466 | P a g e
A STUDY OF MOVABLE CREST SLUICE GATE
DEVICE ON THE BASIS OF SHAPE AND SIZE
Mohammad Faisal Khan
Research Scholar, OPJS University, Churu, Rajastan (India)
ABSTRACT
S l u i c e g a t e s a r e t y p i c a l l y i n s t a l l e d i n o p e n c h a n n e l s s u c h a s s t r e a m s t o d e t e r m i n e d i s c h a r g e ( f l o w r a t e ) a n d t o d i v e r t f l o w ; t h e b a s i c p r i n c i p l e i s t h a t d i s c h a r g e i s d i r e c t l y r e l a t e d t o t h e w a t e r d e p t h. S l u i c e g a t e s a r e e x t e n s i v e l y u s e d i n h y d r a u l i c s t r u c t u r e s t o c o n t r o l t h e f l o w d e p t h a n d d i s c h a r g e . I n t h i s p a p e r , I h a v e s t u d y o f m o v a b l e c r e s t s l u i c e g a t e o n t h e b a s i s s h a p e a n d s i z e .
Key words:-Q, g, y, a, L, Cd, Cc,K
1,I INTRODUCTION
T he s t ud y c o ns i s t s o f t wo p a r t s . I n f i r s t p a r t v a r i o u s t yp e s o f ga t e s u s e d i n h yd r a u l i c
s t r u c t ur e s a r e d e s c r i b e d i n d e t a i l . I n s e c o nd p a r t t h e s l u i c e ga t e s u s e d i n c a na l s o r r i ve r s a r e
d e s c r i b e d wi t h r e fe r e n c e t o t h e i r a l i g n me n t a b o u t c ha n n e l a xi s .
II SL UIC E GA TE B A SED O N SH AP E/ SI ZE
B a s e d o n s h a p e / s i z e s l ui c e ga t e s a r e c l a s s i f i e d i nt o :
1 . F l a s hb o a r d s , S t o p Lo g s , A nd N e e d l e s
2 . T a i n t e r G a t e s
3 . H i n ge d - L e a f G a t e s
4 . V e r t i c a l - L i ft G a t e s
5 . B e a r -T r a p G a t e s
6 . R o l l i n g G a t e s
7 . D r u m G a t e s
8 . R o d ne y H u nt fl u s h -b o t t o m c l o s ur e s l ui c e ga t e
9 . S e l f - c o nt a i n e d s l u i c e g a t e
467 | P a g e
III O VER VI EW O F MO VAB LE - C RE ST S LUI CE GA TE D EVI CE
F l a s hb o a r d s , s t o p l o g s , a nd ne e d l e s a r e t he s i mp l e s t a nd p r o b a b l y t h e o l d e s t t yp e s o f
mo va b l e - c r e s t d e v i c e s . W he r e t he s i z e a nd t y p e o f i n s t a l l a t i o n i s s u c h t h a t t he y c a n b e
r e a d i l y ha nd l e d b y t he o p e r a t i n g fo r c e a v a i l a b l e , t he y a r e e f fi c i e n t a nd e c o no mi c a l . H o we ve r ,
w h e r e t he i n s t a l l a t i o n i s l a r g e o r wh e r e fr e q ue nt f r e s he t s r e q u i r e c o nt i n ua l ma n i p u l a t i o n, t he
o p e r a t i o n b e c o me s l a b o r i o us a n d h a z a r d o u s . T he y ma y b e o ft e n a d o p t e d wi t h c o n s i d e r a b l e
s a v i n g i n c o s t fo r p o r t i o n s o f t he s p i l l wa y t ha t wi l l b e i n u s e o n l y d ur i n g t he mo s t e xt r e me
f l o o d s . O ne e xa mp l e o f t h i s u s e a t t h e W y ma n D a m o n t h e P e no b s c o t R i ve r i n M a i n e . N e w
E n g l a nd i s r e p l e t e wi t h i n ge n i o u s a d o p t i o n s o f b o t h fl a s hb o a r d s a nd s t o p l o gs .
