Monitoring of Noise During Ganeshotsav
Mrs. P. Saler
Assistant Prof. Environment Engineering Dept. KIT’s college of Engg., Kolhapur, Maharashtra State
Mr. Satyasheel Vibhute
Final Year Student, Environment Engineering Dept. KIT’s college of Engg., Kolhapur, Maharashtra State
ABSTRACT
Sound is a form of energy emitted by a vibrating body causing change in pressure of the surrounding elastic medium through which energy is transmitted. Noise has been defined as unwanted sound. Noise is a disturbance to the human environment which is escalating at a high rate. There are numerous effects of noise on human and environment due to the increase in noise pollution slowly, insensibly; we seem to accept noise and the physiological and psychological deterioration that accompanies it as an inevitable part of our lives. Although attempts have been made to regulate noise pollution by setting standards for some of the major sources of noise, we often are unable to monitor them. One such source of noise in India is celebration of festival and especially in Maharashtra, the biggest festival- Ganeshostav. The way noise levels are increasing year by year during this festival, it seems we enjoy these sounds, though it has harmful effects on Human Health and Environment.
This paper focuses on study of noise pollution during Ganesh Festival and also its other causes and
effects.
Keywords : Ganesh Festival, Noise Pollution Level, Ambient Noise Standards, Sound Level Meter, Decibel
I INTRODUCTION
Noise is derived from the Latin word “nausea” implying ‘unwanted sound’. Physically, there is no distinction between sound and noise. Sound is sensory perception and the complex pattern of sound waves is labeled as noise. Noise is typically thought of as a nuisance rather than source of pollution.
A decibel is the standard for measurement of noise. ‘0’ on the decibel scale is the hearing threshold of human ear- the lowest pressure difference that can be detected and 140 dB is threshold of pain which is the level at which sound becomes physically painful.
The sources of noise pollution are extremely diverse and they are mainly classified as community noise and industrial noise. During festivals and functions loudspeakers produce a lot of annoying noise.. Indian festivals are traditionally celebrated with song and dance in large groups, using musical instruments, drums etc. Bursting of fire crackers during celebrations produce intermittent and high frequency ‘impulse noise’. Ganesh festival is one of the main festivals in Maharashtra. This festival is also celebrated as community festival. Festival duration is of 10 days. After 10 days, Ganesh idols are immersed in water bodies. Large numbers of people participates in the festival and immersion procession on the last day. Fire crackers, vocal music and musical instruments during the festival produces high levels of noise.
METHODOLOGY:
of noise pollution. The frequency of the monitoring was once in a day, for a period of 4 hours at 10 minutes time interval.
Generally ‘Sound Level Meter’ is an instrument used for measurement of sound(noise). This instrument measures the sound in approximately same way as human ear perceives it, i.e. in terms of pressure difference. Some sound level meters measures the noise as linear sound pressure level (SPL) , while some directly as noise equivalent level (Leq). The instrument used for this survey directly measured the sound in terms of Leq.
Leq (Equivalent Sound Level ) : It is the constant sound pressure level which would have produced the same total energy as the actual sound level over the given time. It is denoted as Leq.
Where, Fi = (time interval of monitoring) / (Total monitoring time)
Li= intensity of sound
The measured Leq. Values were used for calculation of Noise Pollution Level (LNP).
Noise pollution Level (LNP): It is Equivalent sound level that has probability of exceedence of 0.5%. Mathematically it is expressed as
LNP= Leq (∞) + 2.56∂
Where,
∂ = standard deviation = [{∑ (Leq (i) - Leq (∞)) 2}/ N-1]1/2
and Leq (∞) = Leq of sufficient long period
Thus the LNP values are higher than Leq. and are indicator of annoyance. Higher the Noise Pollution Levels, higher the annoyance caused by the noise levels
III Result and Discussion
The measured values of Leq for both locations are presented in Tables-3 & Table -4
Table - 1 Noise level at Rajarampuri
Sr. No. Time Interval Leq dB (A)
30‐Aug 31‐Aug 1 Sept. 2 Sept. 3 Sept.
