W FOPM^OPI GYPPIJ]C\ YWIW =2 RIPGIJ] MI@] ELJOJGLJN# OJM L] RO\W EIMIPOC (RCYW(W]O]I ]OVIW O] O 72 RIPGIJ] PO]I* WIGYPL]\ OJOC\W]W IW]LHO]I FLCC“W @I]O ]D @I ?*0* LE ]FI OG_YLWL]LDJ ^IPI ]D ]OAI RCOGI# WHL]]\“W ^DYCM LJGPIOWI FLCC“W MI@] PO]LD ]D 92 RIPGIJ]# ^FLGF ^DYCM

LJGPIOWI L]W @I]O ]D ?*7* EYP]FIP# @IGOYWI WHL]]\“W LW FLNFC\

RPDEL]O@CI# ]OVIW DJ ]FI GDJWDCLMO]IM ELPH ^DYCM @I =2 RIPGIJ]* ^OMI PIOCL[IW ]FO] FLCC“W FOPM^OPI OCWD NIJIPO]IW MIRPIGLO]LDJ GOWF ECD^W# @Y] WFI @ICLIUIW ]FO] ]FIWI EYJMW ^DYCM FOUI ]D @I PILJUIW]IM ^L]FLJ ]FI MLULWLDJ ]D PIRCOGI ^DPJ(DY] I_YLRHIJ]*

(6)

Ljtinrotim Gosi; 0? ( 5 Forgdurt# Ljg* ltihs ojm mirlvim ltihs gdpyrlnft © 0222 `y Forgdurt# Ljg*

 ^OMI IW]LHO]IW ]FI PLWA(EPII PO]I ]D @I < RIPGIJ] OJM ]FI HOPAI] PLWA RPIHLYH ]D @I = RIPGIJ]* WFI OCWD IW]LHO]IW ]FO] JI] GOWF ECD^W

 OE]IP 022= ^LCC NPD^ O] O GDJW]OJ] PO]I DE 5 RIPGIJ]* WHL]]\“W

 HOJONIHIJ] LW JI^ ]D ]FI HIPNIP NOHI# WD ^OMI FOW @IIJ OWAIM ]D OJW^IP  WDHI @OWLG _YIW]LDJW O@DY] HIPNIPW OW ^ICC OW ]D RIPEDPH ]FI HIPNIP 

 OJOC\WLW* ]D W]PYG]YPI ]FI ]OWA# ^OMI FOW MIUICDRIM ]FI EDCCD^LJN

_YIW]LDJW# ^FLGF \DY HYW] OJW^IP OJM ]FIJ MIEIJM ]D WHL]]\“W @DOPM*

 O* WIUIPOC PIOWDJW FOUI @IIJ RPDRDWIM ]D KYW]LE\ HIPNIPW* OHDJN ]FI HDPI

RPDHLJIJ] OPI &?, ]OV GDJWLMIPO]LDJW# &0, PLWA PIMYG]LDJ# &7, GDJ]PDC# &=, RYPGFOWI DE OWWI]W O] @ICD^(PIRCOGIHIJ] GDW]# &9, W\JIPN\# OJM &5, NCD@OCL[O]LDJ* LJ NIJIPOC# ^FLGF DE ]FI PIOWDJW OPI IGDJDHLGOCC\ KYW]LELO@CI4 ^FLGF OPI JD]4 ^FLGF EL] ]FI WL]YO]LDJ O] FOJM4 IVRCOLJ*

 OJW^IP ; QYWI W0?(? ]FPDYNF W0?(9 FIPI*X ]FI IGDJDHLGOCC\ KYW]LELO@CI

PO]LDJOCIW EDP HIPNIPW OPI W\JIPN\ OJM ]OV GDJWI_YIJGIW* W\JIPN\ DGGYPW ^FIJ ]FI UOCYI DE ]FI GDH@LJIM ELPH IVGIIMW ]FI WYH DE ]FI UOCYIW DE ]FI ELPHW ]OAIJ WIROPO]IC\* &LE W\JIPN\ IVLW]W# ]FIJ ]FI ^FDCI LW NPIO]IP ]FOJ ]FI WYH DE ]FI ROP]W# OJM FIJGI W\JIPN\ LW OCWD GOCCIM ]FI –0 ! 0 8 9‘ IEEIG]*,

