Vinyl
Siding
Installation
Manual
This guide is published by the Vinyl Siding Institute, Inc. (VSI) as a service to the industry. VSI members are manufacturers of vinyl siding and suppliers to the vinyl siding industry. The information provided in this publication is offered in good faith and believed to be reliable, but is made without warranty, express or implied, as to merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or any other matter. VSI does not endorse the proprietary products or processes of any manufacturer.
This publication is not intended to provide specific advice, legal or otherwise, on particular products or processes. Readers should consult with their own legal and technical advisors, vinyl siding suppliers, and other appropriate sources (including but not limited to product or package labels, technical bulletins, or sales literature) that contain information about known and reasonably foresee-able health and safety risks of their proprietary products and processes. VSI, its members, and contributors do not assume any responsibility for the users' com-pliance with applicable laws and regulations, nor for any persons relying on the information contained in this guide.
Information about individual manufacturers' products contained herein has been provided by those manufacturers, who are solely responsible for the accuracy and completeness of the data.
For general information about vinyl siding, contact the Vinyl Siding Institute at:
National Housing Center
1201 15th Street NW, Suite 220 Washington, DC 20005
Web site: <www.vinylsiding.org>
Abridged versions of this manual are available in Spanish, Korean, French, and Polish.
Use of Manufacturers’ Instructions
Some specialized products may require unique installation instructions. Please contact the manufacturer directly for information about installing those products.
Copyright © (2004) The Vinyl Siding Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems—without the written permission of the copyright owner.
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Foreword ...1
Important Notes ...2
Weather Resistant Barrier ...2
Fire Safety Information ...2
Storage and Transportation...3
Historic Restoration ...3
Basic Installation Rules ...4
Cleanup ...5
Disposal...5
Terms to Know...6
Materials, Tools, and Accessories ...8
Panel Profiles ...8
Basic Installation Tools and Equipment...8
Special Tools ...9
Accessories ...9
Getting Started ...10
Materials ...10
How to Measure ...10
Estimating Required Materials ...10
Estimating Worksheet ...12
Fastener Choices ...13
Fastening Procedure ...14
Cutting the Siding ...15
Preparing the Walls ...16
New Construction ...16
Residing ...16
Installing Accessories ...17
Starter Strip ...17
Outside and Inside Corner Posts ...18
Windows, Doors, and Roof Lines ...19
Gable and Trim ...22
Horizontal Siding Installation...23
Installing Panels ...23
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Sidewall Flashing at Roof Lines...25
Finishing at the Top ...26
Transition from Horizontal to Vertical ...27
Transition from Brick to Vinyl Siding ...27
Vertical Siding and Accessories Installation...28
Preparation...28
Accessories ...28
Installing Outside and Inside Corner Posts ...28
Bottom Receiver ...29
Window, Door, and Roof Trim ...29
Sidewalls ...30
Starter Strip ...30
Panels...31
Windows and Doors ...31
Corners ...31
Gable Ends...32
Soffit Installation ...33
Preparation...33
Installation Over Open Eaves ...34
Installation Over Enclosed Eaves ...36
Porch Ceilings ...37
New Construction Projects ...37
Residing Projects ...38
Other Recommendations...38
Attaching Shutters ...38
Replacing a Damaged Panel ...39
Residing Over Asbestos Siding ...39
Capping a Corner Post ...39
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Known for its outstanding performance qualities, vinyl siding is increasingly the material of choice for homeowners, remodeling contractors, architects, and builders. Compared to other siding products, vinyl is attractive, durable, easy to maintain, and cost-effective. Siding is available in a variety of architectural styles, eye-catching colors, design-enhancing profiles, finishes, and textures.
For best results, it is recommended that vinyl siding meet the requirements of the
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
D3679–Standard Specification for Rigid Poly(VinylChloride) (PVC) Siding. As a service to the industry, the Vinyl Siding
Institute (VSI) sponsors a program that allows manufactur-ers to certify, with independent, third-party verification, that their siding meets or exceeds this specification. For a list-ing of certified products, see VSI’s Web site at
www.vinyl-siding.org. In addition, look for the certification label on
boxes of siding (Fig. 1).
This manual sets forth the basic guidelines for vinyl siding installation. The instruc-tions herein are based, in part, on ASTM D4756, Standard Practice for Installation
of Rigid Poly(VinylChloride) (PVC) Siding and Soffit, the standard method for
installation of vinyl siding and soffit. Updated information has been added as nec-essary. Additionally, it is recommended that installers review local building
codes and manufacturers’ literature for variations that may apply to specific products or geographic areas.
The method of applying vinyl siding and soffit is essentially the same for new struction and residing. However, where required, special instructions for new con-struction and residing are included, as well as recommendations for historic restoration. In all applications, care should be exercised to properly prepare the structure. See the “Basic Installation Rules” and additional details throughout this document for proper installation techniques.
