Study Guide Cells Unit Test
Matching. Write the letter of the correct response on the line. You may use the responses more than once.
A. proteins B. simple carbohydrates C. complex carbohydrates D. lipids
__B___ 1. Source of quick energy for cells.
__A___ 2. Steak, Chicken, turkey __C___ 3. Starch
__A___ 4. DNA holds the instructions for making these __D,C_ 5. Source of slow burning energy
__D___ 6. May be stored as fat; repels water __B___ 7. Apples, pears, and grapefruit __A___ 8. Made of amino acids
__A___ 9. Used by body to repair or build new parts such as hair, nails or muscles.
__C___ 10. Carbohydrates such as bread, pasta, or baked potatoes.
11. How are cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems related?
(List how each is related to the next, i.e.
tissues are made of cells that work together, organs are…)
Tissues are made of cells that work together, organs are made of tissues that work together, and organ systems are made of organs that work together
12. Define homeostasis. Describe an example of how your body maintains homeostasis.
Keeping your internal environment the same.
Example: Sweating when it is hot outside to keep your body temperature at 98.6 °F
13. List 5 characteristics shared by all living things.
__Respond to stimuli____________
__Use energy___________________
__Reproduce___________________
__Grow and Develop______________
__Made of one or more cells______
14. Compare a plant cell to an animal cell.
Name 3 differences between plant and animal cells.
a. _Plant cells are rectangular. Animal cells are more circular._____
b. _Plant cells have chloroplasts and cell walls. Animal cells do not.____
c. _Plant cells have a large vacuole. Animal cells have a small vacuole.____
Name 3 similarities between plant and animal cells.
a. _Both are eukaryotic—have a nucleus_____
b. _Both have a cell membrane, mitochondria, cytoplasm____
c. _Both do cellular respiration________________
15. You discover an organism that has 15 different kinds of cells, contains 4 organs, and 2 organ systems.
You can conclude that this new organism is:
a. unicellular b. multicellular c. prokaryotic
d. in the plant kingdom
Match the cell to the description. Some choices will be used more than once.
A. Animal Cell B. Plant Cell C. Bacterial Cell
_A, B____ 16. Which will do cellular respiration?
_A_____ 17. Which produces lactic acid if it is overworked?
_B_____ 18. Which will do photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Mnemonic Device:
Richie Rich Enjoys Calling Girls
_C_____ 19. Prokaryotic __A, B___ 20. Eukaryotic
21. Which process do ALL human cells do? (Photosynthesis, Fermentation, or Cellular Respiration) _____Cellular Respiration; all cells can reproduce.___________________________________
22. Write the function for each organelle:
Cell wall – provides structure and strength for plant cells Cell membrane – lets materials in and out of the cell Mitochondria – makes ATP, gives the cell energy Ribosomes – builds proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum – “tunnels” that transport materials in the cell Golgi Complex – packages and transports materials OUT of the cell Cytoplasm – watery substance the organelles “float” in
Nucleus – the control center of the cell
Nucleolus – where the materials to make ribosomes are stored
Chloroplast – the place where photosynthesis happens (holds the chlorophyll) Vacuoles – holds liquids and wastes
DNA – instructions on how to make proteins
23. Provide two examples for each of the following: (answers will vary)
Cell – (1.)__Red Blood Cell___________(2.) ___Skin Cell_____________________
Tissue- (1.)__Bone Tissue____________(2.) __Nerve Tissue_________________
Organ- (1.)__Brain___________________ (2.)_____Stomach__________________________
Organ System- (1.)___Nervous_________ (2.) ___Digestive____________________________
24. Fill in the following chart for the systems of the body:
System of the Body Examples of 3 Organs Major Function of the System
Muscular
Biceps, Heart, tendons, Movement
Skeletal
Cartilage, Ligament, Femur
Protect organs, movement, produce Red Blood Cells
Circulatory
Heart, Arteries, Veins Carry oxygen and nutrients to tissues
Respiratory
Lungs, Heart, trachea Oxygen exchange
Nervous
Brain, Spinal Cord, Eyes Communicate between brain and organs,
Match the name of the organelle involved in the following processes.
_E, D 25. diffusion A. chloroplasts
_C __ 26. respiration B. nucleus
_A,E _27. photosynthesis C. mitochondria
_D, E 28. osmosis D. cell membrane
__C_ 29. ATP production E. vacuole
Identify the process described in the following examples.
