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LCCI – QES Q2 2016

METHODOLOGY NOTE

ComRes interviewed 508 London business decision makers online between 16

th

May and 6

th

June 2016. Data were weighted to be

representative of all London businesses by company size and broad industry sector. ComRes is a member of the British Polling Council and

abides by its rules.

All press releases or other publications must be checked with ComRes before use. ComRes requires 48 hours to check a press release unless

otherwise agreed.

To commission a voting intention poll or a public opinion survey please contact Tom Mludzinski: [email protected]

To register for Pollwatch, a monthly newsletter update on the polls, please email: [email protected]

(2)

possible impact of this charge on your business, to what extent, if at all, do you agree with each of the following statements?

SUMMARY TABLE

Base: All respondents

Total Agree strongly Tend to agree Tend to disagree Disagree strongly Don't know Net: Agree Net: Disagree Mean

My business will be able to afford the charge 508 20 84 123 95 186 104 218 2.1

100% 4% 16% 24% 19% 37% 21% 43%

The charge will lead to skills gaps in my

business 508 27 85 146 82 168 112 228 2.2

100% 5% 17% 29% 16% 33% 22% 45%

In order to employ workers on Tier 2 visas,

my business will need to cut costs elsewhere 508 52 115 96 54 191 167 150 2.5

100% 10% 23% 19% 11% 38% 33% 30%

The charge will encourage my business to train or hire British/EEA employees instead of

hiring non-EEA nationals 508 49 132 92 60 175 181 152 2.5

100% 10% 26% 18% 12% 34% 36% 30%

(3)

possible impact of this charge on your business, to what extent, if at all, do you agree with each of the following statements?

My business will be able to afford the charge

Base: All respondents

BUSINESS SIZE INDUSTRY MANUFACTURING/SERVICES

Total 0-9 10+

Agriculture, forestry & fishing

/ production

Construction / property

Motor trades / wholesale / retail

/ transport &

storage / accommodation

& food services

Information &

communication

Finance &

insurance / business administration

and support

Professional, scientific &

technical

Public administration and defence / education /

health

Arts, entertainment, recreation and

other services Manufacturing Services

Significance Level: 95% a b *c d e f g h i j k l

Unweighted Total 508 375 133 13 54 90 52 78 108 49 64 35 473

Weighted Total 508 455 53 18 71 105 68 58 120 30 38 44 464

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Agree strongly (4) 20 15 6 4 1 * 1 3 8 2 1 5 16

4% 3% 11% 21% 1% * 2% 5% 7% 5% 4% 11% 3%

a e l

Tend to agree (3) 84 64 20 2 18 14 9 10 22 4 5 7 77

16% 14% 37% 12% 25% 14% 13% 17% 18% 14% 12% 15% 17%

a

Tend to disagree (2) 123 110 13 4 14 24 16 16 32 9 9 6 117

24% 24% 24% 21% 20% 23% 23% 28% 27% 29% 23% 14% 25%

Disagree strongly (1) 95 89 6 5 18 23 2 10 23 5 9 15 80

19% 20% 11% 28% 26% 22% 3% 17% 19% 16% 25% 35% 17%

b f f f f f f l

Don't know 186 177 9 3 19 43 40 20 36 11 14 11 175

37% 39% 17% 18% 28% 41% 59% 34% 30% 36% 37% 25% 38%

b deghij

NETS

Net: Agree 104 79 25 6 19 15 10 13 30 6 6 11 93

21% 17% 48% 33% 26% 14% 15% 22% 25% 19% 16% 26% 20%

a

Net: Disagree 218 200 18 9 32 47 18 26 55 13 18 21 197

43% 44% 35% 49% 46% 45% 26% 44% 45% 44% 47% 49% 42%

f f f f f

Mean score 2.1 2.0 2.6 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.1

a e

Columns Tested: a,b - c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j - k,l

(4)

possible impact of this charge on your business, to what extent, if at all, do you agree with each of the following statements?