F l ashboards:
P i n S u p p o r t e d. T he mo s t c u s t o ma r y t yp e o f f l a s hb o a r d i s t ha t s up p o r t e d o n e d g e b y ve r t i c a l p i n s s e t i n p i p e s o c ke t s a l o n g t h e c r e s t o f t he d a m. T hi s fo r m i s u s ua l l yl i mi t e d t o a ma x i mu m he i g ht o f a b o ut 3 f t , t he l e n gt h o f t he b o a r d b e i n g r e d u c e d a s t h e
he i g ht i n c r e a s e s , s o t ha t t he we i g h t o f a p a ne l i s no t e xc e s s i v e fo r ha nd l i n g . U s u a l l y t he e nd s
o f t he b o a r d s o ve r l a p a t e a c h a l t e r na t e p i n, e v e r y o t he r p a ne l o f s i n gl e -t h i c k n e s s b o a r d s
b e i n g r e ve r s e d s o t h a t t h e c l e a t s wi l l b e a r a ga i n s t t he i nt e r me d i a t e p i n s . D o ub l e - t hi c k n e s s
b o a r d s a r e b u i l t wi t h a n o f f s e t a t e a c h e nd s o t ha t a d j a c e n t p a ne l s wi l l h a ve a s i n gl e
-t h i c k n e s s o v e r l a p o f s e v e r a l i nc h e s .
Fig. 2.1: Pin flash b oard arrangemen ts.
B raced
: W h e n a f l a s hb o a r d i s s o hi g h t ha t p i n s up p o r t s a l o ne a r e no t fe a s i b l e , o r wh e n ar e a d y me a ns o f t r i p p i n g i s d e s i r e d , t he p i ns o r s t a nc hi o n me mb e r ma y b e a r r a n ge d s o t he
w h o l e s up p o r t , o r ho r s e , wi l l o ve r t ur n wh e n t h e h e a d wa t e r r e a c h e s a p r e d e t e r mi n e d l e ve l , o r
468 | P a g e
ho l e s ne a r t he fo o t o f e a c h b r a c e . T he c a b l e c a n b e p ul l e d a t a n a n g l e fr o m t he b a n kd o wn s t r e a m, o r wi t h b ut t o n s a t t a c h e d , i t c a n b e p ul l e d l e n g t h wi s e t o t r i p t he b r a c e s
i nd i vi d u a l l y.
H i nged:
H i n g e d f l a s hb o a r d s h a ve t he a d va nt a ge s t ha t t h e y a r e no t l o s t wh e n t r i p p e d , a nd ,wi t h t h e p r o p e r fa c i l i t i e s , t he y c a n b e r a i s e d a g a i n s t c o n s i d e r a b l e h e a d . T he y ma y b e b u i l t
s i mp l y o r a s e l a b o r a t e l y a s t he he a d o r p r e ve n t i o n o f l e a ka g e s ma y r e q u i r e . F i g u r e 2 s ho ws a
b o a r d o f t hi s t yp e , wh i c h ma y b e c o n s i d e r a b l y v a r i e d i n d e s i g n t o me e t l o c a l c o nd i t i o n s . O n e
e nd o f e a c h p a ne l s ho ul d b e l e ft r o u g h a nd wi t h a s l i g ht o ve r l a p wh e n c o ns t r uc t e d , s o i t c a n
b e s a we d t o ma t c h t h e fi ni s h e d e nd o f t he a d j a c e nt p a ne l a t t h e t i me o f e r e c t i o n.
