Present Simple and Present
Continuous
1. Choose the correct answer.
1. I’m angry with William. I am not talking / don’t talk to him.
2. Listen! My sister is singing / sings in the shower. 3. This cheese tastes / is tasting strange.
4. Are you thinking / Do you think Ann is pretty? 5. Laura is walking / walks to school every day. 2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or Present Continuous. 1. The sun (set) in the west. 2. Please don’t disturb me. I (study). 3. I still (not know) the answer. 4. you always (go) to the cinema on Friday nights? 5. We (have) a picnic next Sunday. 6. How much this parcel (weigh)? 3. Complete the school newsletter page with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or Present Continuous.
Past Simple and Past Continuous
4. Write sentences using the words below. Use the Past Simple or Past Continuous. 1. your brother / watch TV / when / you / get home / ? 2. you / finish / the / English homework / yesterday / ? 3. I / not eat sushi / when / I / in Japan / last year / . 4. last year / Susie / work / in a shop / while / study / . 5. Complete the e-mail with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Past Continuous.
Grammar Review
[email protected] Coming Soon … Don’t forget! Our school 1. (participate) in the annual Community Action Day on 23rd September. Sign up now to volunteer! Mark your calendar: The Film Club 2. (meet) every Monday at 8 pm. Next week, they 3. (show) Up in the Air. It 4. (star) George Clooney. 5. you (want) to learn how to cook? Next Friday afternoon, the chef from Angie’s Restaurant 6. (offer) a free basic cookery lesson to all interested students. Contact Mona in the office for details. Dear Rob,You’re lucky that you missed the 80s tribute bands concert last night. It 1. (begin) badly. The organisers 2. (refuse) to open the doors to the arena early, even though it 3. (snow) heavily. Then, when they finally 4. (let) people in, nearly everyone 5. (go) to the coffee kiosks to buy a hot drink, but guess what? The espresso machines 6. (not work). Things 7. (not get) better during the concert. All of the bands
8. (sound) terrible because there was something wrong with the sound system. And while the last band 9. (play), the lights suddenly 10. (go out). Too bad I spent so much money on a ticket! See you on Friday,
Gina.
sets
am studying
don’t know
Do
go
are having
does
weigh
is participating
meets
are showing
stars
Do
want
is offering
Was your brother watching TV when
you got home?
Did you finish the English homework
yesterday?
I didn’t eat sushi when I was in Japan
last year.
Last year, Susie was working in a shop
while she was studying.
began
refused
was snowing
let
went
weren’t working
didn’t get
sounded
was playing
went out
Present Perfect Simple and
Past Perfect Simple
6. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple or Past Perfect Simple. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences. 1. Sherry doesn’t know how to ride a bicycle. (never) 2. I didn’t know Dan until three years ago. (for) 3. Jane finished her work. Then she went to the cinema. (after) 4. I met Rob’s new girlfriend for the first time last night. (before) 5. I didn’t see Anne at the school picnic. She left before I arrived. (by the time) 7. Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple, Past Perfect Simple or Past Simple. During the past decade, the increasing presence of mobile phones 1. (lead) to a rise in public discussion related to their use. In recent years, researchers 2. (do) studies on their possible health effects. And lately, many places 3. (make) it illegal to hold a phone while driving. But for many people, the biggest problem of mobiles is rude behaviour – including loud, personal conversations, and the use of phones in cinemas and restaurants. Some people are starting to fight this. During a play in New York in September 2009, the play’s two stars, Daniel Craig and Hugh Jackman, 4. (shout) at a man in the audience when his mobile phone not only 5. (ring) several times, but he 6. (not silence) it. And Amy Alkon, an American writer, once 7. (call) a man to complain that he 8. “ ” (forced) her to listen to his loud conversation earlier that day in a café. How 9. she (get) his phone number? He said it loudly during his phone call, and Ms Alkon simply 10. (write) it down.
Present Perfect Simple and
Past Simple
8. Complete the sentences with a time expression below.
in 2004 • already • yesterday • just never • then • yet
1. A: London’s one of my favourite cities. What do you think of it? B: I don’t know. I’ve been there. 2. A: Do you want to borrow this book? B: No, thanks. I’ve read it twice. 3. A: Are you having a driving lesson later today? B: No, I had one . 4. A: Have you already been to the library? B: No. I met Jane for breakfast, and we went to the shopping centre. 5. A: How long have you had your dog? B: We got him , when he was a puppy. 6. A: Is Lisa coming to visit this weekend? B: I’m not sure. She hasn’t decided . 7. A: Someone delivered this parcel for you a few minutes ago. Hurry up – open it! B: Wait a minute. I’ve walked through the door. I want a cup of coffee first! 9. Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple or Past Simple. 1. you (hear) of the Klingon language? It is a language featured in many of the Star Trek films. Marc Okrand, an American linguist, 2. (invent) Klingon in the early 1980s. The complex language was an immediate hit with Star Trek fans. Since then, they 3. (buy) over a quarter of a million copies of the Klingon dictionary that Okrand 4. (write). In addition, they 5. (establish) Klingon study groups, websites and fan clubs. They also 6. (publish) books and released CDs on the language. People who are fluent in Klingon can finally read a Klingon translation of the Shakespeare play Hamlet, a project that 7. (begin) several years ago. They probably 8. (greet) that news by saying, buy' ngop. That’s Klingon for “That’s great news!”
Sherry has never ridden a bicycle (before).
I have known Dan for three years.
Jane went to the cinema after she had
finished her work. / After Jane had finished
her work, she went to the cinema.
I had never met Rob’s new girlfriend
before last night. / Before last night, I had
never met Rob’s new girlfriend.