My business will be able to afford the charge

Base: All respondents

BUSINESS SIZE INDUSTRY MANUFACTURING/SERVICES

Total 0-9 10+

Agriculture, forestry & fishing

/ production

Construction / property

Motor trades / wholesale / retail

/ transport &

storage / accommodation

& food services

Information &

communication

Finance &

insurance / business administration

and support

Professional, scientific &

technical

Public administration and defence / education /

health

Arts, entertainment, recreation and

other services Manufacturing Services

Significance Level: 95% a b *c d e f g h i j k l

Unweighted Total 508 375 133 13 54 90 52 78 108 49 64 35 473

Weighted Total 508 455 53 18 71 105 68 58 120 30 38 44 464

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Standard deviation .90 .87 .88 1.23 .89 .79 .70 .89 .95 .90 .91 1.14 .87

Standard error .05 .06 .08 .37 .14 .11 .14 .12 .11 .16 .14 .22 .05

Columns Tested: a,b - c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j - k,l

(5)

possible impact of this charge on your business, to what extent, if at all, do you agree with each of the following statements?

My business will be able to afford the charge

Base: All respondents

LOCATION EXPECTED CHANGES IN WORKFORCE SIZE PAST RECRUITMENT CAPACITY EXPECTED PRICES

Total Inner London Outer London Increase Stay the same Fall Tried to recruit

Did not try to

recruit Full capacity Below capacity Rise Stay the same Fall

Significance Level: 95% a b c d *e f g h i j k *l

Unweighted Total 508 284 224 85 400 23 128 380 200 308 106 381 21

Weighted Total 508 268 240 67 419 22 87 421 187 321 107 381 20

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Agree strongly (4) 20 16 4 7 12 1 7 13 9 11 5 14 1

4% 6% 2% 11% 3% 4% 8% 3% 5% 3% 5% 4% 5%

b d g

Tend to agree (3) 84 53 31 17 64 2 22 62 39 44 16 67 1

16% 20% 13% 26% 15% 11% 26% 15% 21% 14% 15% 18% 4%

b d g i

Tend to disagree (2) 123 64 60 18 100 6 23 100 41 83 22 93 8

24% 24% 25% 26% 24% 27% 26% 24% 22% 26% 21% 24% 40%

Disagree strongly (1) 95 49 46 11 75 8 21 74 34 61 26 63 6

19% 18% 19% 17% 18% 38% 24% 18% 18% 19% 24% 17% 31%

Don't know 186 86 100 13 168 4 13 172 64 122 37 144 4

37% 32% 41% 20% 40% 20% 15% 41% 34% 38% 35% 38% 20%

a c f

NETS

Net: Agree 104 69 35 25 76 3 29 75 49 55 21 81 2

21% 26% 15% 37% 18% 15% 34% 18% 26% 17% 20% 21% 9%

b d g i

Net: Disagree 218 113 105 29 175 14 44 174 74 144 48 155 14

43% 42% 44% 43% 42% 65% 51% 41% 40% 45% 45% 41% 71%

Mean score 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.4 2.1 1.8 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.8

b d

Standard deviation .90 .94 .82 .97 .87 .90 .98 .87 .93 .87 .96 .88 .83

Standard error .05 .07 .07 .12 .05 .21 .09 .06 .08 .06 .12 .05 .20

Columns Tested: a,b - c,d,e - f,g - h,i - j,k,l

(6)

possible impact of this charge on your business, to what extent, if at all, do you agree with each of the following statements?

The charge will lead to skills gaps in my business

Base: All respondents

BUSINESS SIZE INDUSTRY MANUFACTURING/SERVICES

Total 0-9 10+

Agriculture, forestry & fishing

/ production

Construction / property

Motor trades / wholesale / retail

/ transport &

storage / accommodation

& food services

Information &

communication

Finance &

insurance / business administration

and support

Professional, scientific &

technical

Public administration and defence / education /

health

Arts, entertainment, recreation and

other services Manufacturing Services

Significance Level: 95% a b *c d e f g h i j k l

Unweighted Total 508 375 133 13 54 90 52 78 108 49 64 35 473

Weighted Total 508 455 53 18 71 105 68 58 120 30 38 44 464

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Agree strongly (4) 27 20 7 - 3 6 3 4 5 2 4 1 26