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Weather Resistant Barrier
Vinyl siding has always been designed as an exterior cladding, not a weather resistant barrier. Vinyl siding is designed to allow the material underneath it to breathe; therefore, it is not a watertight covering. Because of its design and application, it provides a supplemental rain screen
that enhances the weather resistant barrier system by reducing the amount of water that reaches the underlying weather resistant barrier.
What Is a Weather Resistant Barrier System? It is a system that includes water shedding materials
and water diversion materials. Weather resistant barrier systems commonly consist of a combination of exterior cladding, flashed wall openings and penetrations, weather resistant barrier material, and sheathing. Effective weather resistant barrier systems will shed the water initially, control moisture flow by capillary and diffusion action, and minimize absorption into the wall structure. The level of weather resistance required is determined by the applicable building code and structure.
Best Practice: To achieve designed performance, vinyl siding must be installed over a weather
resis-tant barrier system that includes 1) a continuous weather resisresis-tant material and 2) properly integrated flashing around all penetrations and where vinyl siding interfaces with other building products such as brick, stone, or stucco. Refer to the manufacturer’s installation manual for specific product applications and recommendations. Whichever product(s) you decide to use as part of a weather resistant barrier system, be certain the materials meet the applicable code by contacting the manufacturer of the weather resistant barrier material(s). Always consult the applicable building code for minimum weather barrier requirements in your area. Keep in mind that additional measures may provide better protec-tion against water intrusion than the minimum requirements of the building code.
Fire Safety Information
Exterior vinyl building materials require little maintenance for many years. Nevertheless, common sense dictates that builders and suppliers of vinyl products store, handle, and install vinyl materials in a manner that avoids damage to the product and/or the structure. Owners and installers should take a few simple steps to protect vinyl building materials from fire.
To Home and Building Owners: Rigid vinyl siding is made from organic materials and will melt or
burn when exposed to a significant source of flame or heat. Building owners, occupants, and outside maintenance personnel should always take normal precautions to keep sources of fire, such as grills, and combustible materials, such as dry leaves, mulch, and trash, away from vinyl siding.
To the Building Trades, Specifiers, Professionals, and to Do-It-Yourself Installers: When rigid vinyl
siding is exposed to significant heat or flame, the vinyl will soften, sag, melt, or burn, and may thereby expose material underneath. Care must be exercised when selecting underlayment materials because many underlayment materials are made from organic materials that are combustible. It is important to ascertain the fire properties of underlayment materials prior to installation. All building materials should
be installed in accordance with local, state, and federal building code and fire regulations.
Storage and Transportation
When transporting vinyl siding to a job site, make certain to keep the cartons flat and supported along their entire length. At the job site, take the following precautions when storing panels:
■ Store the cartons on a flat surface and support the entire length of the cartons. ■ Keep the cartons dry.
■ Store the cartons away from areas where falling objects or other construction activity may cause damage.
■ Do not store the cartons in stacks more than 12 boxes high.
■ Do not store the cartons in any location where temperatures may exceed 130° F (e.g., on blacktop pavement during unusually hot weather or under dark tarps or plastic wraps without air circulation).
Historic Restoration
When using vinyl siding for historic restoration, VSI recommends the following:
■ If a building is in a historic area, local Historic District, or has been designated as a historic building, make sure that approval for the use of vinyl siding has been obtained from the local historic society or local Historic District Commission. This applies to building additions as well.
■ Before a historic building is resided, it should be examined for moisture, insect infestation, structural defects, and other problems that may be present. These problems should be addressed and the building pronounced “healthy” before residing with any material. ■ Do not damage or remove the original siding. If at all possible, do not alter the original
structure, so that the application of vinyl siding is reversible (i.e., the original siding would remain intact in the future, so that if desired, the vinyl siding could be removed). Exception: “In cases where a nonhistoric artificial siding has been applied to the building, the removal of such a siding before application of vinyl siding would, in most cases, be acceptable.” (Preservation Briefs, Number 8, U.S. Department of Interior, 1984.)1
■ Exercise every care to retain architectural details wherever possible. Do not remove, cover, or add details until the building owners’ written approval has been obtained. Determine that the owner has consulted the local historic society for approval.
■ Use siding that closely approximates the appearance of the original siding in color, size, and style. In historic districts, the goal is to match the product as closely as possible and retain the original trim.
1Preservation Briefs, Number 8, can be ordered by contacting the Superintendent of Documents at 202 512-1800. Or, the brief can
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Before getting started, it is important to review several rules of thumb for
vinyl siding application. The following rules, which come up throughout this
guide, are critical for proper vinyl siding installation:
1. Installed panels must move freely from side to side.
2. When installing a siding panel, push up from the bottom until the lock is
fully engaged with the piece below it. Without stretching the panel,
reach up and fasten it into place.
3. Fasten nails or other fasteners in the center of the nailing slot.
4. Do not force the panels up or down when fastening in position.
5. Do not drive the head of the fastener tightly against the siding nail hem.
Allow 1/32" (about the thickness of a dime) clearance between the
fas-tener head and the siding panel. Drive fasfas-teners straight and level to
prevent distortion and buckling of the panel.