Choose from these words: Osmosis, diffusion, active transport, fermentation, photosynthesis, respiration.30. spraying perfume _Diffusion___________________________
31. smelling vanilla through a balloon _Diffusion_____________________________
32. raisins becoming plump in water __Osmosis_____________________________
33. chloroplasts using sunlight to make glucose __Photosynthesis______________
34. mitochondria using glucose and oxygen __Cellular Respiration_____________
35. lactic acid building in your muscles ___Fermentation___________________
36. Discuss the following:
a. Active Transport: Moving molecules using energy. Could move molecules against the concentration gradient, from Low to High or could be moving molecules that are too large to easily pass through the cell membrane.
b. Endocytosis: Cell taking in molecules that are too large to pass through the cell membrane.
Cell membrane wraps around molecule creating a vesicle. Example: White Blood Cells c. Exocytosis: Cell getting rid of things that are too large or dangerous to pass through the cell
membrane. Example: Stomach cells releasing digestive enzymes.
37. Write the equation for cellular respiration.
Glucose + Oxygen ATP + Carbon Dioxide + Water
38. Write the equation for photosynthesis.
Sunlight + Water + Carbon Dioxide Glucose + Oxygen
39. How are photosynthesis and respiration related?
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are in a cycle. The materials needed for photosynthesis (Water and carbon dioxide) are the materials given off by respiration; the materials needed for respiration (glucose and oxygen) are the materials given off by photosynthesis.
40. Why would a muscle or yeast cell need to do fermentation? There is no oxygen present, but the cell needs energy.
41. Besides osmosis and diffusion, what are 2 other ways that cells can move materials in and out of the cell?
Cells could use energy during active transport to move particles against the norm (moving from low to high) or to move molecule that are a little too big. The cell can use endocytosis and exocytosis to move particles in and out of the cell.
42. Identify the functions of the following parts of a microscope:
a. Course Adjustment: Use first to focus. Moves the stage a lot.
b. Eyepiece: Look here; magnifies 10x
c. Scanning Objective :Use first to find object. Magnifies object 4x (Total Magnification 40x) d. Diaphragm: Controls the amount light passing through the stage.
e. Fine Adjustment: Use second to focus. Moves the stage a little.
43. Look at the following diagrams.
Draw arrows
to indicate where molecules are moving.
Which molecules are moving? __Iodine______________
Which molecule can not move? __Starch_______________
This is an example of __Diffusion___________________.
Which molecules are moving? _Iodine____________________
Draw arrows to indicate where molecules are moving.
This is an example of __Equilibrium________________________
Iodine &
Water
Starch &
Water
Iodine Iodine
Read the following scenario and answer the questions that follow.
Nick’s mother packed him sliced apples in his lunch everyday. Nick was disappointed when he would open his lunch and find brown, mushy apples. Nick decided that he would try to find a way to keep his sliced apples crisp and white. He packed apple slices 3 different ways and recorded his observations in the chart below.
Appearance Texture
Apple Slices brown Soft and mushy
Apple slice & ¼ cup sugar water white crisp
Apple slice & ¼ cup sugar white soft and mushy
44. What was the control in the experiment?
The plain apple slices are the control.
45. What was the independent variable? (“I” changed)
The independent variable is the sugar and water that was added to the apple slices.
Which molecules are moving? _Water______________
Draw arrows to indicate where molecules are moving.
This is an example of
__Osmosis____________________________.
Water Sugar &
Water
46. What was the dependent variable? (how are you going to know a change happened?) The dependent variable is the observed appearance and texture of the apples.
47. Using your knowledge of diffusion, explain why the apple slice was crisp when stored in sugar water but soft when stored in sugar.
The water in the apple is in equilibrium with the sugar water. There is not much movement of water in or out so the apple stays crisp. The apple placed in sugar will lose water because the apple has a higher concentration of water than the plain sugar. Water leaving the apple will cause it to become soft.
48. Label the diagram.
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
DNA Nucleolus
ER
Chloroplast
Golgi Complex x
Mitochondria Vacuole
Ribosomes
Nucleus
49.
Scientist Discovery
Hooke Discovered cells.
Schleiden “All plants are made of cells”
Schwann “All animals are made of cells”
Virchow “All cells come from other cells.”
50. Identify 2 examples of stimulus/response:
a. stimulus: Bright light b. response: Pupils get smaller a. stimulus: Hot temperature b. response: You begin to sweat
51. What is metabolism?
The chemical reactions that keep you alive (cellular respiration, etc.)
49.
Scientist Discovery
Hooke Schleiden Schwann
Virchow
50. Identify 2 examples of stimulus/response:
a. stimulus: b. response:
a. stimulus: b. response:
51. What is metabolism?