By the time I arrived at the school picnic,
Anne had left. / Anne had left by the time
I arrived at the school picnic.
has led
have done
have made
shouted
rang
didn’t silence
called
had forced
did
get
wrote
never
already
yesterday
then
in 2004
yet
just
Have
heard
invented
have bought
wrote
have established
have published
began
greeted
Future Simple, be going to and
Present Continuous with Future
Meaning
0. Complete the dialogues with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Future Simple, Present Continuous or be going to. There may be more than one possible answer. A: 1. you (see) Bill tonight? B: No. I 2. (study) for my history exam. A: Do you know what Bill 3. (do)? B: I’m not sure, but he 4. probably (play) computer games with his brother. A: Who 5. (bring) food to the picnic on Saturday? B: David 6. (make) enough sandwiches for everyone. And he 7. also (stop) on the way to buy large bags of crisps. A: OK. So I 8. (bring) fizzy drinks. B: Good. Do you think we 9. (need) anything else? A: I don’t think so. 1.
Write a logical continuation with the words in brackets. Use the Future Simple or be going to.
1. Those are beautiful earrings. (Mum / love / them) 2. I can’t wait to move to New York! (I / move / there / in a few months) 3. We have got plenty of time. (we / not be / late) 4. Relax. (you / pass / the / driving test / tomorrow) 5. Be careful! (you / spill / the coffee) 11 11
Future Perfect Simple and
Future Continuous
2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below. Use the Future Continuous or Future Perfect.
buy • not practise • play • score • go not see • move • not run
1. By this time tomorrow night, John in his 100th game for our team, but he hopes that at this time next year, he goals for Manchester City. 2. I really miss Sue. I know I to visit her in three months’ time, but by then, we each other for six months. 3. I in the race on Sunday because I enough by then. 4. By the end of the week, he furniture, and on Saturday, he into his new flat. 3. Complete the dialogues with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use a future tense. There may be more than one possible answer. 1. A: Why does Emma want to learn French? B: She (visit) her boyfriend’s family in France in the summer. 2. A: I’m sorry, but there’s no more milk. B: In that case, I (have) tea instead of coffee. 3. A: What time do you want to meet tomorrow morning? B: After ten. I (have) breakfast by then. 4. A: Do you have plans for tonight? B: Yes. I (go) to a basketball game with my dad. 5. A: Is that the Golden Gate Bridge? B: Yes, and in a moment, we (drive) over it. 6. A: I’m looking forward to seeing Laura tonight. B: Oh, I forgot to tell you. She (not come). 11 11
will need
will bring
is
going to stop
will
play
Mum will love them.
I’m going to move there in a few months.
We won’t be late.
You will pass the driving test tomorrow.
You’re going to spill the coffee!
will have played
will be scoring
will be going
won’t have seen
won’t be running
won’t have
practiced
will have bought
will be moving
am studying /
am going to study
Are / Are / Will
seeing /
going to see / see
is bringing /
is going to bring
is doing /
is going to do
is going to make /
is making
is going to visit /
will be visiting
will have
will have had
am going to go /
am going
are going to drive /
will be driving
isn’t coming /
isn’t going to come
Review of Tenses
4. Complete the sentences with a suitable word or time expression below.
how long • by then • while • never in the future • always • when at three in the morning
1. We’re bringing Sam at ten o’clock tonight. , all the guests will have arrived for his surprise party. 2. Why was your dog barking ? 3. She goes to the yoga class on Tuesdays because she likes the teacher. 4. She’s an excellent windsurfer. I think she’ll win a lot of championships . 5. have you known Rita? 6. Did you cry the film ended? 7. Janis was talking on the phone she was cutting vegetables. 8. I’ve let anyone read my journal. It’s private. 5.
Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences. Make any necessary changes. 1. Is this your first time in San Francisco? (before) 2. When did you move into this flat? (how long) 3. I watched a film during the flight. (while) 4. Those are my sunglasses. (belong) 5. What is that delicious smell? (smells) 6. He finished the report on Thursday night and handed it in on Friday. (the night before) 11 11 6.
Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 11
W
hen Jamie Oliver 1. (catch) the public’s attention in 1999 with his first television series The Naked Chef, he was only 23 years old. By that time, despite his young age, he 2. (already / have) ten years of cooking experience. Since the series 3. (end) in 2001, Oliver 4. (build) an impressive business empire that 5. (employ) over 2,000 people and includes a cookware brand and several restaurants. And, of course, Oliver 6. (already / write) ten cookery books, and 7. (probably / write) more in the coming years. But more importantly, Oliver 8. (use) his fame and fortune to help others and to encourage healthy eating. In 2002, he 9. (establish) the Fifteen Foundation, which trains and employs young people in restaurant work. Among the foundation’s “graduates” are former drug addicts and youth who 10. (be) once in trouble with the law. Oliver’s 2005 television series about the poor quality of Britain’s school lunch programme eventually 11. (lead) to the government providing millions of pounds to improve it, and his 2008 series Jamie’s Ministry of Food used a reality-show format to show how to prepare healthy meals easily and cheaply. Millions of fans 12. (wait) to see what he’ll do next – but with his history, there’s little doubt that it will be both entertaining and educational.By then
at three in the morning
always
in the future
How long
when
while
never
Have you been to San Francisco before?
How long have you lived in this flat?
While we were flying, I watched a film. /
I watched a film while we were flying.
Those sunglasses belong to me.
What smells delicious?
On Friday he handed in the report which /
that he had finished the night before.