6. Leave a minimum of 1/4" clearance at all openings and stops to allow
for normal expansion and contraction. When installing in temperatures
below 40° F, increase minimum clearance to 3/8".
7. Do not caulk the panels where they meet the receiver of inside corners,
outside corners, or J-trim. Do not caulk the overlap joints.
8. Do not face-nail or staple through siding. Vinyl siding expands and
con-tracts with outside temperature changes. Face-nailing can result in
rip-ples in the siding.
9. In residing, furring or removal of uneven original siding may be
necessary.
10.In new construction, avoid the use of green lumber as the
underlay-ment. Keep in mind that siding can only be as straight and stable as
what lies under it.
11. The installation of specific products may differ in details from the
instructions given in this manual. Always follow the manufacturer's
instructions, using parts specified by the manufacturer, to ensure proper
installation.
Cleanup
The beauty of vinyl siding is maintained with little effort. Although vinyl siding will get dirty, like any-thing exposed to the atmosphere, a heavy rain will do wonders in cleaning it. Or, it's possible to wash it down with an ordinary garden hose. If neither rain nor hosing does a satisfactory job, follow these simple instructions:
1. Use an ordinary, long-handled car washing brush. This brush has soft bristles, and the handle fastens onto the end of the hose. It allows the siding to be washed just like a car. Avoid using stiff bristle brushes or abrasive cleaners, which may change the gloss of the cleaned area and cause the siding to look splotchy.
2. To remove soot and grime found in industrial areas, wipe down the siding with a solution made up of the following:
■ 1/3 cup powdered detergent (e.g., Fab®, Tide®, or equivalent powder detergent)*
■ 2/3 cup powdered household cleaner (e.g., Soilax®, Spic & Span®, or equivalent)*
■ 1 gallon water
3. If mildew is a problem, use the solution previously mentioned, but add 1 quart liquid laundry bleach.
4. When washing down your entire house, start at the bottom and work up to the top in order to pre-vent streaking.
5. For stubborn stains, use the following chart:
Follow the precautionary labeling instructions on the cleaning agent container. Protect shrubs from direct contact with cleaning agents.
Disposal
Dispose of all scrap or excess trim in a manner that is consis-tent with local and state rules and regulations. For information on recycling leftover vinyl siding scrap, order a how-to guide from the American Plastics Council, at 1-800-243-5790.
STAIN CLEANERS*
Bubble Gum Fantastik®, Murphy’s Oil Soap®, or solution of
vinegar (30 percent) and water (70 percent)
Crayon Lestoil®
DAP (Oil-based caulk) Fantastik®
Felt-tip Pen Fantastik®or water-based cleaners
Grass Fantastik®, Lysol®, Murphy’s Oil Soap®, or Windex®
Lipstick Fantastik®or Murphy’s Oil Soap®
Lithium Grease Fantastik®, Lestoil®, Murphy’s Oil Soap®, or Windex®
Mold and Mildew Fantastik®or solution of vinegar (30 percent) and
water (70 percent)
Motor Oil Fantastik®, Lysol®, Murphy’s Oil Soap®, or Windex®
Oil Soft Scrub®
Paint Brillo®Pad or Soft Scrub®
Pencil Soft Scrub®
Rust Fantastik®, Murphy’s Oil Soap®, or Windex®
Tar Soft Scrub®
Top Soil Fantastik®, Lestoil®, or Murphy’s Oil Soap®
*Cleaning materials are listed in alphabetical order.
VSI does not endorse proprietary products or processes and makes no warranties for the products referenced herein. Reference to proprietary names is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to imply that there are not equally effective alternatives.
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Backerboard—a flat material used on the face of the house, applied between the studs and the
siding (or over existing wall surface), to provide an even surface for installing vinyl siding.
Buttlock—the bottom edge of a siding or soffit panel, or accessory piece, opposite the nailing
slots, which locks onto to the preceding panel.
Channel—the area of the accessory trim or corner post where siding or soffit panels are inserted.
Channels also refer to the trim itself, and are named for the letters of the alphabet they resemble (e.g., J-channel or J-trim, F-channel, etc.).
Course—a row of panels, one panel wide, running the length of the house from one side to the other,
or, in the case of vertical siding, from top to bottom.
Drip Cap/Head Flashing—an accessory installed with vertical siding to ensure that water drips away
from panels and does not infiltrate them.
Double Channel Lineal—a siding accessory that joins two soffit panels.
Face—refers to the side of a siding or soffit panel that is showing once the panel has been
installed.
Face-nailing—the action of fastening directly onto the “face” side of a panel (instead of using the
nail hem slot). This practice is generally not used in siding installation.
Fascia—the trim covering the ends of roof rafters. Fascia Board—a board attached to the ends of
the rafters between the roofing material and the soffit overhang. Fascia Cap or Cover—the cover-ing around a fascia board.
