HISTORICAL NARRATIVES AND CHRISTIAN IDENTITY ON A EUROPEAN PERIPHERY

H ^ISTORICAL N ARRATIVES AND _C HRISTIAN

I DENTITY ON A _E UROPEAN _P ERIPHERY

MEDIEVAL TEXTS AND CULTURES OF NORTHERN EUROPE

Editorial Board under the auspices of the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Hull

Wendy Scase, Chair, University of Birmingham Adrian P. Tudor, Secretary, University of Hull

John H. Arnold, Birkbeck College, University of London Julia Barrow, University of Nottingham

Lesley A. Coote, University of Hull David Crouch, University of Hull Paul Hardwick, Leeds Trinity and All Saints

Alan Hindley, University of Hull Advisory Board

Andrew Ayton, University of Hull David Bagchi, University of Hull Keith Busby, University of Wisconsin–Madison

Olle Ferm, Stockholms universitet Wim Hüsken, Stedelijke Musea Mechelen Gerhard Jaritz, Central European University, Budapest

Peter Meredith, University of Leeds Veronica O’Mara, University of Hull Nigel F. Palmer, St Edmund Hall, Oxford Brigitte Schludermann, University of Hull Michel Zink, Collège de France, Membre de l’Institut

Previously published volumes in this series are listed at the back of this book VOLUME 26

H ^ISTORICAL N ARRATIVES AND _C HRISTIAN

I DENTITY ON A _E UROPEAN _P ERIPHERY

Early History Writing in Northern, East-Central,

and Eastern Europe (c. 1070–1200)

Edited by

Ildar H. Garipzanov

F H

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Historical narratives and Christian identity on a European periphery : early history writing in Northern, East-Central, and Eastern Europe (c. 1070–1200). – (Medieval texts and cultures of Northern Europe ; v. 26) 1. Historiography – Scandinavia – History – To 1500. 2. Historiography – Europe, Eastern – History – To 1500. 3. Historiography – Europe, Central – History – To 1500. 4. Christianity and literature – Scandinavia – History – To 1500. 5. Christianity and literature – Europe, Eastern – History – To 1500. 6. Christianity and literature – Europe, Central – History – To 1500. 7. Identification (Religion) – History – To 1500. 8. Christian literature, Latin (Medieval and modern) – Europe – History and criticism. 9. Literature and history – Europe – History – To 1500.

I. Series II. Garipzanov, Ildar H. 809.9'3382'09021-dc22 ISBN-13: 9782503533674

© 2011, Brepols Publishers n.v., Turnhout, Belgium

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,

electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.

D/2011/0095/218 ISBN: 978-2-503-53367-4 Printed in the E.U. on acid-free paper

C ^ONTENTS

List of Abbreviations vii

List of Contributors xi

Introduction. 1

History Writing and Christian Identity on a European Periphery

ILDAR H. GARIPZANOV

1. Christianity and Paganism in Adam of Bremen’s Narrative 13

ILDAR H. GARIPZANOV

Part One. Early Scandinavian Historical Narratives in Latin

MICHAEL H. GELTING

3. Historia Norwegie and Sven Aggesen: Two Pioneers in Comparison 57

LARS BOJE MORTENSEN

4. Theodoricus Monachus: 71

The Kingdom of Norway and the History of Salvation

SVERRE BAGGE

Part Two. Early Scandinavian Historical Narratives in Old Norse

THEODORE M. ANDERSSON

6. Íslendingabók: The Creation of an Icelandic Christian Identity 111

ELSE MUNDAL

7. Whetting the Appetite for a Vernacular Literature: 123 The Icelandic Hungrvaka

JONAS WELLENDORF

Part Three. Early Historical Narratives in East-Central Europe

8. A New Chosen People? 145

Gallus Anonymus’s Narrative about Poland and its Rulers

ZBIGNIEW DALEWSKI

9. Christian Identity in the Chronicle of the Czechs by Cosmas of Prague 167

JÁNOS M. BAK

10. ‘More paganismo’: Reflections on the Pagan and Christian Past 183 in the Gesta Hungarorum of the Hungarian Anonymous Notary

LÁSZLÓ VESZPRÉMY

Part Four. Early Historical Narratives in Eastern Europe

11. Christian Chronology, Universal History, 205

and the Origin of Chronicle Writing in Rus’

OLEKSIY P. TOLOCHKO

12. Pagan Past and Christian Identity in the Primary Chronicle 229

DONALD OSTROWSKI

13. Christian Identity in the Early Novgorodian Annalistic Writing 255

TIMOFEY V. GUIMON

Index 277

A BBREVIATIONS

Adam, Gesta Adam of Bremen, Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum, ed. by Bernhard Schmeidler, MGH SRG, 2 (Hannover: Hahn, 1917).