1 6.00 to 6.10 pm 70.5 75.6 96.3 114.2 110.5
2 6.10 to 6.20 pm 78.4 71.5 95.6 105.2 116.5
3 6.20 to 6.30 pm 76.2 85.6 109 108.6 102.5
4 6.30 to 6.40 pm 74 85 101 119.5 107.8
6 6.50 to 7.00 pm 77.9 84.7 99.5 111.4 98.6
7 7.00 to 7.10 pm 84 88.6 91.6 125.6 115.6
8 7.10 to 7.20 pm 90.6 96.4 102 109.6 114.5
9 7.20 to 7.30 pm 93.2 94.8 106.5 118.5 110.6
10 7.30 to 7.40 pm 91.8 92.6 104.6 113 118.6
11 7.40 to 7.50 pm 89.9 93 115 109.5 114.6
12 7.50 to 8.00 pm 97.6 99.6 110 114.2 108.6
13 8.00 to 8.10 pm 102.2 99.6 115 125.6 100.8
14 8.10 to 8.20 pm 108.7 102.3 125.3 114.6 105.6
15 8.20 to 8.30 pm 122.9 105.6 120.9 120.5 109.6
16 8.30 to 8.40 pm 109.8 120 117.6 116.4 112.3
17 8.40 to 8.50 pm 132.06 115.6 110.5 100.9 107.6
18 8.50 to 9.00 pm 100 120 113 115.6 119.6
19 9.00 to 9.10 pm 69.01 89.6 106 100.3 115.6
20 9.10 to 9.20 pm 73.5 95.6 101.8 108.3 124.3
21 9.20 to 9.30 pm 78.5 99.6 110.6 111.5 119.6
22 9.30 to 9.40 pm 75.2 92.7 104.9 106.5 115.7
23 9.40 to 9.50 pm 89.7 101 111.5 116.1 111
24 9.50 to 10.00 pm 70.6 98.6 101.2 101.8 110.5
25 10.00 to 10.10 pm 89.1 93.6 105.3 116.2 110.6
26 10.10 to 10.20 pm 85.8 91.6 101.2 109.5 112.6
27 10.20 to 10.30 pm 89.1 95.8 100 95.6 118.9
28 10.30 to 10.40 pm 65.2 98.1 91.5 112.1 114.1
30 10.50 to 11.00 pm 78.7 96.2 99.1 114.2 108.6
31 11.00 to 11.10 pm 63 75.6 91.5 101.3 113.5
32 11.10 to 11.20 pm 67.8 78.6 85.4 92.6 106.5
33 11.20 to 11.30 pm 69 81.6 83.4 99.5 107.6
34 11.30 to 11.40 pm 62.8 72.6 80.5 91.8 101.5
35 11.40 to 11.50 pm 53 74.2 78.9 89.6 111.2
36 11.50 to 12.00 am 50.1 69.9 71.9 93.5 101.6
Table - 2 Noise levels at Mahalaxmi Temple
Sr. No. Time Interval Leq (dBA)
30‐Aug 31‐Aug 1 Sept. 2 Sept. 3 Sept.