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Flashing—a thin, flat material, usually aluminum, positioned under or behind J-channels, corner posts, windows,
etc., to keep draining water from penetrating the home.
Furring/Furring Strip—usually a wood 1"x 2"strip used to even a surface in preparation for installing vinyl sid-ing. To “fur” a surface means to apply these strips.
Lap—to overlap the ends of two siding panels or accessory pieces to allow for expansion and contraction of the
vinyl product.
Lug/Crimp—the raised “ears” or tabs on a siding panel, created by a snap lock punch, which can be used to lock
a siding panel into place when the nailing hem has been removed.
Miter—to make a diagonal cut, beveled to a specific angle (usually 45°). Sometimes miter cuts are made into an
overlapping siding or soffit panel surface, to provide a neater appearance.
Nailing Hem (or Flange)—the section of siding or accessories where the nailing slots are located. Nail Hole Slot Punch—refer to page 9 for illustration and use.
Plumb—a position or measurement that is truly and exactly
vertical, 90° from a level surface.
Rake (roof)—the inclined, usually projecting edge of a sloping
roof. Rake (wall)—the board or molding placed along the slop-ing sides of a gable to cover the ends of the sidslop-ing.
Scoring—running a utility knife blade, a sharpened awl,
scoring tool, or other sharp implement across a soffit or sid-ing panel face without cuttsid-ing all the way through the panel. This weakens the vinyl surface in a specific area and allows the panel to be bent and broken off cleanly.
Sealant—any of a variety of compounds used to fill or seal
joints in wood, metal, masonry, vinyl, and other materials.
Shim—a building material used to even a surface prior to
installing vinyl siding.
Snap Lock Tool—refer to page 9 for illustration and use.
Soffit—material used to enclose the horizontal underside of an eave, cornice, or overhang. Soffit is designed to
be installed lengthwise from wall to fascia.
Starter Strip—an accessory applied directly to the surface of the building and used to secure the first course of
sid-ing to the home.
Underlayment—weather resistant material placed under vinyl siding panels.
Utility Trim—a piece of trim used any time the top lock has been removed from the siding, to secure a siding
panel. Also referred to as “undersill” or “finish” trim.
Weep Holes—openings cut into siding or accessories to allow for water runoff.
Zip Lock Tool—also known as an unlocking tool; refer to page 9 for illustration and use.
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Panel Profiles
Vinyl siding comes in a variety of shapes, tex-tures, and colors, creating a wide array of looks for different houses. It is manufactured primarily with durable polyvinyl chloride in several different profiles, including single, double, triple, vertical, and Dutch lap (Fig. 4).
There are also various types of vinyl soffit (the material used to enclose the underside of an eave or overhang). Soffit can be vented, solid, or a combination of the two (Fig. 5) and is designed to maximize airflow, preventing moisture accu-mulation and heat buildup between the siding and the house.
Basic Installation Tools and
Equipment
Common hand tools, such as a hammer, fine-tooth saw, square, chalkline, level, and tape
measure, are needed for proper installation (Fig. 6). Safety glasses are recommended for eye protection. Other basic tools include:
Power Saw
A bench or radial-arm power saw can speed the cutting of the siding. A fine-tooth blade (12 to 16 teeth per inch) should be used with the blade installed in the reverse direction. Some applicators prefer a hand-held power saw. In extremely cold weather, move the saw through the material slowly to prevent
chipping or cracking (Fig. 7).
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Utility Knife
Vinyl is easy to cut, trim, and score with a utility knife or scoring tool (Fig. 8).
Tin Snips
Good quality tin snips or compound aviation-type snips will speed the cut-ting and shaping of the vinyl (Fig. 8).
Special Tools
Snap Lock Punch
A snap lock punch is used to punch lugs in the cut edges of siding to be used for the top or finishing course at the top of a wall, or underneath a window (Fig. 9).
Nail Hole Slot Punch
Occasionally, it may be necessary to elongate a nail hem slot. The hole is elongated to allow for expansion and contraction (Fig. 9).
Unlocking Tool (Zip Lock Tool)
Remove or replace a siding panel with the unlocking tool. Insert the curved end of the tool under the end of the panel and hook onto the back lip of the buttlock. To disengage the lock, pull down and slide the tool along the length of the panel. Use the same procedure to relock a panel (Fig. 9).
Accessories
Outside and Inside Corner Posts
Corner posts are used to provide a finished edge at an inside or outside corner. The siding from adjoining walls fits neatly into the inside or outside corner post channels. Appropriate widths of channel openings are available to accommodate various config-urations of siding.
Trim and Molding
A complete line of accessories is used to give every installa-tion a professional appearance, while providing a weather resistant facade. Some accessories include trim, starter strips, molding, F-channels, drip caps, and J-channels (Fig. 10). Each of these accessories will be addressed in more detail throughout this manual.
