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1.
WARNINGS... 5
2.
INTRODUCTION ... 6
2.1.
Presentation of the Program ... 7
3.
STARTING TO WORK WITH DOC ... 10
3.1.
Profile Selection ... 11
3.2.
Plant General Properties ... 12
3.3.
Layout Selection ... 18
3.4.
Main Window ... 19
4.
DRAWING THE SINGLE-LINE DIAGRAM ... 21
4.1.
General indications on the drawing ... 22
4.2.
Drawing with Macro Objects ... 22
4.3.
Examples ... 26
4.4.
Drawing an MV-LV Single-line Diagram with Macro Objects ... 32
4.5.
Drawing and Defining a Network – UPS Generator Group Changeover ... 37
4.6.
Modifying the Drawing ... 40
DOC – User Manual - Page 3
5.
CALCULATION AND DIMENSIONING ... 46
5.1.
Calculation and Dimensioning ... 47
5.2.
Error Messages ... 50
5.3.
Failed Selection of Single Objects ... 52
5.4.
Calculation and Dimensioning Results ... 54
5.5.
Changing the Dimensioning Results. ... 55
6.
VERIFICATION AND PROTECTIONS ... 57
6.1.
Verifications and Protections ... 58
6.2.
Printing Options for the Curves Module ... 70
7.
DRAWING DIAGRAMS OF AUXILIARIES ... 73
7.1.
Drawing the Key Diagram of the Auxiliary Circuits ... 74
8.
SWITCHBOARD CONFIGURATOR ... 79
8.1.
General indications on switchboard configuration ... 80
8.2.
WIZARD - Switchboard configuration ... 80
8.3.
Modifying Front Panel View ... 87
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9.
PRINTING THE DOCUMENTATION... 97
9.1.
Project Documentation Manager ... 98
9.2.
Creating the Project Documentation ... 99
9.3.
Print Preview ... 109
9.4.
Commands for Managing the Project Documentation ... 110
ANNEX A: LIST OF COMMANDS ... 112
File Menu ... 113
Edit Menu ... 114
Objects Menu ... 115
MV Objects Menu ... 117
Tools Menu ... 118
View Menu ... 123
Help Menu ... 124
MV Macros ... 124
LV Macros ... 128
Auxiliaries Macro ... 132
Switchboard Toolbar Menu... 133
ANNEX B: LIST AND DESCRIPTION OF THE SINGLE OBJECTS AND OF THE
RELATIVE CONTROL PANELS ... 135
Windows of MV Single Objects... 136
DOC – User Manual - Page 5
1. Warnings
Notes ABB S.p.A - ABB SACE Division responsibility towards the user necessarily presumes that the program has been used in a professionally correct manner and that the user has followed all the given precautions/instructions. Even in the case of program defects which have been detected and verified, ABB S.p.A - ABB SACE Division shall only be responsible for repairing the program in a reasonable length of time.
ABB S.p.A - ABB SACE Division declines all responsibility for either direct or indirect damages, however caused, to the user or third parties by use or non-use or late availability of the program, magnetic support or documentation supplied.
The user must:
- check the use of the program supplied by ABB S.p.A - ABB SACE Division and the reliability and accuracy of the data entered, and also that the data entered fully corresponds with and is consistent with the printed results;
- take all necessary precautions to safeguard and preserve data and to allow him to reconstruct data using his own means should the data be lost or destroyed due to an error in handling or entering data and/or an error in using the program, or even an operational defect of the program and/or processor used;
- ensure that the program is only used by professionally and technically qualified personnel able to use it correctly. The user must follow the instructions and notes given and take all the precautions recommended at all times.
ABB S.p.A - ABB SACE Division declines all responsibility if the user does not follow the instructions for operation and use indicated.
ABB S.p.A - ABB SACE Division declines all responsibility for any damages due to destruction of data files or other occurrences caused by not having followed the instructions and precautions indicated, by not having used the program correctly or due to an operational defect of the computer used, whatever the cause of this operational defect may be. ABB S.p.A - ABB SACE Division declines all responsibility for mistakes by the user concerning the use of DOC and any mistakes and/or inaccuracies contained in the data and/or data combinations entered.