Aggesen, Brevis historia Sven Aggesen, Brevis historia regum Dacie, ed. by Martin Clarentius Gertz, in SMHD, I, 94–141. Ágrip Ágrip af Nóregskonungaso3gum: A Twelfth-Century

Synoptic History of the Kings of Norway, ed. and trans. by Matthew J. Driscoll (London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 1995).

Ailnoth, Gesta Ailnoth, Gesta Swenomagni regis et filiorum eius et passio gloriosissimi Canuti regis et martyris, in Vitae sanctorum Danorum, ed. by Martin Clarentius Gertz (Copenhagen: Gad, 1908–12), pp. 77–136.

Christianization Christianization and the Rise of Christian Monarchy: Scandinavia, Central Europe and Rus’ c. 900–1200, ed. by Nora Berend (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007).

Chronicon Roskildense Chronicon Roskildense, ed. by Martin Clarentius Gertz, in SMHD, I, 14–33.

Cosmas, Chronica Die Chronik der Böhmen von Cosmas von Prag, ed. by Bertold Bretholz and W. Weinberger, MGH SRG ns, 2 (Berlin: Weidmann, 1923; repr. Munich: MGH, 1980).

Abbreviations viii

DD Diplomatarium Danicum, 4th series (Copenhagen,

1938–2002).

Gallus, Cronicae Galli Anonymi Cronicae et gesta ducum sive principum Polonorum, ed. by Karol Maleczyn´ski, Monumenta Poloniae Historica n. s., 2 (Cracow: Polska Akademia Umieje3tnos´ci, 1952).

Gesta Hungarorum Die Gesta Hungarorum des anonymen Notars: Die älteste Darstellung der ungarischen Geschichte, ed. by Gabriel Silagi (Sigmaringen: Thorbecke, 1991). GPP Gesta principum Polonorum: The Deeds of the Princes of

the Poles, ed. and trans. by Paul W. Knoll and Frank Schaer, Central European Medieval Texts, 3 (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2003).

Historia Norwegie Historia Norwegie, ed. by Inger Ekrem and Lars Boje Mortensen, trans. by Peter Fisher (Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum, 2003).

Hungrvaka Biskupa sögur, II, ed. by Ásdís Egilsdóttir, Íslenzk fornrit, 16 (Reykjavík: Hið íslenzka fornritafélag, 2002), pp. 1–43.

Íslendingabók Íslendingabók, ed. by Jakob Benediktsson, Íslenzk forn- rit, 1. 1 (Reykjavík: Hið íslenzka fornritafélag, 1968), pp. 3–28.

Making of Christian Myths

The Making of Christian Myths in the Periphery of Latin Christendom (c. 1000–1300), ed. by Lars Boje Mortensen (Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum, 2006).

MGH Monumenta Germaniae Historica

MGH AA Auctores antiquissimi

MGH SRG Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum MGH SRG ns Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, nova series

MGH SS Scriptores (in folio)

Abbreviations ix PSRL Polnoje sobranije russkikh letopisej, 44 vols to date (St Petersburg, Leningrad, and Moscow: Akademija Nauk SSSR; Moscow: Jazyki slavianskoj kul’tury, 1908–). PVL The Povest’ vremennykh let: An Interlinear Collation,

comp. and ed. by Donald Ostrowski, 3 vols, Harvard Library of Early Ukrainian Literature, 10 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, 2003). SMHD Scriptores minores historiæ Danicæ medii ævi, ed. by

Martin Clarentius Gertz, 2 vols (Copenhagen: Gad, 1917–22; repr. Copenhagen: Selskabet for Udgivelse af Kilder til Dansk Historie, 1970).

SRH Scriptores rerum Hungaricarum tempore ducum

regumque stirpis Arpadianae gestarum, ed. by Emericus Szentpétery, 2 vols (Budapest: Regia Universitas, 1937–38).

Theodoricus, Historia Theodoricus Monachus, Historia de antiquitate regum norwagiensium, in Monumenta Historica Norvegiae: Latinske kildeskrifter til Norges historie i middelalderen, ed. by Gustav Storm (Kristiania: Brøgger, 1880; repr. Oslo: Aas & Wahl, 1973), pp. 1–68.