O W\JIPNLW]LG HIPNIP GPIO]IW UOCYI ]FO] HYW] @I ORRDP]LDJIM @I]^IIJ ]FI W]DGAFDCMIPW DE ]FI HIPNLJN GDHROJLIW* W\JIPN\ GOJ OPLWI EPDH EDYP WDYPGIW; &?, DRIPO]LJN IGDJDHLIW DE WGOCI LJ HOJONIHIJ]# RPDMYG]LDJ# HOPAI]LJN# DP MLW]PL@Y]LDJ1 &0, ELJOJGLOC IGDJDHLIW# ^FLGF GDYCM LJGCYMI FLNFIP MI@] GOROGL]\# CD^IP ]POJWOG]LDJW GDW]W# DP @I]]IP GDUIPONI @\ WIGYPL]LIW“ OJOC\W]W ]FO] GOJ CIOM ]D FLNFIP MIHOJM OJM# FIJGI# FLNFIP RPLGIW1 &7, MLEEIPIJ]LOC HOJONIHIJ] IEELGLIJG\# ^FLGF LHRCLIW ]FO] JI^ HOJONIHIJ ] GOJ LJGPIOWI ]FI UOCYI DE O ELPH“W OWWI]W1 OJM &=, LJGPIOWIM HOPAI] RD^IP MYI ]D PIMYGIM GDHRI]L]LDJ* DRIPO]LJN OJM ELJOJGLOC IGDJDHLIW OPI WDGLOCC\ MIWLPO@CI# OW OPI HIPNIPW ]FO] LJGPIOWI HOJONIPLOC IEELGLIJG\# @Y] HIPNIPW ]FO] PIMYGI GDHRI]L]LDJ OPI @D]F YJMIWLPO@CI OJM LCCINOC*

OJD]FIP UOCLM PO]LDJOCI @IFLJM HIPNIPW LW ]OV GDJWLMIPO]LDJW* EDP IVOHRCI# O ELPH ]FO] LW FLNFC\ RPDEL]O@CI OJM GDJWI_YIJ]C\ LJ ]FI FLNFIW] GDPRDPO]I ]OV @POGAI] GDYCM OG_YLPI O GDHROJ\ ^L]F COPNI OGGYHYCO]IM ]OV CDWWIW# OJM LHHIMLO]IC\ YWI ]FDWI CDWWIW ]D WFIC]IP L]W

(7)

Forgdurt# Ljg* ltihs ojm mirlvim ltihs gdpyrlnft © 0222 `y Forgdurt# Ljg* Ljtinrotim Gosi; 0? ( >

HLNF] IUIJ]YOCC\ @I YWIM# @Y] ]FILP UOCYI ^DYCM @I FLNFIP LE YWIM JD^ PO]FIP ]FOJ LJ ]FI EY]YPI*

]FI HD]LUIW ]FO] OPI NIJIPOCC\ CIWW WYRRDP]O@CI DJ IGDJDHLG NPDYJMW OPI PLWA PIMYG]LDJ# RYPGFOWI DE OWWI]W O] @ICD^ PIRCOGIHIJ] GDW]# GDJ]PDC# OJM NCD@OCL[O]LDJ* HOJONIPW DE]IJ W]O]I ]FO] MLUIPWLELGO]LDJ FICRW ]D W]O@LCL[I O ELPH“W IOPJLJNW W]PIOH OJM ]FYW PIMYGIW ]D]OC PLWA# OJM FIJGI @IJIEL]W WFOPIFDCMIPW* W]O@LCL[O]LDJ DE IOPJLJNW LW GIP]OLJC\ @IJIELGLOC ]D O ELPH“W IHRCD\IIW# WYRRCLIPW# GYW]DHIPW# OJM HOJONIPW* FD^IUIP# LE O W]DGA LJUIW]DP LW GDJGIPJIM O@DY] IOPJLJNW UOPLO@LCL]\# FI DP WFI GOJ MLUIPWLE\ HDPI IOWLC\ ]FOJ GOJ ]FI ELPH* ^F\ WFDYCM ELPH O OJM ELPH @ HIPNI ]D W]O@LCL[I IOPJLJNW ^FIJ W]DGAFDCMIPW GOJ HIPIC\ RYPGFOWI @D]F W]DGAW OJM OGGDHRCLWF ]FI WOHI ]FLJN4 EYP]FIP# ^I AJD^ ]FO] ^ICC(MLUIPWLELIM WFOPIFDCMIPW OPI HDPI GDJGIPJIM ^L]F O W]DGA“W HOPAI] PLWA ]FOJ L]W W]OJM(OCDJI PLWA# OJM FLNFIP IOPJLJNW LJW]O@LCL]\ MDIW JD] JIGIWWOPLC\ ]POJWCO]I LJ]D FLNFIP HOPAI] PLWA*