5% 4% 13% - 5% 6% 4% 6% 4% 6% 11% 2% 6%

a

Tend to agree (3) 85 73 13 5 17 18 11 6 17 5 5 11 74

17% 16% 24% 28% 24% 18% 16% 10% 14% 18% 14% 26% 16%

a g

Tend to disagree (2) 146 129 17 8 20 29 18 18 38 7 8 9 137

29% 28% 33% 42% 28% 28% 26% 31% 32% 23% 22% 21% 29%

Disagree strongly (1) 82 74 8 4 12 8 10 12 23 5 9 12 70

16% 16% 14% 21% 16% 8% 14% 21% 19% 16% 23% 27% 15%

e e e

Don't know 168 160 8 2 18 43 27 18 37 11 12 10 158

33% 35% 16% 9% 26% 41% 39% 32% 30% 37% 31% 24% 34%

b NETS

Net: Agree 112 93 19 5 20 25 14 9 23 7 9 12 100

22% 20% 37% 28% 29% 23% 20% 16% 19% 24% 25% 28% 22%

a

Net: Disagree 228 203 25 12 32 37 27 30 61 12 17 21 207

45% 45% 47% 63% 45% 35% 40% 52% 51% 39% 45% 48% 44%

e e

Mean score 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.2

a gh

Columns Tested: a,b - c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j - k,l

(7)

possible impact of this charge on your business, to what extent, if at all, do you agree with each of the following statements?

The charge will lead to skills gaps in my business

Base: All respondents

BUSINESS SIZE INDUSTRY MANUFACTURING/SERVICES

Total 0-9 10+

Agriculture, forestry & fishing

/ production

Construction / property

Motor trades / wholesale / retail

/ transport &

storage / accommodation

& food services

Information &

communication

Finance &

insurance / business administration

and support

Professional, scientific &

technical

Public administration and defence / education /

health

Arts, entertainment, recreation and

other services Manufacturing Services

Significance Level: 95% a b *c d e f g h i j k l

Unweighted Total 508 375 133 13 54 90 52 78 108 49 64 35 473

Weighted Total 508 455 53 18 71 105 68 58 120 30 38 44 464

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Standard deviation .88 .87 .95 .75 .88 .84 .87 .91 .86 .97 1.07 .91 .88

Standard error .05 .06 .09 .22 .14 .11 .15 .12 .10 .17 .16 .17 .05

Columns Tested: a,b - c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j - k,l

(8)

possible impact of this charge on your business, to what extent, if at all, do you agree with each of the following statements?

The charge will lead to skills gaps in my business

Base: All respondents

LOCATION EXPECTED CHANGES IN WORKFORCE SIZE PAST RECRUITMENT CAPACITY EXPECTED PRICES

Total Inner London Outer London Increase Stay the same Fall Tried to recruit

Did not try to

recruit Full capacity Below capacity Rise Stay the same Fall

Significance Level: 95% a b c d *e f g h i j k *l

Unweighted Total 508 284 224 85 400 23 128 380 200 308 106 381 21

Weighted Total 508 268 240 67 419 22 87 421 187 321 107 381 20

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Agree strongly (4) 27 18 9 10 12 5 12 15 13 14 8 18 1

5% 7% 4% 15% 3% 24% 14% 4% 7% 5% 8% 5% 7%

d g

Tend to agree (3) 85 55 30 20 62 3 30 55 37 49 23 58 4

17% 21% 12% 30% 15% 12% 35% 13% 20% 15% 22% 15% 19%

b d g

Tend to disagree (2) 146 78 68 21 120 5 19 127 55 91 28 111 7

29% 29% 28% 31% 29% 23% 22% 30% 29% 28% 26% 29% 36%

Disagree strongly (1) 82 45 37 6 72 4 12 70 27 54 17 61 3

16% 17% 15% 9% 17% 16% 14% 17% 15% 17% 16% 16% 15%

Don't know 168 72 96 10 153 5 14 154 56 112 30 133 5

33% 27% 40% 15% 36% 24% 16% 37% 30% 35% 28% 35% 23%

a c f

NETS

Net: Agree 112 73 39 30 74 8 42 70 49 63 32 76 5

22% 27% 16% 45% 18% 37% 48% 17% 26% 20% 29% 20% 26%

b d g k

Net: Disagree 228 123 104 27 192 9 31 197 82 146 45 172 10

45% 46% 44% 40% 46% 40% 35% 47% 44% 45% 42% 45% 51%

f

Mean score 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.6 2.1 2.6 2.6 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.2