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Materials
Sheathing/Backerboard
Vinyl siding should be applied over a sheathing that provides a smooth, flat surface. Consult local building codes for sheathing requirements. Vinyl siding should never be applied directly to studs with-out sheathing. As an alternative, installation of specific types of contoured foam underlayments for various styles of vinyl siding are available. Some manufacturers of vinyl siding do not recommend the use of drop-in backers with certain vinyl siding configurations.
Weather Resistant Barrier
Vinyl siding should be installed over a continuous weather resistant barrier to stop the intrusion of incidental water. Refer to page 2 for more information on weather resistant barriers. See your local building code official for requirements in your area.
Flashing
Code-compliant flashing should be integrated with the weather resistant barrier and applied around windows, doors, and other openings. Flashing should also be applied to inside and outside corners, and the intersection of walls and roofing to prevent water infiltration.
How to Measure
Estimating Required Materials
■ All houses can be broken down into shapes of rectangles or triangles, or a combination of both.
■ The area to be sided can be determined by measuring the height and width of the house, including windows (Fig. 11).
■ Total all of the measurements for the areas to be sided. Windows and doors are not usually deduct-ed. Including them will provide an allowance factor for waste. If the windows and doors are extremely large (such as a garage or sliding glass doors), some deductions can be made (Fig. 12-14).
■ To estimate the amount of starter strip required, measure the linear feet around the entire base of the house.
■ Add a factor of 10 percent to all material esti-mates to allow for waste.
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Use the following worksheet to estimate the required materials*:
Siding Walls ______square feet
Gable ends ______square feet
Dormer sides ______square feet
Upper gambrel walls ______square feet
Total wall surface area ______square feet (A) Large areas not to be covered:
(garage doors/sliding doors) ______square feet x 0.50 =
Uncovered area ______square feet (B)
Subtract B from A for
Total net surface area ______square feet
Soffit ______square feet
Porch Ceiling ______square feet
Lattice ______linear feet
Accessories Starter strip ______linear feet
Utility trim ______linear feet
Receiving channel J-channel ______linear feet
Designer J-channel ______linear feet
Flexible J-channel ______linear feet
F-channel ______linear feet
3 1/2" /5" lineals ______linear feet
Dual undersill trim ______linear feet
Outside corners Outside corner post ______linear feet Designer corner trim ______linear feet
Restoration corners ______linear feet
Inside corners Inside corner post ______linear feet
J-channel ______linear feet
Other Soffit cove trim ______linear feet Soffit double channel lineal ______linear feet U-channel (for lattice) ______linear feet
Light blocks ______
Width of accessory recess opening: (circle one) 1/2" 5/8" 3/4" 1 1/4"
Nails Pounds required
Length (1 1/2" minimum) ______
Tools needed __ hammer __ tin snips __ tape measure
__ chalkline __ utility knife __ level
__ square __ hacksaw __ power saw
__ nail hole slot punch __ snap lock punch __ unlocking tool __ fine-tooth saw blade * Add a factor of 10 percent to all material estimates to allow for waste.
Fastener Choices
Use aluminum, galvanized steel, or other corrosion-resistant nails, staples, or screws when installing vinyl siding. Aluminum trim pieces require alu-minum or stainless steel fasteners. All fasteners must be able to penetrate not less than 3/4" into framing or furring (Fig. 15). (Review your local building codes for variations that may apply to specific geographic areas.)
Nails
Nail heads should be 5/16" minimum in diameter. Shank should be 1/8" in diameter (Fig. 15).
Screw Fasteners
Screw fasteners can be used if the screws do not restrict the normal expan-sion and contraction movement of the vinyl siding panel on the wall. Screws must be centered in the slot with a minimum 1/32" space between the screw head and the vinyl. Screws must be able to penetrate not less than 3/4" into framing or furring and should be:
■ Size #8, truss head or pan head.
■ Corrosion-resistant, self-tapping sheet metal type.
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Vinyl siding can expand and contract 1/2" or more over a 12' 6" length with changes in temperature. Whether using a nail, screw, or staple to fasten the siding, the following basic rules must be followed:
■ Make sure the panels are fully locked along the length of the bottom, but do not force them up tight when fastening.
■ Do not drive the head of the fastener tightly against the siding nail hem. Allow 1/32" clear-ance (the thickness of a dime) between the fas-tener head and the vinyl. Tight nailing,
screwing, or stapling will cause the vinyl siding to buckle with changes in tempera-ture (Fig. 16).
■ When fastening, start in the center of the panel and work toward the ends.
■ Center the fasteners in the slots to permit expansion and contraction of the siding (Fig. 17).
■ Drive fasteners straight and level to prevent distortion and buckling of the panel (Fig. 18). ■ Space the fasteners a maximum of 16" apart
for the horizontal siding panels, every 12" for the vertical siding panels, and every 8" to 10" for the accessories. These distances may be increased if the manufacturer permits greater spacing based on wind load testing. Start fas-tening vertical siding and corner posts in the top of the uppermost slots to hold them in position. Place all other fasteners in the center of the slots (Fig. 19).