WDHI]LHIW O ELPH ^LCC @I ]DY]IM OW O RDWWL@CI OG_YLWL]LDJ GOJMLMO]I @IGOYWI ]FI PIRCOGIHIJ] UOCYI DE L]W OWWI]W LW GDJWLMIPO@C\ FLNFIP ]FOJ L]W HOPAI] UOCYI* EDP IVOHRCI# LJ ]FI IOPC\ ?<62W# DLC GDHROJLIW GDYCM OG_YLPI PIWIPUIW HDPI GFIORC\ @\ @Y\LJN DY] D]FIP DLC GDHROJLIW ]FOJ @\ IVRCDPO]DP\ MPLCCLJN* FD^IUIP# ]FI UOCYI DE OJ OWWI] W]IHW EPDH L]W IVRIG]IM GOWF ECD^W# JD] EPDH L]W GDW]* ]FYW# RO\LJN -? HLCCLDJ EDP O WCLMI PYCI RCOJ] ]FO] ^DYCM GDW] -0 HLCCLDJ ]D @YLCM EPDH WGPO]GF LW JD] O NDDM MIOC LE JD DJI YWIW WCLMI PYCIW*

LJ PIGIJ] \IOPW# HOJ\ FDW]LCI ]OAIDUIPW FOUI DGGYPPIM* ]D AIIR ]FILP GDHROJLIW LJMIRIJMIJ]# OJM OCWD ]D RPD]IG] ]FILP KD@W# HOJONIPW WDHI]LHIW IJNLJIIP MIEIJWLUI HIPNIPW ^FLGF HOAI ]FILP ELPHW HDPI MLEELGYC] ]D –MLNIW]*‘ OCWD# WYGF MIEIJWLUI HIPNIPW OPI YWYOCC\ MI@]( ELJOJGIM# ^FLGF HOAIW L] FOPMIP EDP O RD]IJ]LOC OG_YLPIP ]D YWI MI@] ELJOJGLJN ]D ELJOJGI ]FI OG_YLWL]LDJ* LJ NIJIPOC# MIEIJWLUI HIPNIPW ORRIOP ]D @I MIWLNJIM HDPI EDP ]FI @IJIEL] DE HOJONIPW ]FOJ EDP ]FO] DE ]FI W]DGAFDCMIPW*

OJ LJGPIOWIM MIWLPI ]D @IGDHI NCD@OCL[IM FOW PIWYC]IM LJ HOJ\ HIPNIPW* ]D HIPNI KYW] ]D @IGDHI LJ]IPJO]LDJOC LW JD] OJ IGDJDHLGOCC\ KYW]LELIM PIOWDJ EDP O HIPNIP1 FD^IUIP# LJGPIOWIM NCD@OCL[O]LDJ FOW CIM ]D LJGPIOWIM IGDJDHLIW DE WGOCI* ]FYW# W\JIPNLWH DE]IJ PIWYC]W((^FLGF LW OJ IGDJDHLGOCC\ KYW]LELO@CI PIOWDJ EDP HIPNIPW*

(8)