caught
already had
ended
has built
employs
has already written
will probably write
is using / uses
established
were
led
Vocabulary
1. Choose the correct answer. Pay attention to the underlined words. 1. We had such a lavish lunch that I was afterwards. a. hungry b. very full 2. Colin was a spoilt child but, surprisingly, he grew up to be a very man. a. considerate b. self-centred 3. Prince Charles often makes controversial statements that . a. please everyone b. make some people angry 4. They’re asking an outrageous price for this flat. It’s . a. very reasonable b. far too high 5. That politician is notorious for . a. his many love affairs b. improving the economy 6. She used to be quite wealthy, but she’s lost a lot of recently. a. money b. weight 2. Complete the puzzle using the clues below. Across 2. There are so many people here! How will we find Jenny in this ? 4. If I were an , I would buy an enormous house. 5. I hope your with Johnny Depp ends soon! I’m tired of hearing about him! 8. My sister met Bono, and got his on a CD box. 9. I don’t care about the latest fashion . I wear what I like. 10. My father’s a scientist, and his is Albert Einstein. Down 1. There was a lot of before the university entrance exams. 2. Jake is part of the film . He’s an assistant electrician. 3. The actor Christian Bale got some bad when a tape was released of him shouting at someone on a film set. 6. Robert and his finally decided on a date for their wedding. 7. often print lies and rumours about celebrities.Fame
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 p c p h i f t a t ir
e
w
r
i
e
s s
r o w d
r
s
s
u
r
e
t
a
n
a
i o n
u
b
l
c
i
t
y
i
a
n
c
a
b
l
o
i
d
s
é
e
r
n d
u t
g r a p h
o l
3. Write T (True) or F (False) for each sentence. Correct the false sentences. 1. A bodyguard is a personal trainer in a gym. 2. A role model is someone we admire. 3. When you fool someone, you trick them. 4. Fans of someone worship that person. 5. A passer-by is someone who sells things at street markets. 6. When we gossip, we talk about ourselves. 4. Complete the passage with the words and phrases below.
straight • pursue • willing • emerges drive • instant • in the spotlight talent scouts
5. Complete the sentences with a suitable
collocation. Use the correct form of the verbs take, go or catch and the words and phrases below.
breath • blind • for granted • eye wild • by surprise 1. When we can the waiter’s , let’s ask for the bill. 2. Most of us good health until we become ill. 3. After I walked up the hill, I had to stop to my . 4. Why are they letting their children ? They’re disturbing everyone. 5. Jack’s dog is and soon won’t be able to see. 6. I never expected to win the contest. It really me . 6. Complete the sentences by adding a suitable suffix to the words in brackets to form nouns and adjectives. Make any necessary changes. 1. Tom is in the (entertain) industry, and lives in a (luxury) home. 2. That (perform) often attends charity events for good (public). 3. She cares a lot about her (appear), and only wears (fashion) clothes. 4. In most places, (politics) campaigns are very (expense). 5. There’s a special sales (promote) this week. If you buy two CDs by the same (music), you get a third one free. 6. We had a (delight) time yesterday at the (perform). 7. Complete the sentences. Make them true for you. 1. If I could go abroad tomorrow, I would go to . 2. I was overwhelmed when . 3. My friends and I sometimes gossip about . 4. One of my role models is . 5. I have to catch my breath when I .
GorGeous GeorGe
George Clooney has been 1. for years as a film star. But he didn’t climb 2. to the top. In fact, he was anything but an 3. star. When he moved to Los Angeles to begin his acting career, 4. weren’t interested in him. But he had a lot of 5. and was 6. to take small roles in television shows. Success finally came in 1994, when he was cast in a new television hospital drama, er. Soon after that, Clooney began making films and became a star.
Since then, he’s had to cope with the problems fame can bring – and that includes dealing with paparazzi, who
7. him whenever he 8. in
public. Clooney rarely tells reporters about his private life. With his typical elegance, Clooney balances his public and private lives better than most Hollywood stars.
F
A bodyguard is a person who protects
someone.
T
T
T
F
F
A passer-by is someone who passes /
walks by on the street.
When we gossip, we talk about others.
in the
spotlight
straight
instant
talent scouts
drive
willing
pursue
emerges
catch
eye
take
for granted
catch
breath
go wild
going blind
took
by surprise
entertainment
luxurious
performer
publicity
appearance
fashionable
political
expensive
promotion
musician
delightful
performance
Accept all logical and grammatically
correct answers
Grammar
4. I finished most of my homework. Then I went out. (after) 5. When did he start to play for Manchester City? (how long) 3. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences. 1. Is this your first visit to a film set? (ever) 2. Madonna began performing in 1977. (since) 3. They haven’t released a new CD for three years. (ago) 4. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below. Use gerunds or infinitives. One verb is used more than once.buy • watch • begin • achieve • be
1. Don’t forget the YouTube clip I sent you. 2. Sally is eager her studies at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts. 3. On her way to school, Jessica stopped a bottle of water. 4. Believe it or not, wealthy doesn’t solve all of life’s problems. 5. fame is an important goal for some people. 6. I stopped bottled water in order to save money. Reporter: Congratulations on your Best Actress award! How 1. you (feel) when your name was announced? Actress: I was shocked! In fact, I 2. (want) to win this award since I was a child, and I still don’t believe I won!
Reporter: 3. you (enjoy) the ceremony?
Actress: It was one of the best experiences of my life! And that includes talking with some of the fans who 4. (wait) all day to watch everyone, including me, on the red carpet.
Reporter: Now, what 5. you (work) on for the past few months?
Actress: Nothing! I 6. (relax) for these last few months! But lately, I 7. (consider) a part in a romantic comedy. In recent years, I 8. (do) mostly serious, dramatic roles, and I’d like to try something different.
Reporter: We all look forward to seeing your next film!
1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous. 1. I’m surprised that Lesley doesn’t know any French. How long she (live) in Paris? 2. We (sleep) for an hour when we were woken by a loud noise. 3. She (perform) on stage for years before she appeared in films. 4. The band (record) their new CD for the past two months. 5. they (argue)? They look upset. 2. Complete the dialogue with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or a perfect tense (Simple or Continuous).
has
been living
had been sleeping
had been performing
have been recording
Have
been arguing
did
feel
have wanted
Did
enjoy
had been waiting
have
been working
have been relaxing
have been considering
have done
Have you ever visited a film set? / Have
you ever been to a film set before?
Madonna has been performing since
1977.
They released their last CD three years
ago. / Their last CD was released three
years ago.
After I had finished most of my homework,
I went out. / I went out after I had finished
most of my homework.