469 | P a g e
Stop Logs:
T he c u s t o ma r y s t o p l o g s a r e d i m e n s i o n t i mb e r s s p a n ni n g ho r i z o nt a l l y b e t we e nve r t i c a l gr o o ve s i n a d j a c e nt p i e r s . T he y a r e b ui l t up o ne o n a no t h e r , a ve r t i c a l b u l k he a d
b e i n g fo r me d fr o m t he c r e s t o f t he s p i l l wa y t o t he he a d wa t e r l e v e l . T he y ma y va r y i n s i z e
fr o m s h o r t l e n g t h s , wh i c h c a n b e ha nd l e d b y o ne ma n, t o s i z e s l i mi t e d o n l y b y t h e s p a n a nd
t h e c a p a c i t y o f a p o we r wi nc h t o r a i s e t h e m. A me a n s o f h a nd l i n g i s p r o v i d e d b y c u t t i n g a
l o n g i t ud i na l s l o t v e r t i c a l l y t hr o u g h t he t i m b e r n e a r e a c h e nd . A b o l t i s t h e n p a s s e d
t r a n s ve r s e l y t hr o u g h t hi s s l o t o n t he ho r i z o nt a l c e nt e r l i ne o f t h e t i mb e r . A p i k e p o l e ha v i n g
a s p e c i a l ho o k wi t h a l i n e a t t a c he d i s l o we r e d d o wn t h e gr o o ve i n t h e p i e r u nt i l t he ho o k
e n t e r s t he s l o t a nd e n g a g e s t h e b o l t , a f t e r wh i c h t h e l i ne ma y b e ho i s t e d b y ha nd o r b y a
p o we r wi nc h :
S i n c e t he l o gs mu s t b e ha nd l e d t hr o u g h o ve r fl o wi n g wa t e r , i t i s i mp e r a t i ve t ha t t h e gr o o ve s
i n t he p i e r s b e ma d e a mp l y d e e p t o p r o t e c t t h e ho i s t i n g d e v i c e fr o m t h e c ur r e nt d ur i n g t he
f i s h i n g o p e r a t i o n. T h i s d e p t h i s u s ua l l y d e e p e r t ha n t h e a l l o wa b l e b e a r i n g s t r e s s o f t h e t i mb e r
r e q u i r e s a nd , fo r a n y c o n s i d e r a b l e d e p t h o f o v e r f l o w) .
Stanchi on Ty pe:
W he r e a p o r t i o n o f t h e s p i l l wa y i s u s e d i n fr e q u e nt l y, d ur i n g e xc e s s i vef l o o d s , t he s t a nc hi o n t y p e o f s t o p l o g i s e c o no mi c a l a nd i s e a s i l y o p e r a t e d . A s s ho wn i n F i g.
4 , t h e o p e ni n g b e t we e n p i e r s i s d i v i d e d i n t o s e ve r a l s ho r t b a ys b y ve r t i c a l b e a ms wh i c h a r e
hi n g e d t o t he r u n wa y a t t h e t o p a n d s e a t e d i n t he s p i l l wa y c r e s t a t t he b o t t o m. T he s e b a ys a r e
c l o s e d b y s ma l l s t o p l o g s . B y j a c k i n g up t h e b e a ms s l i g h t l y, t he y a r e u n s e a t e d a t t he b o t t o m
a nd
swing free; thi s action rel eas es the st op logs.
N e e d l e s : N e e d l e s a r e s e t o n e nd s i d e b y s i d e t o c l o s e a n o p e ni n g . T he y a r e s up p o r t e d a t t he
t o p b y a r u n wa y, fr o m w h i c h t h e y a r e h a nd l e d , a nd a r e s up p o r t e d a t t h e b o t t o m b y a l e d g e o n
t h e s i l l o r s p i l l wa y c r e s t . T h e y a r e u s ua l l y ma d e o f d i me n s i o n t i mb e r s . T he mo s t o ut s t a nd i n g
e x a mp l e o f t he i r us e i s a t t he B o n ne t C a r r e s p i l l wa y o n t he M i s s i s s i p p i a b o v e N e w O r l e a n s .
N e e d l e s a r e s o me wh a t d i f fi c u l t t o p l a c e i n s w i ft wa t e r o f c o n s i d e r a b l e d e p t h. H e nc e , t he i r
u s e i s l a r g e l y c o n f i ne d t o e me r g e nc y s p i l l wa ys w h e r e t he y a r e s e l d o m r a i s e d a nd wh e r e t he y
c a n r e a d i l y b e r e p l a c e d a ft e r f l o o d wa t e r s ha ve r e c e d e d . F o r e me r ge n c y b u l k he a d
c o n s t r uc t i o n i n s t i l l wa t e r , ne e d l e s a r e p r e fe r a b l e t o s t o p l o gs fo r t h e r e a s o n t h a t t h e y s i n k
r e a d i l y a nd c a n b e s t a u nc h e d a s p l a c e d . O n t h e o t h e r ha nd , i t i s d i f f i c u l t t o ho l d s t o p l o gs
470 | P a g e
b ul k h e a d h a s b e e n p l a c e d a nd a d i f f e r e n t i a l h e a d e s t a b l i s h e d , t he fr i c t i o n a l r e s i s t a nc e ma yb e c o me s o gr e a t t ha t t he l o gs c a n no t b e f o r c e d i nt o p o s i t i o n t o c l o s e t h e l e a k s b e t we e n t he m.