1 6.00 to 6.10 pm 55.9 65.3 89.6 115 110.2
2 6.10 to 6.20 pm 57.4 68.4 95.6 106 105.3
3 6.20 to 6.30 pm 54.4 63.5 84.6 113 111.6
4 6.30 to 6.40 pm 58.4 61.2 86.6 109.9 100.5
5 6.40 to 6.50 pm 55.6 69 91.6 100 102.6
6 6.50 to 7.00 pm 56.1 64.1 80.6 98.6 104.3
7 7.00 to 7.10 pm 55.8 68.3 90.2 99.6 112
8 7.10 to 7.20 pm 58.3 70.2 101 103.5 109.2
9 7.20 to 7.30 pm 52.1 73.5 91.6 121 115.6
10 7.30 to 7.40 pm 53.1 75.6 94.6 118 111.2
11 7.40 to 7.50 pm 57.4 79.8 98.6 111.5 106.5
12 7.50 to 8.00 pm 55 77.2 105 109.7 109.6
14 8.10 to 8.20 pm 56.3 76.8 106.5 114.6 114.6
15 8.20 to 8.30 pm 45.3 79.5 114.6 106.4 118.6
16 8.30 to 8.40 pm ‐ 81.6 102 119.4 112.6
17 8.40 to 8.50 pm ‐ 83.5 99.6 116.7 104.5
18 8.50 to 9.00 pm ‐ 70.4 101.6 120.8 110.5
19 9.00 to 9.10 pm 41.4 82.6 120 114.5 115.6
20 9.10 to 9.20 pm 42.4 79.6 113 119.5 125.3
21 9.20 to 9.30 pm 40.3 76.9 106 113.7 120.5
22 9.30 to 9.40 pm 40.1 81.6 104 100.9 118.6
23 9.40 to 9.50 pm 32.5 84.9 100 118.1 114.5
24 9.50 to 10.00 pm 33.3 87.4 112 102.6 108.6
25 10.00 to 10.10 pm 31.4 95.7 108 115.2 118.6
26 10.10 to 10.20 pm 33.5 86.5 105 110.5 105.6
27 10.20 to 10.30 pm 36.2 88.9 101 117.6 101.5
28 10.30 to 10.40 pm 32.4 84.7 98.9 110.5 117.6
29 10.40 to 10.50 pm 30.2 89.6 99.6 114.6 121.5
30 10.50 to 11.00 pm 28.4 90.2 94.5 98.4 114.9
31 11.00 to 11.10 pm 22.6 92.6 86.6 84.5 101.2
32 11.10 to 11.20 pm 23.8 87.6 81.6 89.6 119.5
33 11.20 to 11.30 pm 18.4 95.6 85.6 71.5 115.6
34 11.30 to 11.40 pm 24.3 84.6 89.4 74.5 120.2
35 11.40 to 11.50 pm 16.3 86.7 75.6 86.4 111.5
36 11.50 to 12.00 am 22.2 83.7 79.8 86.4 100.5
The permissible Ambient Noise Standards by Central Pollution Control Board are as follows
Where 1. Day time is reckoned in between 6 a.m and 9 p.m.
2. Night time is reckoned in between 9 p.m and 6 a.m.
3. Silence zone is referred as areas up to 100 meters around such premises as hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The Silence zones are to be declared by the Competent Authority.
The measured values were compared against this standard and presented in graphical form in
Fig. 1. The red line in the graphs indicates ambient noise standard
From the graphs it is obvious that measured noise levels during Ganesh festival are exceeding the limits drastically. Further, using the measured Leq. values, Noise Pollution Levels (LNP) are calculated and presented
Table- 3 Noise Pollution Levels
Date LNP
Mahalaxmimandir Rajarampuri
30/8/09 75.62 125.80
31/8/09 103.29 124.76
1/9/09 125.63 132.14
2/9/09 140.35 140.77
3/9/09 129.30 126.70
From the table it can be observed that except on 30th August, 09 at Mahalaxmimandir,
all the values of LNP are higher than permissible Leq. levels and hence likely to have caused
great annoyance to exposed people.
CONCLUSIONS:
It may be seen from the results that noise levels were exceeding the permissible limit during the Ganesh festival in August – September 2009 at Kolhapur covered during the survey. In spite of legal standards in place and efforts of regulatory agencies, the noise levels could not be checked and controlled up to the desired levels.
When compared with the noise levels observed during the Ganesh festivals of earlier years, we did not see significant change or reductions of noise at Kolhapur. This indicates lack of support of people in making Ganesh festival free from noise pollution or at least less noisy in successive years owing to increasing mass awareness.
Even after declaration 8 silent zones in Kolhapur, due to lack of awareness among the people and lack of strict implementation of laws by regulatory authorities, no considerable reductions in noise levels were observed.
REFERENCES:
[1] Monitoring of Noise Pollution during Ganesh Festival, 2006 by MPCB(September 28, 2006).
[2] The Times of India. New Delhi. (Aug. 7 2001)
[3] The Business Line, New Delhi
[4] Noise pollution and control – Singhal