How long has he been playing for
Manchester City?
to watch
to begin
to buy
being
Achieving
buying
Stars
5. Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use gerunds or infinitives. There may be more than one correct answer. 7. Correct the errors. 1. I’m tired of this game. We’re playing since noon. 2. She was directing plays for five years when she decided to direct a film. 3. Be famous is all she is interested in. 4. I didn’t forget writing my essay and hand it in on time. 5. She had never dreamed of win Britain’s Got Talent. 8. Translate the sentences. 1. Tabloids have been printing articles about David and Victoria Beckham for years. 2. I regret saying those things to him. 3. We had been trying to buy concert tickets for two hours when we lost the Internet connection. 4. Have you been doing yoga for a long time? 5. They had been studying for weeks, so they went wild when the exams were over.Grammar review
9. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. 1. Jim is an incredible guitarist! How long he (play)? 2. I miss you. I (not see) you for a month! 3. Mary wants (join) the Blur fan club. 4. Did Steve suggest (meet) for dinner before the film? 5. Witnesses said that photographers (pursue) Julia Roberts for about five minutes before she shouted at them. 6. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Use gerunds or infinitives. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences. There may be more than one correct answer. 1. Sam didn’t think of thanking us for all our help. (remember) 2. Sheri used to sing in a band, but she hasn’t done that for years. (stopped) 3. I didn’t go straight home. I bought milk on the way. (stopped) 4. I don’t think that I’ve ever met your parents. (remember) 5. I am sorry to inform you that Mr Smith died last week. (regret) 6. I shouldn’t have eaten so much last night. (regret)With busy lifestyles and work that often takes them far from home, many celebrities rely on large staffs 1. (take) responsibility for a great deal in their lives. Although it may be exciting 2. (meet) famous people, it’s not always easy 3. (work) for them. Some stars are notorious for 4. (be) spoilt, which makes them extremely demanding bosses. In addition, 5. (work) for a celebrity often means extremely long hours and includes 6.
(travel) with them – leaving very little free time for oneself. Despite all this, being a personal assistant to a star or a nanny to their children can be interesting and fun – and provides a way 7. (observe) the private life of a celebrity.
Working for the
11
to take
to meet / meeting
working /
to work
being
working
travelling
has
Sam didn’t remember to thank us for all
our help.
Sheri stopped singing in a band years
ago.
I stopped to buy milk on the way home. /
On the way home, I stopped to buy milk.
I don’t remember ever meeting your
parents.
I regret to inform you that Mr Smith
died last week.
I regret eating so much last night.
I’m tired of this game. We’ve been
playing since noon.
She had been directing plays for five
years when she decided to direct a film.
Being famous is all she is interested in.
I didn’t forget to write my essay and
hand it in on time.
She had never dreamed of winning
Britain’s Got Talent.
Los periódicos sensacionalistas han
estado publicando artículos sobre David
y Victoria Beckham durante años.
Me arrepiento de haberle dicho esas
cosas.
Llevábamos dos horas intentando
comprar entradas para el concierto
cuando perdimos la conexión a Internet.
¿Has estado haciendo yoga durante
mucho tiempo? / ¿Llevas mucho tiempo
haciendo yoga?
Habían estado estudiando durante
semanas / Llevaban semanas estudiando,
así que se desmadraron cuando se
acabaron los exámenes.
been playing
haven’t seen
to join
meeting
had been pursuing
to observe
readinG
1. Look at the title of the text and the pictures. What do you think the text is about? 2. Now read the text and check your answer. 3. Find words in the text that mean: 1. harmful (paragraph 2) 2. not obvious (paragraph 2) 3. planned (paragraph 3) 4. necessary (paragraph 4) 4. Choose the correct answer. 1. When a celebrity gets “ink”, it means ... . a. they’ve got a problem b. they receive only bad publicity c. they have got a publicist d. they’re written about 2. The Wall Street Journal ... .a. published the first photo of Tom Cruise’s wife b. denied publishing fake paparazzi pictures c. orchestrated fake paparazzi photos d. reported on the phenomenon of fake paparazzi photos 5. Write T (True) or F (False) for each sentence. Find information in the text to support your answers. 1. Surprisingly, new technology has had little effect on media coverage of celebrities. 2. A subtle response to bad publicity is to issue a statement. 3. Fake paparazzi photos account for about 50% of published celebrity photos. 6. Answer the question according to the text. Why do some stars hire photographers to “surprise” them in a private moment?
Promoting the Stars
Public relations (PR) is the business of promoting a person, company, product or idea by generating media and public interest. And personal publicists to the stars seem to have the easiest job in PR because “getting ink” (receiving media coverage) for celebrities is seldom a problem. In fact not surprisingly, in this age of tabloids, paparazzi, mobile-phone cameras and especially the Internet, there’s often too much “ink”, and it’s not always positive or to the stars’ liking. That’s why a big part of a celebrity publicist’s job is to help stars respond to false, damaging or embarrassing articles and photos. This can be done directly, such as by releasing a statement responding to the published information. Or a more subtle approach can be taken by gradually shifting attention to different, positive aspects of the stars’ lives, such as their involvement with charitable or social causes.
In addition, some stars and their publicists have found a way to try to control coverage and to beat the tabloids at their own game: they hire their own photographers or give paparazzi advance notice so they can “catch” a star in a supposedly private moment. The editor of an American gossip magazine recently estimated that about half of the celebrity photos we see fall into this category. According to an article in the respected business newspaper, The Wall street Journal, examples of these carefully orchestrated fake paparazzi moments include photos of Gwyneth Paltrow leaving hospital with her first baby and the world’s first glimpse of Tom Cruise with his wife, Katie Holmes.
Of course, many celebrities claim not to care about their public image or what the tabloids print. But for those who do care, publicists are essential.
damaging
subtle
orchestrated
essential
public relations for stars / trying to get
publicity for stars
F
“… not surprisingly, in this age of …
mobile-phone cameras and especially the
Internet, there’s often too much ‘ink’ …”
F
“This can be done directly, such as
releasing a statement ... . Or a more
subtle approach can be taken …”
T
“… recently estimated that about half of the
celebrity photos we see fall into this category.”
Because that way they can better control
what is published about them.
13
writinG
1. Choose the correct connector. There may be more than one correct answer.
1. Despite / Despite this / In spite of the cold weather, none of the actresses wore jackets.
2. There’s excellent public transport in New York, so you won’t need to hire a car there. However / Furthermore / On the one hand, you’ll need a car in Los Angeles.