d g

Standard deviation .88 .91 .85 .90 .83 1.18 .95 .83 .90 .87 .94 .87 .89

Standard error .05 .06 .07 .11 .05 .28 .09 .05 .07 .06 .11 .05 .22

Columns Tested: a,b - c,d,e - f,g - h,i - j,k,l

(9)

possible impact of this charge on your business, to what extent, if at all, do you agree with each of the following statements?

In order to employ workers on Tier 2 visas, my business will need to cut costs elsewhere

Base: All respondents

BUSINESS SIZE INDUSTRY MANUFACTURING/SERVICES

Total 0-9 10+

Agriculture, forestry & fishing

/ production

Construction / property

Motor trades / wholesale / retail

/ transport &

storage / accommodation

& food services

Information &

communication

Finance &

insurance / business administration

and support

Professional, scientific &

technical

Public administration and defence / education /

health

Arts, entertainment, recreation and

other services Manufacturing Services

Significance Level: 95% a b *c d e f g h i j k l

Unweighted Total 508 375 133 13 54 90 52 78 108 49 64 35 473

Weighted Total 508 455 53 18 71 105 68 58 120 30 38 44 464

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Agree strongly (4) 52 46 7 2 8 16 5 5 10 4 4 5 48

10% 10% 13% 9% 11% 15% 7% 9% 8% 12% 11% 10% 10%

Tend to agree (3) 115 101 13 5 22 23 10 11 28 8 7 11 104

23% 22% 25% 28% 31% 22% 14% 20% 23% 28% 19% 25% 22%

f

Tend to disagree (2) 96 77 19 4 13 20 12 12 24 2 9 7 89

19% 17% 36% 21% 18% 19% 18% 21% 20% 8% 23% 16% 19%

a i i

Disagree strongly (1) 54 49 5 4 3 3 7 9 18 3 7 6 48

11% 11% 9% 21% 5% 3% 10% 16% 15% 10% 19% 13% 10%

e e de

Don't know 191 182 9 4 25 43 34 20 41 13 11 16 175

38% 40% 16% 21% 35% 41% 51% 34% 34% 42% 29% 36% 38%

b hj

NETS

Net: Agree 167 147 20 7 30 39 14 17 38 12 11 15 152

33% 32% 38% 37% 42% 37% 21% 29% 31% 40% 30% 35% 33%

f f

Net: Disagree 150 126 24 8 16 23 19 21 42 5 16 12 138

30% 28% 45% 42% 22% 22% 28% 37% 35% 18% 41% 28% 30%

a ei ei dei

Mean score 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.8 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.5

ghj ghj

Columns Tested: a,b - c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j - k,l

(10)

possible impact of this charge on your business, to what extent, if at all, do you agree with each of the following statements?

In order to employ workers on Tier 2 visas, my business will need to cut costs elsewhere

Base: All respondents

BUSINESS SIZE INDUSTRY MANUFACTURING/SERVICES

Total 0-9 10+

Agriculture, forestry & fishing

/ production

Construction / property

Motor trades / wholesale / retail

/ transport &

storage / accommodation

& food services

Information &

communication

Finance &

insurance / business administration

and support

Professional, scientific &

technical

Public administration and defence / education /

health

Arts, entertainment, recreation and

other services Manufacturing Services

Significance Level: 95% a b *c d e f g h i j k l

Unweighted Total 508 375 133 13 54 90 52 78 108 49 64 35 473

Weighted Total 508 455 53 18 71 105 68 58 120 30 38 44 464

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Standard deviation .96 .97 .89 1.03 .83 .88 .98 1.00 .97 1.01 1.03 1.00 .96

Standard error .05 .06 .08 .33 .13 .12 .18 .14 .11 .19 .15 .20 .05

Columns Tested: a,b - c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j - k,l

(11)

possible impact of this charge on your business, to what extent, if at all, do you agree with each of the following statements?