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n noott ttoooo ttiigghhttStaples
If staples are being used instead of nails or screws, they must (Fig. 20):
■ Not be less than 16-gauge semi-flattened to an elliptical cross-section.
■ Penetrate not less than 3/4" into framing or furring. ■ Be wide enough in the crown to allow free movement
of the siding (1/32" away from the nailing hem).
Cutting the Siding
When cutting vinyl siding, follow these guidelines:
■ Safety goggles are always recommended for all cutting and nailing operations. As on any construction job, use proper safety equipment and follow safe construction practices.
■ With a circular saw, install the fine-toothed (plywood) blade backwards on the saw for a smoother, cleaner cut, especially in cold weather. (Fig. 21.) Cut slowly. Do not attempt to cut materials other than vinyl with a reversed direction saw blade.
Caution!
Use of a backwards blade on any other materials could be unsafe.■ With tin snips, avoid closing the blades completely at the end of a stroke for a neater, cleaner cut (Fig. 22).
■ With a utility knife or scoring tool, score the vinyl face up with medium pressure and snap it in half. It is not necessary to cut all the way through the vinyl (Fig. 23).
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3322"Preparing the Walls
A flat, level wall surface is necessary for proper installation of vinyl siding. Install flashing before starting to apply the siding.
Unless already installed, a weather resistant barrier should be applied to the house prior to installing vinyl siding. Refer to page 2 for more information on weather resistant barriers. Consult your local building code official for requirements in your area.
New Construction
■ Tip: To reduce the possibility of the floor-plate compression, drywall, roof-ing, or other heavy building materials should be installed or stored
throughout the house prior to the installation of vinyl siding. Floor-plate compression can result in buckled siding at the intersection of the floor and the wall.
Residing
■ Nail down loose boards of existing siding, and replace any rotten ones (Fig. 24). Do not install vinyl
siding over rotting wood.
■ Scrape off loose caulk and re-caulk around windows, doors, and other areas to protect from moisture penetration.
■ Remove all protrusions such as gut-ters, downspouts, and light fixtures. ■ Check all walls for evenness and install
furring strips where necessary. When installing furring strips, please take appropri-ate measures to establish a smooth and continuous surface. (Fig. 25).
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Before the siding itself can be hung, a number of accessories must be installed first, including starter strips, corner posts, window flashing, trim, and J-channels over the roof lines.
Starter Strip
In order for the siding to be installed properly in a level fashion, the starter strip at the bottom of the wall must be level.
■ Determine the lowest point of the wall that will be sided; from that point, measure up 1/4" less than the width of the starter strip and partially drive a nail at one corner.
■ Attach a chalkline; go to the next cor-ner and pull the line taut.
■ Make sure the line is level by using a line level or a 4' level.
■ Snap the chalkline and repeat the pro-cedure around the entire house.
■ Optional method to determining the position of the starter strip in new construction and some residing
applications: Measure down from the soffit at one corner of the house to the top of the foundation and subtract 1/4" less than the width of the starter strip. Make a mark on the wall and record the measurement. Transfer the mea-surement to the other corner of the wall. Snap a chalk line in between the corners at the marks. Repeat the pro-cedure around the entire house.
■ Using the chalkline as a guide, install the top edge of the starter strip along the bottom of the chalkline, nailing at 10" intervals. Allow space for the corner posts, J-channels, etc.
■ Keep the ends of starter strips at least 1/4" apart to allow for expan-sion (Fig. 26).
■ Nail in the center of the starter strip nailing slots.
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Outside and Inside Corner Posts
■ A water resistant material should used to flash the inside and out-side corners a minimum of 10" on each side before installation of the corner posts (Fig. 27).■ Place the corner post in position, allowing a 1/4" gap between the top of the post and the eave or soffit. Position a nail at the top of the upper slot on both sides of the corner post, leaving a 1/32" gap between the nail heads and the corner posts. The cor-ner post hangs from these nails. The balance of the nailing should be in the center of the slot, 8" to 12" apart, again leaving 1/32" between the nail head and the corner post. This allows for the expansion and con-traction to occur at the bottom. The corner post should extend 3/4" below the starter strip. Make sure the posts are plumb (i.e., vertically straight) (Fig. 28 and 29).
■ If more than one length of corner post is required, overlap the upper piece over the lower piece by cut-ting away 1" of the nailing flange on the top piece. Overlap 3/4", allowing 1/4" for expansion. This method will produce a visible joint between the two posts, but will allow water to flow over the joint, reducing the chance of water infiltration.