471 | P a g e
IV CO NC LU DIN G R EMARK S
T he a b o ve r e vi e w o f l i t e r a t ur e r e ve a l s t h e fo l l o w i n g s i g ni f i c a nt f a c t s :
Lo t o f wo r k s ha s b e e n c a r r i e d o ut b y v a r i o u s i n ve s t i ga t o r s o n no r ma l a nd s i d e s l u i c e ga t e s
a nd s u i t a b l e r e l a t i o n s hi p s fo r d i s c ha r g e c o e f f i c i e n t Cd h a ve b e e n p r e s e n t e d b y t he m i n l i t e r a t ur e f o r e s t i ma t i n g f l o w r a t e i n o p e n c h a n n e l s .
O t he r no n c o n ve n t i o na l s ha p e s o f s l u i c e ga t e s w e r e a l s o t r i e d b y fe w i n v e s t i ga t o r s fo r s p e c i a l
u s e s .
I t i s fo u nd t ha t s c a nt y a l mo s t no wo r k h a s b e e n p r e s e n t e d b y a n y i n v e s t i ga t o r o n s k e w s l u i c e
ga t e s . T h us ne e d wa s f e l t t o c a r r y o u t d e t a i l s t ud y o f s ke w s l u i c e g a t e s a nd t o d e ve l o p
e mp i r i c a l r e l a t i o n s hi p f o r d i s c ha r g e c o e f fi c i e n t a s we l l a s f l o w r a t e i n t e r ms o f fl o w a nd
ge o me t r i c a l p a r a me t e r s o f s l ui c e ga t e s .
R EF ERE NC ES
1 . Go vinda Rao, N.S and Murlid har, D.’ Coefficient o f Dischar ge for Standard Sharp
Crested Weir s’, jo ur. Of Institutio n o f E ngineer , Vol 44 , 1963 -64, pp 1 0 -15.
2 . Hay, N., and T aylor, G. (1996). “A co mp uter model for the deter minatio n o f the
per for mance o f lab yr inth weirs.” 13t h
C o n gr e s s o f I A H R , ko yo t o , J a p a n, 3 6 1 -3 7 8 .
3 . Hay, N., and T aylor, G. (1970). “per for mance o f lab yr inth weir s.” J. Hydr. E ngineering,
A S C E . 9 6 ( 1 1 ) , 2 3 3 7 - 2 3 5 7 .
4 . H E C . H yd r o l o gi c E n gi n e e r i n g C e n t e r - R i ve r A na l ys i s S ys t e m ( H E C - R A S ) v e r s i o n 3 . 1 :
h yd r a u l i c r e f e r e nc e ma n ua l , N o v. 2 0 0 2 .
5 . H e nd e r s o n F . M . O p e n c h a n ne l fl o w. M a c M i l l a n P ub l i s hi n g C o . , I nc . , N e w Y o r k, 1 9 6 6 .
6 . Henr y H.R. Discussio n of ’ Diffusio n o f sub mer ged jets’ b y M. L. Albertso n, Y. B. Dai,
R . A . J e n s e n a nd H . R o u s e . T r a n s . A S C E , 1 1 5 : 6 8 7 – 6 9 4 , 1 9 5 0 .
7 . K a nd a s wa m y, P . K , a nd R o u s e , H . ( 1 9 5 7 ) . E n gi n e e r i n g, A S C E , 8 3 ( 4 ) , 2 8 6 -2 9 8 .
8 . kindsvater , C.E., and Carter, R.W. (1957). “Dischar ge char a cteristics o f thin plate
weir s,” J. hydr. E ngineering, ASCE, 83(6), 1453 -1 -1453 -36.
9 . Kind svaster Weirs and Ventur imeter s’ par t -1 thin plate W eir s, Refer ence No. I SO,
1 4 3 8 / 1 -1 9 8 0 ( E ) .
1 0 . Kraatz, D and Mahajan, 1. (1957) “S mall hydraulic Str ucture.” Irrigation and Dr aiange