Ljtinrotim Gosi; 0? ( 6 Forgdurt# Ljg* ltihs ojm mirlvim ltihs gdpyrlnft © 0222 `y Forgdurt# Ljg*

W\JIPN\ ORRIOPW ]D @I ]FI PIOWDJ EDP ]FLW HIPNIP*

@* @PLIEC\ MIWGPL@I ]FI MLEEIPIJGIW @I]^IIJ O FDW]LCI HIPNIP OJM O 

EPLIJMC\ HIPNIP*

 OJW^IP ; QWFD^ W0?(5 OJM W0?(> FIPI*X LJ O EPLIJMC\ HIPNIP# ]FI HOJONIHIJ] DE

DJI ELPH &]FI OG_YLPIP, ONPIIW ]D @Y\ OJD]FIP ELPH &]FI ]OPNI],* LJ HDW] GOWIW# ]FI OG]LDJ LW LJL]LO]IM @\ ]FI OG_YLPLJN ELPH# @Y] LJ WDHI WL]YO]LDJW ]FI ]OPNI] HO\ LJL]LO]I ]FI HIPNIP* ]FI HOJONIHIJ]W DE @D]F ELPHW NI] ]DNI]FIP OJM ^DPA DY] ]IPHW ]FO] ]FI\ @ICLIUI ]D @I @IJIELGLOC ]D @D]F WI]W DE WFOPIFDCMIPW* ]FIJ ]FI\ LWWYI W]O]IHIJ]W ]D ]FILP W]DGAFDCMIPW PIGDHHIJMLJN ]FO] ]FI\ ONPII ]D ]FI HIPNIP* DE GDYPWI# ]FI WFOPIFDCMIPW DE ]FI ]OPNI] ELPH JDPHOCC\ HYW] UD]I DJ ]FI HIPNIP# @Y] HOJONIHIJ]“W WYRRDP] NIJIPOCC\ OWWYPIW ]FO] ]FI UD]IW ^LCC @I EOUDPO@CI*

LE O ]OPNI] ELPH“W HOJONIHIJ] PIWLW]W ]FI HIPNIP# ]FIJ ]FI OG_YLPLJN ELPH“W OMUOJGIW OPI WOLM ]D @I FDW]LCI PO]FIP ]FOJ EPLIJMC\* LJ ]FLW GOWI# ]FI OG_YLPIP# LE L] GFDDWIW ]D# HYW] HOAI O MLPIG] ORRIOC ]D ]FI ]OPNI] ELPH“W WFOPIFDCMIPW* ]FLW ]OAIW ]FI EDPH DE O ]IJMIP DEEIP# ^FIPI@\ ]FI ]OPNI] ELPH“W WFOPIFDCMIPW OPI OWAIM ]D –]IJMIP‘ ]FILP WFOPIW ]D ]FI OG_YLPLJN ELPH LJ IVGFOJNI EDP GOWF# W]DGA# @DJMW# DP WDHI GDH@LJO]LDJ DE ]FI ]FPII* LE 9? RIPGIJ] DP HDPI DE ]FI ]OPNI] ELPH“W WFOPIFDCMIPW ]IJMIP ]FILP WFOPIW# ]FIJ ]FI HIPNIP ^LCC @I GDHRCI]IM DUIP HOJONIHIJ]“W D@KIG]LDJ*

G* YWI ]FI MO]O MIUICDRIM LJ ]FI ]O@CI ]D GDJW]PYG] ]FI F MLULWLDJ“W GOWF

ECD^ W]O]IHIJ]W EDP 022? ]FPDYNF 022=* ^F\ LW LJ]IPIW] IVRIJWI

MIMYG]IM LJ HIPNIP GOWF ECD^ W]O]IHIJ]W# ^FIPIOW L] LW JD] JDPHOCC\ MIMYG]IM LJ O GORL]OC @YMNI]LJN GOWF ECD^ OJOC\WLW4 ^F\ OPI IOPJLJNW PI]IJ]LDJW MIMYG]IM LJ ]FI GOWF ECD^ W]O]IHIJ]4