2. Correct the run-on sentences below. Use a full stop and a capital letter or a connector. 1. I studied all week, I didn’t know all the answers in the test. 2. Jim is buying flowers for Sally, it’s her birthday today. 3. I woke up late and left the house quickly and I arrived at school and I realised it was Saturday. 3. Complete the for and against essay with the connectors below.
despite • on the other hand • furthermore
however • in addition • such as • on the one hand
Government Funding for the Arts
In Britain, it has always been customary for
the government to provide financial support
for the arts.
1., some
people wonder whether it is time to end this custom.
2.
most people don’t benefit directly
from arts funding, and many never take advantage of
this help.
3., government funds
for the arts means less money for essential services,
4.
schools, health care, public transport
and the police.
5.
, in comparison with those services,
arts funding accounts for only a small portion of the
government budget. Yet even that amount helps Britain to
preserve its artistic heritage and nurture new generations
of artists.
6., arts funding allows
many museums to offer free entrance, creates job
opportunities and helps promote tourism.
In conclusion,
7.the arguments against
government arts funding, I believe it should continue.
The funding provides many benefits, and the arts are
crucial for our culture and society.
See Writing Guide, Student’s Book page 140
your task
Write a for and against essay about the advantages and disadvantages of celebrities publicly supporting social and political causes. Write 100-150 words.
PlanninG your For and
aGainst essay
1. Make sure you understand the issue. 2. Brainstorm the two sides of the issue. Write a list of pros and cons. • Look at the ideas below. Which are pros? Which are cons? Which could be either a pro or a con? - celebrities can influence people - celebrities have got access to the media - an issue that a celebrity supports may get more publicity than other important issues that lack celebrity supporters - celebrities can help raise money for a cause - people may believe celebrities’ opinions without doing their own research • Add your own ideas to the list. 3. Decide which view you support. Then decide which of the ideas above you will include in your essay. 4. Organise your ideas. Use the model in Exercise 3 and the plan below to help you.Plan
Opening: State the issue / controversy. Body: Present arguments supporting each view. Closing: Conclude and state your own opinion. 5. Write a first draft. 6. Use the checklist to check your work. Then write a final draft. ChECkLiSTI followed the plan for a for and against
essay.
I used a variety of connectors of addition,
contrast and example.
I checked my grammar, spelling and
punctuation.
I avoided run-on sentences.
I studied all week, but I didn’t know all the
answers in the test. / Although I studied all
week, I didn’t know all the answers in the test.
Jim is buying flowers for Sally because it’s
her birthday today. / Jim is buying flowers for
Sally. It’s her birthday today.
I woke up late and left the house quickly. When
I arrived at school, I realised it was Saturday.
However
On the one hand
Furthermore /
In addition
such as
On the other
hand
In addition /
Furthermore
despite
Vocabulary
1. Choose the correct answer. 1. A large crew / crowd / passer-by has been gathering all morning to greet the team when their plane lands. 2. The president emerged / pursued / gossiped in public for the first time since the scandal began. 3. Some rock guitarists in the 60s and 70s were spoilt / lavish / notorious for their drug use. 4. I can’t believe I’m finally meeting you! You’ve been my heiress / role model / fiancée for years! 5. My friends and I enjoy debating controversial / instant / wealthy issues. 2. Complete the e-mail by forming collocations with the correct form of the verbs catch, take, or go and the words below.abroad • everyone by surprise • sight of wild • anyone’s eye • a photo
Hey Sue,
You’ll never guess who I 1. last week. Hugh Jackman! He 2. when he walked into the shop, but nobody
3. . Everyone acted really calmly. He looked at a few shirts, tried not to
4. , and then left. But before he did, I managed to 5. of him with my mobile (I’m sending the picture with this e-mail). Now aren’t you sorry that you 6.
for the summer? Write soon! Love, Lynda 3. Complete the sentences by adding a suitable suffix to the words in brackets. 1. The children watched in (amaze) as the magician performed his (impress) tricks. 2. This summer, there are free (culture) events in the park, including a modern dance (perform). 3. The young (music) appeared on chat shows as part of a (public) tour to promote his new CD.
Grammar
4. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous. 1. Linda’s very tired. She (not get) enough sleep lately. 2. You look great! you (work out)? 3. They (go out) for two years when they decided to get married. 5. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Use gerunds or infinitives. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences. 1. I don’t think that I locked the door. (remember) 2. At the top of the hill, we paused and admired the view. (stopped) 3. Don’t eat any more of the biscuits! (stop) 6. Complete the sentences. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences. 1. I read all afternoon. Then I fell asleep on the sofa. After . 2. When did you start to follow a vegetarian diet? How long ?writing
7. Complete the passage with the connectors below.for example • moreover • despite such as
Sallie Larson loves her job, 1. its dangers. This Hollywood stuntwoman has performed hundreds of difficult stunts 2. running through fire and jumping from a moving car.
3. , she’s designed safety equipment. 4. , she created new seat belt and helmet designs that are widely used during stunts.
Progress check
unit 1
caught sight of
took everyone
by surprise
went wild
catch anyone’s
eye
take a photo
went abroad
amazement
impressive
cultural
performance
musician
publicity
hasn’t been getting
Have
been working out
had been going out
I don’t remember locking the door.
At the top of the hill, we stopped to
admire the view.
Stop eating the biscuits!
I had been reading all afternoon,
I fell asleep on the sofa
have you been following a
vegetarian diet
despite
such as
Moreover
15
Vocabulary
1. Match i to ii to form sentences. I 1. The facts emerged 2. Photographers pursued 3. He tried to fool 4. They gossiped 5. They were surrounded II a. to me about their other friends. b. by a lot of people. c. the actor into his hotel. d. slowly, after a long investigation. e. me, but it didn’t work. 2. Choose the correct answer. Pay attention to the underlined words. 1. Every summer, a small crew performs on / builds a stage in the park. 2. I don’t understand your infatuation with him. Why don’t / do you like him so much? 3. That restaurant is notorious for its bad / good service. 4. The pressure from his parents makes Ron feel relaxed / nervous. 3. Complete the blog entry by adding a suitable suffix to the words in brackets.Successful sports stars appear in adverts for 1. (expense) watches and 2.