C ONTRIBUTORS

Theodore M. Andersson is Professor Emeritus of Germanic Studies at Indiana University, Bloomington. He has specialized in Norse-Icelandic studies and early German literature, and is currently working on Carolingian poetry. His most recent book is The Growth of the Medieval Icelandic Sagas (1180–1280) (2006). Sverre Bagge is Professor of Medieval History and Director of the Centre for Medieval Studies at the University of Bergen. He has published extensively on medieval historiography and political thought and Scandinavian medieval history, including Kings, Politics, and the Right Order of the World in German Historiography c. 950–1150 (2002) and From Viking Stronghold to Christian Kingdom (2010). He was awarded the Møbius Prize 2008.

János M. Bak is Professor Emeritus of Medieval History at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, and the Central European University, Budapest. He has worked extensively on medieval kingship and Central European medieval history. He is currently one of the general editors of the Medieval Laws of Hungary and of the series ‘Central European Medieval Texts’, which will include a bilingual edition of the Chronicle of Cosmas of Prague.

Zbigniew Dalewski is Professor of Medieval History at the Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, and at the University of Bialystok. He specializes in the issues of political culture and historiography in medieval East- Central Europe. His publications include Ritual and Politics: Writing the History of Dynastic Conflict in Medieval Poland (2008).

Ildar H. Garipzanov is Senior Researcher at the Centre for Medieval Studies, Uni- versity of Bergen, where he runs the research project ‘The “Forging” of Christian Identity in the Northern Periphery’ (2007–12). He has wide research interests in

Contributors xii

early medieval European history and the social and religious history of Scandinavia in the period 750–1150, and authored The Symbolic Language of Authority in the Carolingian World (2008).

Michael H. Gelting is Senior Research Archivist at the Danish National Archives (Rigsarkivet) in Copenhagen and Professor of Scandinavian Studies at the Uni- versity of Aberdeen. His current research concentrates on the history of medieval Denmark from the tenth to the fourteenth centuries, especially legal history. Among his publications is a commented Danish translation of the Chronicle of Roskilde (2002).

Timofey V. Guimon is Senior Researcher at the Institute of Universal History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. He specializes in medieval chronicle studies, with a particular focus on early Rus’ and Anglo-Saxon chronicle writing, which is the main topic of his forthcoming monograph Istoriopisanie rannesred- nevekovoi Anglii i Drevnei Rusi: Sravnitel’noe issledovanie (History writing in early medieval England and early Rus’: a comparative study) (2011).

Lars Boje Mortensen is Professor of Ancient and Medieval Cultural History at the University of Southern Denmark, Odense, and Professor II in Medieval Latin at the University of Bergen. He is presently a co-organizer of the major international collaborative project ‘Literary Interfaces of Medieval European Societies’. He has published in the fields of medieval Latin philology and the history of medieval learning and literature, and co-edited a bilingual edition of Historie Norwegie (2003).

Else Mundal is Professor of Old Norse Philology at the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Bergen. Her main areas of research are Old Norse saga literature, Eddic and skaldic poetry, Old Norse mythology, the relationship between oral tradition and written literature, and the impact of Christianization on Old Norse culture. She has published widely within all these fields.

Donald Ostrowski is Research Advisor in Social Sciences and Lecturer in History at Harvard University’s Extension School. With research interests in the textual and cultural history of Kievan and Moscovite Rus’, his publications include The Povest’ vremennykh let: An Interlinear Collation and Paradosis (2003).

Oleksiy P. Tolochko is Director of the Center for Kievan Rus’ Studies at the Institute of Ukrainian History, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev. His research has addressed various topics of medieval and early modern history of Eastern Europe. His most recent book is Kratkaia redaktsiia Pravdy Russkoi:

Contributors xiii proiskhozhdenie teksta (The Short Version of ‘Pravda Ruskaia’: the origin of the text) (2010).

László Veszprémy is Director of the Institute of Military History, Budapest. His research interests lie in the field of military history and Latin historiography and palaeography. He has co-edited several Central European medieval texts, most recently a bilingual edition of The Deeds of the Hungarians of the Hungarian Anonymous Notary (2010).

Jonas Wellendorf is Research Fellow at the Centre for Medieval Studies, Uni- versity of Bergen. He is especially interested in interplays between vernacular and Latin literatures and languages in the Scandinavian Middle Ages. His publications deal with medieval Scandinavian literature, mythology, and conceptions of the past, and include Kristelig visionslitteratur i norrøn tradition (Christian visionary literature in Old Norse tradition) (2009).