In order to employ workers on Tier 2 visas, my business will need to cut costs elsewhere

Base: All respondents

LOCATION EXPECTED CHANGES IN WORKFORCE SIZE PAST RECRUITMENT CAPACITY EXPECTED PRICES

Total Inner London Outer London Increase Stay the same Fall Tried to recruit

Did not try to

recruit Full capacity Below capacity Rise Stay the same Fall

Significance Level: 95% a b c d *e f g h i j k *l

Unweighted Total 508 284 224 85 400 23 128 380 200 308 106 381 21

Weighted Total 508 268 240 67 419 22 87 421 187 321 107 381 20

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Agree strongly (4) 52 27 25 8 37 7 19 33 15 37 18 30 4

10% 10% 11% 12% 9% 30% 22% 8% 8% 12% 17% 8% 20%

g k

Tend to agree (3) 115 60 55 23 85 7 24 90 46 69 25 84 6

23% 22% 23% 34% 20% 30% 28% 21% 24% 22% 23% 22% 30%

d

Tend to disagree (2) 96 64 32 18 73 4 22 74 40 56 19 73 4

19% 24% 13% 27% 18% 20% 25% 18% 22% 17% 18% 19% 19%

b d

Disagree strongly (1) 54 28 26 6 48 - 5 49 17 37 8 43 3

11% 10% 11% 8% 12% - 6% 12% 9% 11% 7% 11% 13%

Don't know 191 89 102 12 175 4 17 174 69 122 37 150 4

38% 33% 42% 18% 42% 19% 19% 41% 37% 38% 34% 39% 18%

a c f

NETS

Net: Agree 167 87 80 31 123 13 43 124 60 107 43 114 10

33% 32% 33% 47% 29% 61% 50% 29% 32% 33% 41% 30% 50%

d g k

Net: Disagree 150 92 58 24 122 4 27 123 58 92 27 117 6

30% 34% 24% 36% 29% 20% 31% 29% 31% 29% 25% 31% 32%

b

Mean score 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.5 3.1 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.7

g k

Standard deviation .96 .93 1.00 .87 .98 .80 .92 .96 .90 1.00 .97 .94 1.05

Standard error .05 .07 .08 .10 .06 .19 .09 .06 .08 .07 .11 .06 .25

Columns Tested: a,b - c,d,e - f,g - h,i - j,k,l

(12)

possible impact of this charge on your business, to what extent, if at all, do you agree with each of the following statements?

The charge will encourage my business to train or hire British/EEA employees instead of hiring non-EEA nationals

Base: All respondents

BUSINESS SIZE INDUSTRY MANUFACTURING/SERVICES

Total 0-9 10+

Agriculture, forestry & fishing

/ production

Construction / property

Motor trades / wholesale / retail

/ transport &

storage / accommodation

& food services

Information &

communication

Finance &

insurance / business administration

and support

Professional, scientific &

technical

Public administration and defence / education /

health

Arts, entertainment, recreation and

other services Manufacturing Services

Significance Level: 95% a b *c d e f g h i j k l

Unweighted Total 508 375 133 13 54 90 52 78 108 49 64 35 473

Weighted Total 508 455 53 18 71 105 68 58 120 30 38 44 464

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Agree strongly (4) 49 41 8 2 12 16 4 3 7 2 3 7 42

10% 9% 16% 9% 17% 15% 6% 5% 6% 8% 9% 16% 9%

a gh gh

Tend to agree (3) 132 114 18 9 21 24 13 17 35 5 7 13 119

26% 25% 33% 49% 30% 23% 20% 30% 29% 16% 17% 31% 26%

Tend to disagree (2) 92 82 10 * 11 22 11 10 21 7 9 2 89

18% 18% 19% 2% 15% 21% 16% 18% 18% 25% 24% 6% 19%

k

Disagree strongly (1) 60 54 6 3 5 3 8 10 20 3 7 7 54

12% 12% 11% 18% 7% 3% 11% 18% 17% 12% 19% 15% 12%

e e e e e

Don't know 175 164 11 4 22 40 32 17 36 12 12 14 161

34% 36% 21% 21% 32% 38% 47% 30% 30% 40% 31% 33% 35%

b gh

NETS

Net: Agree 181 155 26 11 33 40 18 20 42 7 10 20 160

36% 34% 49% 58% 46% 38% 26% 35% 35% 24% 26% 47% 35%

a fij

Net: Disagree 152 136 16 4 16 25 18 20 42 11 16 9 143

30% 30% 30% 21% 22% 24% 27% 35% 35% 37% 42% 21% 31%

de

Mean score 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.7 2.5

ghij fghij

Columns Tested: a,b - c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j - k,l