18
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Windows, Doors, and Roof Lines
Flashing Previously Installed Windows
The following instructions should be followed when applying window flash-ing to an existflash-ing window:
■ Apply a continuous bead of sealant adjacent to the sill of the existing window. For win-dows with nailing flanges, the sealant should be applied to the nailing flange in a manner that covers the nails and nail slots. Apply a minimum of 9" wide horizontal sill flashing level with the bottom edge of the existing window by
press-ing the flashpress-ing into the sealant bead at its top edge. Cut the sill flashing long enough to extend a minimum of 9" beyond each jamb. Fasten the sill flashing at the bottom and side edges (Fig. 30).
■ Apply a continuous bead of sealant adjacent to the side jambs of the window. For windows with nailing flanges, the sealant should be applied to the nailing flange in a manner that covers the nails and nail slots. Continue the bead of sealant at the jambs vertically a mini-mum of 8 1/2" above the head of the window to allow for bedding the top portion of the jamb flashing into sealant in the next step. Install the jamb flashing by pressing the flashing into the sealant beads at the window jambs. Extend the bottom edge of the jamb flashing approxi-mately 1/2" short of the sill flashing edge, and extend the top edge approximately 8 1/2" beyond the head of the window, where the head flashing will be placed next. Fasten the jamb flashing along the edges further most from the window (Fig. 31).
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■ Apply a continuous bead of sealant adjacent to the head of the installed window. For win-dows with nailing flanges, the sealant should be applied to the nailing flange in a manner that covers the nails and nail slots. Install the head flashing by pressing the bottom edge of the flashing into the sealant bead previously applied across the mounting flange. Extend the ends of the head flashing approximately 1" beyond the jamb flashing at each end. Fasten the head flashing into place along the top edge (Fig. 32).
Flashing New Window Installations
Refer to window manufacturer’s instructions and
ASTM E2112, Standard Practice for Installation of Exterior Windows, Doors and Skylights for the proper
flashing installation method for the window type and wall configuration on the project.
Trim
J-channel is used around windows and doors to receive the siding. Follow the steps below when applying trim.
■ Cut and bend the tab of the top piece of
J-channel down to provide flashing over the side J-channel.
■ Fold the bottom end of the side piece of J-channel inward at the bottom of the window, to fit over the existing J-channel to prevent water from entering under the sill.
20
F
■ Cut the side J-channel mem-bers longer than the height of the window or door, and notch the channel at the top.
■ Miter cut the free flange at a 45° angle and bend the tab down to provide flashing over the side members (Fig. 33). A similar miter and tab may be provided at the bottom of the window, depending on the sill’s condition. The J-channel should fit snug to the window.
J-Channel Over Roof Lines
Install the flashing before the J-channel to prevent water infiltration along the intersection of a roof and wall.
■ Keep the J-channel approximately 1/2" from the roof line. Chalk a straight line up the roof flashing to guide J-channel installation. Tip: You can use another J-channel laid over the shingles as a spacer to create the straight line desired.
■ Overlap the J-channel (lapping the upper piece over the lower piece) if it is necessary to use more than one piece.
■ Extend the J-channel past the edge of the roof, channeling water into the gutter, in order to ensure proper runoff.
■ With dark shingles, or a south or west exposure, it is recom-mended to either use a metal channel or to install the vinyl J-channel as far away from the roofing as is aesthetically accept-able, having first ensured that there is sufficient flashing behind the J-channel to prevent water infiltration.
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■ Fasten the nail, screw, or sta-ple that is closest to the roof line at the far end of the nail hem slot, to ensure that sid-ing will expand away from the J-channel (Fig. 34).
Gable and Trim
Before applying siding to the gables, the J-channel should be installed to receive the siding at the gable ends (Fig. 35):
■ Where the left and right sections meet at the gable peak, let one of the sections butt into the peak with the other section overlapping.
■ A miter cut should be made on the face flange of this piece for better appearance.
■ Fasten the J-channel every 8" to 12".
■ If more than one length of J-channel is required to span a wall surface, be sure to overlap the J-channels by 3/4".
22
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Installing Panels
■ The first course (row of panels) should be placed in the starter strip and securely locked along the entire length of the siding panel. Make sure the panel is securely locked before fastening.
■ Fasten the panels in the center of the nail-ing slots (see page 14 for specific informa-tion on fastening and fasteners).
Allowance should be made for expansion and contraction by leaving a 1/4" gap between the siding and all corner posts and channels (increase to 3/8" when installing in temperatures below 40° F. If the panels are 20 feet or longer, increase the gap to 3/8", unless the manufacturer's instruc-tions specify otherwise).
■ Do not drive the head of the fastener tight-ly against the nail slot. Leave 1/32"
between the fastener head and the vinyl (about the thickness of a dime).
■ Do not force the panels up or down when fastening. Panel locks should be fully engaged; however, the panels should not be under vertical tension or compression when they are fastened.
■ Since vinyl siding moves as the
tempera-ture changes, make certain that the vinyl panels can move freely in a side-to-side direction once fastened.
■ Check every fifth or sixth course for horizontal alignment (Fig. 36). Also check siding alignment with adjoining walls.