(fashion) designer clothing, and are photographed at lavish parties with famous 3. (music) and actors. There are often articles about their 4. (luxury) homes and yachts, as well as about their occasionally 5. (outrage) behaviour. It sometimes seems that they are more a part of the 6. (entertain) business than the sports business. Let’s start to appreciate sports stars again for their 7. (amaze) performances and not for the 8. (public) they give to products or for what happens in their private lives.
Grammar
4. Rewrite the sentences with the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences. 1. Don’t give the dog more treats. (stop) 2. When did you start to learn karate? (how long) 3. First, I’ll go to the bank. Then I’ll go shopping. (after) 4. He listened to music during the flight. (while) 5. Write a logical response with the words below. Use the correct form of the verbs. 1. Here are my keys! I / look / for them / all day 2. It took forever! we / wait / for / three hours / when / we / finally / see / the / doctor 3. I got to school late today. by the time / I / walk in / the teacher / hand out / the testwriting
6. Complete the sentences with a suitable connector below.nevertheless • in spite of • furthermore moreover • however • although • despite
1. A lot of people don’t like him. , I think he’s very nice. 2. she’s lived here for ten years, she’s never got used to the cold. 3. I’m not going to rent that flat. It’s too small. , there’s no view.
Progress
check
unit 1
1
2
3
4
5
expensive
fashionable
musicians
luxurious
outrageous
entertainment
amazing
publicity
Stop giving the dog treats!
How long have you been learning karate?
After I go / have gone to the bank, I’ll go
shopping. / I’ll go shopping after I go /
have gone to the bank.
He was listening to music while flying.
I have been looking for them all day.
We had been waiting for three hours
when we finally saw the doctor.
By the time I walked in, the teacher had
handed out the test.
Nevertheless /
However
Although
Moreover /
Furthermore
2. The following sentences don’t make sense. Make them logical by replacing the words and phrases in bold with the correct word or phrase in bold from a different sentence. 1. It is harmful to birds and sea animals to destroy plastic. 2. This factory doesn’t inhabit dangerous substances because it was built with new “green” technology. 3. Giant pandas cut down remote mountain areas in China. 4. If we don’t ingest our spending, we won’t have any savings left.
5. Many scientists are now making their way to studying the effects of climate change. 6. My parents use up driving in bad weather. In fact, they never drive when it’s snowing. 7. Susan and Jim are still devoted here. They got stuck in traffic, but should be arriving soon. 8. Everyone fears that the hurricane will emit thousands of homes. 9. If we have to pay the DJ £400, we’ll avoid most of the budget and won’t have any money for food. 3. Complete the sentences with the words below.
halfway • fuel • logging • shortcut greenhouse effect • crops • banned bellies • voyages • renewable energy environmentally friendly • lack
1. I had driven to your house when I realised that I hadn’t taken the you had suggested. 2. The is creating climate changes which will affect the types of that can be grown in regions of the world. 3. Severe of food for a long period of time causes children’s to become very large. 4. Experts agree that it is to use . 5. is in all the national forests here. 6. Space require a great deal of .
Vocabulary
Going Green
2
1. Complete the captions with the words below.debris • pollution • landfill • trash
1 2 3 4 Why do I always have to take the out? Now that the rain has ended, it’s going to take a lot of work to clear all this . What a shame that we can’t see much of the city today because of the air . Soon, this will be covered. We’re going to build a club on top of it.
trash
debris
pollution
landfill
ingest
emit
inhabit
cut down
devoted
avoid
making their way
destroy
use up
halfway
short cut
greenhouse
effect
crops
lack
bellies
environmentally
friendly
renewable energy
Logging
banned
voyages
fuel
4. Complete the passage with the words and phrases below.
carbon footprint • nightmare • emitted amount • carbon dioxide • cut down broke down • made waves • harmful
6. Choose the sentence that best follows the original.
1. My glasses vanished into thin air.
a. They were exactly where I had left them. b. I couldn’t find them anywhere.
2. Her personality brought a breath of fresh air to the office.
a. She talks too much. b. She’s not like everyone else.
3. The money we raised is a drop in the ocean. a. It was more than we expected.
b. We need to raise a lot more.
4. With your education, the sky’s the limit. a. You can achieve anything you want. b. There’s a limit to what you’ll be able to achieve. 5. John’s very down to earth. a. He’s very depressed. b. He’s easy to talk to.
6. This problem is the tip of the iceberg.
a. I don’t expect there to be any more difficulties. b. I expect that we’ll soon face other problems
as well.
7. Don’t make a mountain out of a molehill. a. It’s really not a problem.
b. You should be more concerned. 8. Pollution has wiped out many species. a. They’re more dangerous. b. They no longer exist. 7. Complete the sentences. Make them true for you. 1. One of the locally grown crops is . 2. I should cut down on . 3. If I could take a voyage anywhere, I’d like to go . 4. I think it would be easy for me to pick up . 5. The last thing of mine that broke down was . 6. My worst nightmare is that . 7. I was brought up . 5. Match I to II to form sentences. I 1. My computer isn’t working properly. I hope it isn’t going to 2. I missed the first two lessons, but I think I’ll 3. There’s so much to learn for this exam. We need to 4. That’s a great idea! I’ll 5. When Lori and I see sad films, we 6. I’m not taking the bus home. Lee said he’ll 7. Most experts don’t expect the economy to II a. pick me up. b. break down. c. break it down into sections. d. pick everything up quickly. e. usually break down at the end. f. bring it up at the meeting. g. pick up until early next year.