(13)

possible impact of this charge on your business, to what extent, if at all, do you agree with each of the following statements?

The charge will encourage my business to train or hire British/EEA employees instead of hiring non-EEA nationals

Base: All respondents

BUSINESS SIZE INDUSTRY MANUFACTURING/SERVICES

Total 0-9 10+

Agriculture, forestry & fishing

/ production

Construction / property

Motor trades / wholesale / retail

/ transport &

storage / accommodation

& food services

Information &

communication

Finance &

insurance / business administration

and support

Professional, scientific &

technical

Public administration and defence / education /

health

Arts, entertainment, recreation and

other services Manufacturing Services

Significance Level: 95% a b *c d e f g h i j k l

Unweighted Total 508 375 133 13 54 90 52 78 108 49 64 35 473

Weighted Total 508 455 53 18 71 105 68 58 120 30 38 44 464

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Standard deviation .95 .95 .96 1.00 .92 .86 .96 .94 .94 .96 1.01 1.08 .94

Standard error .05 .06 .09 .32 .15 .11 .18 .12 .11 .17 .15 .22 .05

Columns Tested: a,b - c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j - k,l

(14)

possible impact of this charge on your business, to what extent, if at all, do you agree with each of the following statements?

The charge will encourage my business to train or hire British/EEA employees instead of hiring non-EEA nationals

Base: All respondents

LOCATION EXPECTED CHANGES IN WORKFORCE SIZE PAST RECRUITMENT CAPACITY EXPECTED PRICES

Total Inner London Outer London Increase Stay the same Fall Tried to recruit

Did not try to

recruit Full capacity Below capacity Rise Stay the same Fall

Significance Level: 95% a b c d *e f g h i j k *l

Unweighted Total 508 284 224 85 400 23 128 380 200 308 106 381 21

Weighted Total 508 268 240 67 419 22 87 421 187 321 107 381 20

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Agree strongly (4) 49 22 27 8 37 4 16 33 17 31 23 23 3

10% 8% 11% 12% 9% 17% 18% 8% 9% 10% 21% 6% 15%

g k

Tend to agree (3) 132 70 62 24 105 4 22 109 50 82 25 100 7

26% 26% 26% 35% 25% 16% 26% 26% 27% 26% 23% 26% 35%

d

Tend to disagree (2) 92 55 37 9 79 4 19 73 37 55 18 70 4

18% 21% 15% 13% 19% 20% 22% 17% 20% 17% 16% 18% 21%

Disagree strongly (1) 60 34 26 8 47 5 10 50 19 41 12 47 1

12% 13% 11% 12% 11% 23% 12% 12% 10% 13% 11% 12% 7%

Don't know 175 87 88 18 152 5 19 156 63 112 30 140 5

34% 33% 37% 27% 36% 24% 22% 37% 34% 35% 28% 37% 23%

f NETS

Net: Agree 181 92 89 31 142 7 38 142 67 113 47 123 10

36% 34% 37% 47% 34% 33% 44% 34% 36% 35% 44% 32% 50%

d g k

Net: Disagree 152 89 63 17 125 9 29 123 57 96 29 117 6

30% 33% 26% 26% 30% 43% 33% 29% 30% 30% 27% 31% 27%

Mean score 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.8

k

Standard deviation .95 .93 .98 .96 .94 1.17 1.01 .94 .92 .97 1.04 .91 .89

Standard error .05 .07 .08 .12 .06 .27 .10 .06 .08 .07 .12 .06 .22

Columns Tested: a,b - c,d,e - f,g - h,i - j,k,l

References

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