 OJW^IP ; QYWI W0?(< FIPI*X ]FI IOWLIW] ORRPDOGF FIPI LW ]D GPIO]I GOWF ECD^ W]O]IHIJ]W EDP ]FI F MLULWLDJ# OWWYHLJN ]FO] ]FI OG_YLWL]LDJ LW HOMI &LJ HLCCLDJW DE MDCCOPW,*

022? 0220 0227 022=

JI] WOCIW -52*2 -<2*2 -??0*9 -?0>*9

(9)

Forgdurt# Ljg* ltihs ojm mirlvim ltihs gdpyrlnft © 0222 `y Forgdurt# Ljg* Ljtinrotim Gosi; 0? ( <

WICCLJN$OMHLJ* IVRIJWIW =*9 5*2 >*9 <*2

LJ]IPIW] IVRIJWI 7*2 =*9 =*9 5*2

IOPJLJNW @IEDPI ]OVIW -?5*9 -09*9 - 77*2 -75*2

]OVIW &=2), 5*5 ?2*0 ?7*0 ?=*=

JI] LJGDHI - <*< -?9*7 - ?<*6 -0?*5

PI]IJ]LDJW 2*2 >*9 5*2 =*9

GOWF ECD^ - <*< - >*6 - ?7*6 -?>*?

JD]I ]FO] ]FIWI W]O]IHIJ]W OPI LMIJ]LGOC ]D W]OJMOPM GORL]OC @YMNI]LJN GOWF ECD^ W]O]IHIJ]W IVGIR] ]FO] @D]F LJ]IPIW] IVRIJWI OJM PI]IJ]LDJW OPI LJGCYMIM LJ HIPNIP OJOC\WLW* LJ W]POLNF] GORL]OC @YMNI]LJN# OCC MI@] LJUDCUIM LW JI^ MI@] ]FO] LW LWWYIM ]D EYJM ]FI OWWI] OMML]LDJW* FIJGI# ]FI MI@] LJUDCUIM OCC GDW]W ]FI WOHI# am# OJM ]FLW GDW] LW

OGGDYJ]IM EDP @\ MLWGDYJ]LJN ]FI GOWF ECD^W O] ]FI ELPH“W ^OGG* FD^IUIP# LJ O HIPNIP ]FI OG_YLPLJN ELPH YWYOCC\ @D]F OWWYHIW ]FI IVLW]LJN MI@] DE ]FI ]OPNI] OJM LWWYIW JI^ MI@] ]D FICR ELJOJGI ]FI

]OAIDUIP* ]FYW# ]FI MI@] LJUDCUIM FOW MLEEIPIJ] GDW]W# OJM FIJGI

GOJJD] @I OGGDYJ]IM EDP OW O WLJNCI GDW] LJ ]FI ^OGG* ]FI IOWLIW] WDCY]LDJ LW ]D IVRCLGL]C\ LJGCYMI LJ]IPIW] IVRIJWI LJ ]FI GOWF ECD^ W]O]IHIJ]*

LJ PINOPMW ]D PI]IJ]LDJW# OCC DE ]FI GOWF ECD^W EPDH OJ LJMLULMYOC RPDKIG] OPI OUOLCO@CI EDP YWI ]FPDYNFDY] ]FI ELPH# @Y] WDHI DE ]FI GOWF ECD^W NIJIPO]IM @\ OJ OG_YLWL]LDJ OPI NIJIPOCC\ PI]OLJIM ^L]F ]FI JI^ MLULWLDJ ]D FICR ELJOJGI L]W NPD^]F* WLJGI WYGF PI]IJ]LDJW OPI JD] OUOLCO@CI ]D ]FI ROPIJ] GDHROJ\ EDP YWI ICWI^FIPI# ]FI\ HYW] @I MIMYG]IM LJ ]FI GOWF ECD^ W]O]IHIJ]*

^L]F LJ]IPIW] IVRIJWI OJM PI]IJ]LDJW LJGCYMIM LJ ]FI GOWF ECD^ W]O]IHIJ]W# ]FI GOWF ECD^W OPI PIWLMYOCW ]FO] OPI OUOLCO@CI ]D ]FI OG_YLPLJN ELPH“W I_YL]\ FDCMIPW* WHL]]\“W HOJONIHIJ] GDYCM RO\ ]FIWI DY] OW MLULMIJMW DP PILJUIW] ]FIH LJ D]FIP MLULWLDJW DE ]FI ELPH# OW ]FI\ WII EL]*