In recent years, many respected scientists have 1. by describing terrible 2. scenarios of the future of life on Earth. The only solution, they say, is to 3. on pollution. This would mean reducing the 4. of damaging 5. we produce. Most of us, of course, don’t even know the size of our own 6. . But a recent study of the 7. environmental impact of an average British citizen provided some interesting information. The study 8. carbon dioxide-producing activities into 11 categories, including leisure, home-energy use and commuting. Surprisingly, leisure activities accounted, on average, for about one-fifth of the total carbon dioxide that is 9. by each person in Britain. Think about this the next time you watch a football match in a brightly lit stadium or go away on holiday!
Leisure and the environment
17
made waves
nightmare
cut down
carbon dioxide
carbon footprint
harmful
amount
broke down
emitted
1
6
3
2
5
4
7
accept all logical and grammatically
correct answers.
Karen / wear / a jacket 1. Choose the sentence that best follows the original. 1. You should have been there! a. It was a fantastic concert. b. I’m sure you’ll enjoy it. 2. I might leave my phone at home. a. Now I’m sorry that I haven’t got it with me. b. I don’t think I’ll need it. 3. They might have missed the train. a. If they hurry, they’ll catch it. b. If they did, they’ll be on the next one. 4. We could have helped them. a. I wonder why they didn’t ask us. b. I wonder if they’ll ask us to help. 2. Write a sentence to describe each picture with the words below. Use a modal or modal perfect, affirmative or negative. There may be more than one correct answer. 3. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the modals or modal perfects and the verbs in brackets. Use the affirmative or negative. 1. We (need / bring) umbrellas with us. It hasn’t rained at all today! 2. I’m going to be late! I (should / wake up) an hour ago! 3. All these jeans are on sale, so I (might / buy) two pairs. 4. Keith looked better with longer hair. He (should / cut) it. 5. I (would / take) the bus, but it left as I arrived. 6. Lucy’s got a bad case of food poisoning. The fish at the restaurant (must / be) off. 7. Joe (could / repair) my computer, so I called a technician. 4. Choose the correct answer.
Grammar
1 2 Mark / leave / the keys in the door 3 they / be / delighted 4 we / get / here / so lateZero Rubbish
Some people 1. have to laugh / must laugh /
must have laughed when Frank Schiavo decided, about 25 years ago, that he was going to try to reduce the amount of rubbish he produced. But nobody’s laughing these days. In fact, we now 2. have to give / had to give /
must have given Schiavo credit for being one of the first to adopt a “zero-rubbish” lifestyle.
The former environmental studies lecturer knew long ago that one of the ways we 3. can’t reduce /
can reduce / could reduce our personal carbon footprint is to cut down on our rubbish. That means following what some environmentalists call “the three Rs”: Reduce, Recycle and Reuse. Reduce your purchases, recycle anything possible and reuse food waste to make compost. In addition, environmentalists insist on repairing or donating items that you 4. can’t recycle /
shouldn’t recycle / could have recycled.
Schiavo succeeded in reducing the amount of rubbish he 5. should have thrown / would have thrown /
must have thrown into the bin. After following a zero-rubbish lifestyle for 16 years, a typical month’s worth of his rubbish 6. must fit / might fit / could fit into a small paper bag.
Karen should have worn a jacket.
mark must/may/might have left the keys
in the door.
they must/should be delighted.
We shouldn’t have got here so late.
needn’t have brought
should have woken up
might buy
shouldn’t have cut
would have taken
must have been
couldn’t repair
5. Complete the sentences with the correct form of should or had better, affirmative or negative. There may be more than one correct answer. 1. You wear that colour more often. It looks great on you. 2. I think he’s having a heart attack! We call an ambulance immediately! 3. You use any of my things while I’m gone, or I’ll be very angry. 4. I know that I eat so much junk food. 6. Rewrite the sentences with the modals in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences. 1. Have you got a pen for me to borrow? (can) 2. The water in this river is too polluted for us to drink. (mustn’t) 3. It’s possible that Jeff didn’t receive the message. (might not) 4. There’s no need for Julie to help me cook for the party. (not have to) 5. I doubt that story is real. (can’t) 7. Complete the sentences. Make them true for you. 1. Next year, I might . 2. My parents think I should . 3. My friends had better not . 4. People my age can’t . 5. When I was younger, my parents should have . 6. At weekends, I don’t have to . 7. Last year, I should have . 8. Correct the errors. 1. I don’t see Emma here. She must leave. 2. I’m not sure who’s singing that song. It might have been Madonna. 3. The president should has begun worrying about the environment years ago. 4. Would have Jane helped you? 5. We’d better to get petrol soon. 9. Translate the sentences. 1. Our country must cut down the amount of energy that we use. 2. Road safety should be taught to young children to avoid road accidents. 3. You’d better take the shortcut or you’ll be late. 4. You shouldn’t have brought up the subject of money. 5. Celia may have broken down because of the bad news.
Grammar review
0. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets. 1. Our teacher (work) in the school for the past 20 years. 2. We (play) tennis for an hour before Carol joined us. 3. (windsurf) is a popular sport in Australia. 4. I (should / go) on holiday last month when the prices were lower. 5. This milk (smell) off. 11 19should
should /
had better
had
better not
shouldn’t
Can i borrow your pen?
We mustn’t drink the water in this river.
Jeff might not have received the message.
Julie doesn’t have to help me cook for the
party.
that story can’t be real. / i can’t believe
that story is real.
accept all logical and grammatically
correct answers.
i don’t see emma here. she must have
left.
i’m not sure who’s singing that song.
it might be madonna.
the president should have begun worrying
about the environment years ago.
Would Jane have helped you?
We’d better get petrol soon.
nuestro país debe reducir la cantidad de
energía que usamos.
se debería enseñar seguridad vial a los/as niños/as
pequeños/as para evitar accidentes de tráfico.
será mejor que cojas el atajo o llegarás
tarde.
no deberías haber planteado el asunto
del dinero.
Puede que Celia se echara a llorar a
causa de la mala noticia.
has been working
had been playing
Windsurfing
should have gone
There’s no doubt that the Internet has got environmental benefits. E-mails, for instance, save on paper, electricity costs for processing ordinary letters and the fuel needed to pick up and deliver them. Online purchases mean fewer car trips to shops. As we increasingly get more news and music online, energy costs of producing and transporting newspapers, magazines and CDs are being reduced. And video-conferencing brings together people who, a few years ago, couldn’t have met without travelling long distances.