■ When panels overlap, make sure they overlap by one half the length of the notch at the end of the panel, or approximately 1" (Fig. 37). ■ Stagger the siding end laps so that no two courses (rows of
pan-els) are aligned vertically, unless separated by at least three courses (rows of panels).
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■ Always overlap joints away from entrances and away from the point of greatest traffic. This will improve the overall appearance of the installa-tion (Fig. 37).
Fitting Siding Around Fixtures
Use a commercially available trim ring (Fig. 38) to fit siding to a penetration such as a faucet or railing attachment, fol-lowing the manufacturer's installation instructions. If a com-mercial trim ring is not available for the application, refer to Fig. 39, which illustrates how to fit the siding to the penetra-tion. In addition, the following tips are suggested:
■ If hand-fitting to the fixture, always begin a new course of siding at the fixture to avoid excess lap joints.
■ Cut an opening 1/4" bigger than the fixture or the trim ring.
■ When cutting, match the shape and contour of the obstruction.
Fitting Under Windows
To mark the section to be cut, perform the following: ■ Hold the panel under the window and mark the
width of the window opening on the panel. Add approximately 1/4" to both sides to allow for expansion and contraction of the siding. These marks represent the vertical cuts (Fig. 40). ■ Lock a small piece of scrap siding into the lower
panel next to the window. This will be used as a template for the horizontal cuts. Mark it 1/4" below the sill height.
■ Transfer the horizontal measurement to the panel, which will be installed under the window.
Measurement may not be the same on both sides of the window.
■ Cut the panel with tin snips and a utility knife.
24
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11//44" 11//44" 11//44"The cut panel is now ready for installation under the win-dow. Perform the following:
■ Using a snap lock punch, punch the vinyl siding along the cut edge every 6" so the raised lug is on the outside face.
■ Install utility trim under the window, as a receiver for the cut siding. Utility trim is used any time the top lock has been removed from the siding. Furring may be needed to maintain the face of the panel at the desired angle.
■ Install the siding panel, making sure the lugs (from the snap lock punch) lock into the utility trim (Fig. 41).
Sidewall Flashing at Roof Lines
■ Run the siding until the last full courseunder the roof area.
■ Cut a diverter from aluminum trim sheet, making sure it sits on the nail hem of the last full course (Fig. 42). Also make sure to slip it behind all J-channels and roof flashing.
■ As an alternative to the diverter, create a “kickout” from metal flashing, as shown in Fig. 43.
■ Cut the next piece of siding, making sure the vertical lap falls behind the roof flash-ing and roof J-channel (Fig. 44).
■ Cut a small piece of siding that will be placed on top of the previous piece of sid-ing and sits in the roof J-channel (Fig. 45).
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■ Install the remaining course of siding. Water running behind the panel will be directed by the diverter into the butt of the panel, draining out in the weep holes.
Finishing at the Top
Before the final course of siding is installed on the wall, any soffit accessories that will be used on the eaves must be installed. See the soffit installation section.
Gable Ends
To install around gable ends, make a pattern that duplicates the slope of the gable (Fig. 46):
■ Lock a short piece of siding into the gable starter course (i.e., the last course before the gable starts). ■ Hold a second piece of siding against
the J-channel at the slope of the gable. Mark the slope with a pencil on the short piece of siding. Check the angle template every few cours-es.
■ Remove the short piece and cut along the pencil line as a pattern for the gable angle cuts. Repeat the procedure on the opposite side of the gable.
■ It may be necessary to fasten the last panel at the gable peak with a trim nail. Use a 1 1/4" to 1 1/2" nail. This is the only time a nail should be placed in the face of the vinyl siding (Fig. 47).
26
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Eaves Treatment
The last course of siding may be cut to fit the eaves open-ing (Fig. 48).
■ Measure from the soffit to the base of the upper lock on the previous course of panels. Subtract 1/4''. Mark this dimension on the panel to be cut, measuring from the bottom edge of the panel. It is a good idea to check the dimension in several locations along the length of the wall.
■ Using a snap lock punch, punch the vinyl siding along the cut edge every 6", so the raised lug is on the outside face.
■ Push the siding into the utility trim that has been nailed in place along the top of the wall. Furring may be needed to maintain the face of the panel at the desired angle. The raised lugs will catch and hold the siding firmly in place.
Transition from Horizontal to Vertical
■ Finish the last course of horizontal siding with the J-channel and/or finish trim. Install a drip cap and a channel. The top piece of J-channel must have minimum 1/8" diameter weep holes drilled no more than 24" apart to allow for water runoff.
Transition from Brick to Vinyl Siding
■ Caulk where the sheathing meets the brick or stone exterior. Flashing should be caulked where it meets the brick or stone and a drip cap should be in place.
■ If horizontal siding is used, a J-channel or starter strip may be used. If starter strip is used, it is necessary to provide at least 3/8" clear-ance for proper engagement of the siding.
■ Use a J-channel to receive vertical siding; remember to drill minimum 1/8" diameter weep holes no more than 24" apart.