M* GDJGIR]YOCC\# ^FO] LW ]FI ORRPDRPLO]I MLWGDYJ] PO]I ]D ORRC\ ]D ]FI

GOWF ECD^W MIUICDRIM LJ ROP] G4 ^FO] LW \DYP OG]YOC IW]LHO]I DE ]FLW MLWGDYJ] PO]I4

(10)

Ljtinrotim Gosi; 0? ( ?2 Forgdurt# Ljg* ltihs ojm mirlvim ltihs gdpyrlnft © 0222 `y Forgdurt# Ljg*

 OJW^IP ; QWFD^ W0?(?2 ]FPDYNF W0?(?0 FIPI*X OW MLWGYWWIM O@DUI# ]FI GOWF ECD^W

OPI PIWLMYOCW# OJM ]FI\ @ICDJN ]D ]FI OG_YLPLJN ELPH“W WFOPIFDCMIPW* WLJGI LJ]IPIW] IVRIJWI FOW OCPIOM\ @IIJ GDJWLMIPIM# ]FI GOWF ECD^W OPI PLWALIP ]FOJ ]FI ]\RLGOC GORL]OC @YMNI]LJN GOWF ECD^W# OJM ]FI\ HYW] @I MLWGDYJ]IM YWLJN ]FI GDW] DE I_YL]\ PO]FIP ]FOJ ]FI ^OGG* EYP]FIP# ]FI MLWGDYJ] PO]I HYW] PIECIG] ]FI PLWALJIWW DE ]FI ECD^W# OJM ]FIWI GOWF ECD^W FOUI FLCC“W @YWLJIWW PLWA# JD] WHL]]\“W @YWLJIWW PLWA* FD^IUIP# ]FI HOPAI] PLWA DE ]FI F MLULWLDJ LW JD] ]FI WOHI OW ]FI HOPAI] PLWA DE FLCC“W DRIPO]LJN LJMIRIJMIJ]C\# @IGOYWI ]FI HIPNIP OEEIG]W FLCC“W CIUIPONI OJM ]OV PO]I* WHL]]\“W LJUIW]HIJ] @OJAIPW FOUI IW]LHO]IM ]FI F MLULWLDJ“W @I]O ^LCC @I ?*7 OE]IP ]FI HIPNIP OJM ]FI OMML]LDJOC CIUIPONI FOW @IIJ IHRCD\IM*

]D D@]OLJ ]FI PI_YLPIM PO]I DE PI]YPJ DJ I_YL]\# JD]I ]FO] a PE 8 <)

OJM PRH 8 =)* ]FYW# ]FI F MLULWLDJ“W PI_YLPIM PO]I DE PI]YPJ DJ I_YL]\#

^FLGF LW ]FI ORRPDRPLO]I MLWGDYJ] PO]I ]D ORRC\ ]D ]FI HIPNIP GOWF ECD^W# LW ?=*0 RIPGIJ];

as&F MLULWLDJ, 8 aPE ! &aH ( aPE,`F MLULWLDJ

8 <) ! &=),?*7 8 ?=*0)*

I* ^FO] LW ]FI IW]LHO]IM ]IPHLJOC UOCYI DE ]FI OG_YLWL]LDJ1 ]FO] LW# ^FO]

LW ]FI IW]LHO]IM UOCYI DE ]FI F MLULWLDJ“W GOWF ECD^W @I\DJM 022=4  ^FO] LW FLCC“W UOCYI ]D WHL]]\“W4 WYRRDWI OJD]FIP ELPH ^IPI IUOCYO]LJN