But online activity itself has definitely got a carbon footprint. You might be surprised to learn that, according to a recent study, the information technology industry emits approximately 2% of the world’s CO2 (carbon dioxide), creating about the same amount of greenhouse gases as the global airline industry.
The culprit, of course, is the electricity needed to run the huge server computers of Google and other data centres, which are, says researcher Evan Mills, “among the most energy-intensive facilities imaginable”.
But what does this mean for the average computer user? Estimates are that every 15 minutes we spend online performing a Google search or viewing web pages can generate up to 10 g of CO2. This is about two-thirds of the amount created by boiling a cup of water in an electric kettle. And players of online virtual-reality games can use nearly the same amount of electricity in one year as a typical citizen in Brazil uses over the same period. With more than 200 million Internet searches performed each day, billions of web pages being viewed and new online services such as Twitter gaining in popularity, many scientists believe it’s time to find ways to cut down the Internet’s environmental cost.
readinG
1. Read the article quickly, ignoring difficult words. Then answer the questions. 1. What problem does the writer describe? 2. What are some of the causes of the problem? 2. Read the text again and choose the best answer according to the text. 1. The information technology industry ... . a. produces about 2% less CO2 than airlines b. generates a similar amount of greenhouse gas as airlines do c. emits 2% more carbon dioxide than the airline industry d. creates much less greenhouse gas than the airline industry 2. According to Evan Mills, computer data centres ... . a. are among the most energy-saving facilities b. consume a great deal of energy c. don’t need a lot of electricity d. help Google conserve energy 3. Compared to an electric kettle, a 15-minute Google search ... . a. uses more energy b. creates about two-thirds more CO2 c. produces fewer grams of carbon dioxide d. generates 10 g more CO2 3. Complete the sentences according to the text. 1. By using e-mail, we’re able to save . 2. The average Brazilian consumes about the same amount of electricity in a year as . 3. Every day, more than 200 million . 4. Find words in the text that mean: 1. things that are bought (paragraph 1) 2. the cause of a problem (paragraph 3) 3. create (paragraph 4)The Environmental Costs
of Being Online
online pollution
huge amounts of Google searches /
web page viewing / complex, online
virtual-reality game playing
paper, electricity
costs for processing ordinary letters and on the
fuel needed to pick up and deliver them
online virtual-reality games do over the
same period
players of
internet
searches are performed
purchases
culprit
generate
21
writinG
1. Read the letter of complaint below. Replace the informal language in brackets with formal words and phrases.your task
Write a letter of complaint to your local newspaper about the lack of sports facilities in your area. Write 100-150 words.writinG a letter of complaint
1. Decide what you want to say. Think about the following questions: - What effect does the problem have on the people in your community? - Why does it bother you personally? - What actions should be taken? 2. Think of a way to convince the reader that this problem is important. Which of the following sentences could be used in your letter? 1. I like sport. 2. Young people who participate in sport are less likely to be bored and get involved in crime. 3. Playing sport regularly is part of a healthy lifestyle. 4. Team sports make you feel part of your community. 5. Being an athlete makes you more popular. 3. Organise your ideas. Use the model in Exercise 1 and the plan below to help you.
plan
Opening: State the purpose of your letter. Body: Give information and details. Closing: Request / Demand action. 4. Write a first draft. 5. Use the checklist to check your work. Then write a final draft. ChECklIsTI followed the plan for a formal letter.
I used formal language.
I checked my grammar, spelling and
punctuation.
See Writing Guide, Student’s Book page 141
Ms Allison Murray
President
NewSounds Records
49 Dean Street
London
Dear (Allison)
1.,
I’m writing (to tell you about)
2.the type of CD packaging used by NewSounds Records.
To begin with, I (really don’t like)
3.
that your company uses
plastic wrappings. Producing new plastic wastes
valuable natural resources.
Second, I object to the chemically-treated type of
paper on which the inserted booklets are printed
because it is unsuitable for recycling.
Many record companies are packaging CDs in
paper or plastic cases made of 100% recycled
and recyclable materials. I (really think that)
4.
NewSounds to do the same in
order to reduce its carbon footprint.
(Can’t wait to hear from you.)
5.(Sincerely,)
6.James Emerson
2. Rewrite the sentences using parallel structures. 1. Buying music online is cheaper than to buy CDs. 2. Tim’s scooter is newer than the one Rachel has. 3. Sam has got blond hair, brown eyes and his legs are long.11 Pickwick Road
Corsham
Wiltshire
7th May 2010
madam
to express my
concern regarding
strongly disagree
strongly urge
i look forward
to your reply.
Yours faithfully,
Buying music online is cheaper than buying Cds.
sam has got blond hair, brown eyes and long
legs.
Vocabulary
1. Replace each word or expression in bold with a suitable expression below. Make any necessary changes.
break down • pick up • make waves cut down • vanish into thin air • bring up
1. She learned photography on her own, without any formal training. 2. Many people could easily decrease the amount of water they use. 3. When the boy saw his injured puppy, he began to cry. 4. I don’t want to cause problems, so I won’t complain. 5. The suspect seemed to disappear while the police were chasing him. 6. Why did you start to talk about my party in front of Donna? I asked you not to! 2. Complete the passage with the words and expressions below.
carbon footprint • bellies • amount a drop in the ocean • renewable energy fuel • environmentally-friendly
People who work out at Central Gym in Hong Kong are not only trimming fat from their 1. , they’re also a source of 2. that helps provide power to the gym. Specially-designed exercise machines capture the electrical energy produced by exercisers, which then becomes 3. to power the lights above the machines. Excess energy is stored in a battery. Of course, the 4. of energy that’s created by these 5.
workouts is only 6. compared to the amount of electricity the gym uses. But researchers hope that eventually, human-powered energy will be much more widely and efficiently captured and used. So, what could be better than increasing your fitness while reducing your
7. ?