FLCC“W OW OJ OG_YLWL]LDJ GOJMLMO]I* ^DYCM ]FI\ D@]OLJ ]FI WOHI UOCYI4 IVRCOLJ*

 OJW^IP ; QWFD^ W0?(?7 OJM W0?(?= FIPI*X ]FI 022= GOWF ECD^ LW -?>*? HLCCLDJ#

OJM L] LW IVRIG]IM ]D NPD^ O] O 5 RIPGIJ] GDJW]OJ] NPD^]F PO]I LJ 0229 OJM @I\DJM* ^L]F O GDJW]OJ] NPD^]F PO]I# ]FI NDPMDJ HDMIC GOJ @I YWIM ]D UOCYI ]FI GOWF ECD^W @I\DJM 022=;

]IPHLJOC UOCYI 8 n a n, ECD^,&? GOWF 022= & s ∐ ! 8 2*25 ( 2*?=0 , -?>*?&?*25 8 -00?*2 HLCCLDJ*

OMMLJN ]FI ]IPHLJOC UOCYI# ]FI JI] GOWF ECD^ W]PIOH CDDAW CLAI ]FLW &LJ HLCCLDJW DE MDCCOPW,;

(11)

Forgdurt# Ljg* ltihs ojm mirlvim ltihs gdpyrlnft © 0222 `y Forgdurt# Ljg* Ljtinrotim Gosi; 0? ( ??

022? 0220 0227 022=

OJJYOC GOWF ECD^ -<*< ->*6 -?7*6 - ?>*?

]IPHLJOC UOCYI 00?*2

JI] GOWF ECD^ -<*< ->*6 -?7*6 -076*?

JD^# ]FI UOCYI DE FLCC“W ]D WHL]]\“W LW ]FI RPIWIJ] UOCYI DE ]FLW W]PIOH# MLWGDYJ]IM O] ?=*0 RIPGIJ]# DP -?57*< HLCCLDJ*

LE OJD]FIP ELPH ^IPI UOCYLJN FLCC“W# ]FI\ ^DYCM RPD@O@C\ D@]OLJ OJ IW]LHO]I MLEEIPIJ] EPDH -?57*< HLCCLDJ* HDW] LHRDP]OJ]# ]FI W\JIPNLIW LJUDCUIM ^DYCM CLAIC\ @I MLEEIPIJ]# OJM FIJGI ]FI GOWF ECD^ IW]LHO]IW ^DYCM MLEEIP* OCWD# OJD]FIP RD]IJ]LOC OG_YLPIP HLNF] YWI MLEEIPIJ] ELJOJGLJN# DP FOUI O MLEEIPIJ] ]OV PO]I# OJM FIJGI IW]LHO]I O MLEEIPIJ] MLWGDYJ] PO]I*

E* OWWYHI ]FO] FLCC“W FOW ?2 HLCCLDJ WFOPIW DY]W]OJMLJN* ]FIWI WFOPIW OPI

]POMIM PICO]LUIC\ LJEPI_YIJ]C\# @Y] ]FI COW] ]POMI# HOMI WIUIPOC ^IIAW  OND# ^OW O] O RPLGI DE -< RIP WFOPI* WFDYCM WHL]]\“W HOAI OJ DEEIP EDP 

FLCC“W4 LE WD# FD^ HYGF WFDYCM L] DEEIP RIP WFOPI4

 OJW^IP ; QWFD^ W0?(?9 ]FPDYNF W0?(02 FIPI*X ^L]F O GYPPIJ] RPLGI DE -< RIP WFOPI OJM ?2 HLCCLDJ WFOPIW DY]W]OJMLJN# FLCC“W GYPPIJ] HOPAI] UOCYI LW -<&?2, 8 -<2 HLCCLDJ* WLJGI FLCC“W IVRIG]IM UOCYI ]D WHL]]\“W LW -?57*< HLCCLDJ# L] ORRIOPW ]FO] ]FI HIPNIP ^DYCM @I @IJIELGLOC ]D @D]F WI]W DE W]DGAFDCMIPW* ]FI MLEEIPIJGI# -?57*< ( -<2*2 8 ->7*< HLCCLDJ# LW ]FI OMMIM UOCYI ]D @I ORRDP]LDJIM @I]^IIJ ]FI W]DGAFDCMIPW DE @D]F ELPHW*

]FI DEEIPLJN POJNI LW EPDH -< RIP WFOPI ]D -?57*<$?2 8 -?5*7< RIP WFOPI* O] -<# OCC DE ]FI @IJIEL] DE ]FI HIPNIP NDIW ]D WHL]]\“W WFOPIFDCMIPW# ^FLCI O] -?5*7<# OCC DE ]FI UOCYI GPIO]IM NDIW ]D FLCC“W WFOPIFDCMIPW* LE WHL]]\“W DEEIPW HDPI ]FOJ -?5*7< RIP WFOPI# ]FIJ ^IOC]F ^DYCM @I ]POJWEIPPIM EPDH WHL]]\“W W]DGAFDCMIPW ]D FLCC“W W]DGAFDCMIPW*

OW ]D ]FI OG]YOC DEEIPLJN RPLGI# WHL]]\“W WFDYCM HOAI ]FI DEEIP OW CD^ OW RDWWL@CI# \I] OGGIR]O@CI ]D FLCC“W WFOPIFDCMIPW* O CD^ LJL]LOC DEEIP# WO\ -<*92 RIP WFOPI# ^DYCM RPD@O@C\ @I PIKIG]IM OJM ]FI IEEDP] ^OW]IM* EYP]FIP# ]FI DEEIP HO\ LJECYIJGI D]FIP RD]IJ]LOC WYL]DPW ]D GDJWLMIP FLCC“W# OJM ]FI\ GDYCM IJM YR DY]@LMMLJN WHL]]\“W* GDJUIPWIC\# O FLNF RPLGI# WO\ -?5# ROWWIW OCHDW] OCC DE ]FI NOLJ ]D FLCC“W

(12)

Ljtinrotim Gosi; 0? ( ?0 Forgdurt# Ljg* ltihs ojm mirlvim ltihs gdpyrlnft © 0222 `y Forgdurt# Ljg*

W]DGAFDCMIPW# OJM WHL]]\“W HOJONIPW WFDYCM PI]OLJ OW HYGF DE ]FI W\JIPNLW]LG UOCYI OW RDWWL@CI EDP ]FILP D^J WFOPIFDCMIPW*

JD]I ]FO] ]FLW MLWGYWWL DJ OWWYHIW ]FO] FLCC“W -< RPLGI LW O –EOLP#‘ I_YLCL@PLYH UOCYI LJ ]FI O@WIJGI DE O HIPNIP* WLJGI ]FI W]DGA ]POMIW LJEPI_YIJ]C\# ]FI -< RPLGI HO\ JD] PIRPIWIJ] O EOLP HLJLHYH RPLGI* FLCC“W HOJONIHIJ] WFDYCM HOAI OJ IUOCYO]LDJ &DP FLPI WDHIDJI ]D HOAI ]FI IUOCYO]LDJ, DE O EOLP RPLGI OJM YWI ]FLW LJEDPHO]LDJ LJ L]W JIND]LO]LDJW ^L]F WHL]]\“W*

N* ^FO] HIPNIP(PICO]IM OG]LUL]LIW OPI YJMIP]OAIJ @\ LJUIW]HIJ] @OJAIPW4

 OJW^IP ; QWFD^ W0?(0? FIPI*X ]FI LJUIW]HIJ] @OJALJN GDHHYJL]\ LW LJUDCUIM ^L]F

HIPNIPW LJ O JYH@IP DE ^O\W* WIUIPOC DE ]FIWI OG]LUL]LIW OPI; &?, FICRLJN ]D OPPOJNI HIPNIPW# &0, OLMLJN ]OPNI] GDHROJLIW LJ MIUICDRLJN OJM LHRCIHIJ]LJN MIEIJWLUI ]OG]LGW# &7, FICRLJN ]D UOCYI ]OPNI] GDHROJLIW# &=, FICRLJN ]D ELJOJGI HIPNIPW# OJM &9, PLWA OP@L]PONI(( WRIGYCO]LJN LJ ]FI W]DGAW DE GDHROJLIW ]FO] OPI CLAIC\ ]OAIDUIP ]OPNI]W*

References

Related documents