ABB S.p.A - ABB SACE Division reserves the right to modify and/or update the program and relevant instructions, at any such time that it is deemed necessary or opportune, in the light of new provisions of law and technological, management or operational developments.
Conditions of use:
- The program is protected by Copyright.
- No unauthorized copies of the program and relevant documentation are permitted.
- Changing, adapting, re-designing or creating applications based on the program itself, on the files or documentation supplied is forbidden.
- ABB S.p.A - ABB SACE Division reserves the right to take legal action to protect its interests. The software is not for sale and is distributed for promotional purposes only.
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2. INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes: the list of DOC functionalities;
DOC – User Manual - Page 7
2.1. Presentation of the Program
DOC is the ABB program for drawing and calculating single-line diagrams of low and medium voltage electrical plants, for selection of the switching and protection devices and for verifying coordination of the protections.
DOC is aimed at all professionals in the electrical sector looking for a precise but simple and rapid tool, which helps them to do their work.
The main functionalities of the program are:
Drawing the single-line electric diagram.
Drawing the key diagram of the auxiliary circuits.
Calculation of line current and voltage drops.
Calculation of short-circuit currents.
Dimensioning low and medium voltage cables.
Dimensioning switching and protection devices.
Switchboard configuration
Calculation of overtemperatures in ANS switchboards.
Setting and coordination of protection devices.
Verifying cable protection.
Printing the single-line diagram and project documentation.
The program can calculate electric networks with the following characteristics:
Medium voltage: Vn ≤ 36kV 50/60Hz
State of the neutral: Insulated / Compensated
Low voltage: Vn ≤ 1kV 50/60Hz
Three-phase power supplies with and without neutral, two-phase and single-phase
Distribution system : TT – TN-S – TN-C – IT
Unlimited number of levels and departures.
Several distribution systems in the same network
Three-phase networks with single-phase and two-phase loads
Plants with service generator.
Plants in cogeneration.
Plants with back-up transformers.
Island operation, without restrictions on the number of generators.
Colors of the Single-line Diagram
To help in reading this document, the images of the single-line diagram have – where possible – been made with a white background and therefore with a configuration of colors different from the one predefined in the program.
To use the program it is advisable to use the predefined colors (black background and green, yellow or red symbols according to their state).
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DOC: Drawing the Single-line Diagram
DOC – User Manual - Page 9
DOC: Cable Protection and Selectivity Verification
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3. Starting to work with DOC
This chapter describes operations preliminary to drawing the single-line diagram;
description of the work environment;
personalization of the work environment.
After reading this chapter, the user will be able to:
personalize the appearance of the program;
select the utility;
define the plant general properties;
DOC – User Manual - Page 11
3.1. Profile Selection
DOC can be used either in the Light or Professional Profile according to requirements, combining calculation precision with rapidity of project execution in the best way.
The Light Profile, with simple and immediate use, is recommended for drawing diagrams and doing calculations with a low level of complexity and with low voltage or schematized supply by means of a MV/LV transformer.
On the other hand, the Professional Profile, which makes all the DOC functionalities available, is recommended for drawing and calculation of complex diagrams with medium voltage supply or with supply by means of generators.
On program start-up, the window for selection of the Profile to use DOC with is shown.
Window for Profile Selection
Deactivate / Reactivate the Window for Profile Selection.
Profile selection can be deactivated by choosing the “Do not ask again on start/up” option. In this case DOC will start up with the last Profile selected.
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3.2. Plant General Properties
The plant general properties window allows you to define the type of plant to be made. The window is available in simplified mode (Light Profile) and in advanced mode (Professional Profile). In both cases it is possible to select the type of supply at the top, whereas in the lower part the parameters common to the whole single-line diagram are defined.
Plant General Properties – Light Profile and Professional Profile LV Distribution
This is the supply suitable for representing civil, service sector plants or small-sized industrial applications.
The parameters required to define the supply are the three-phase short-circuit current or the three-phase fault impedance value or of the short-circuit apparent power.
DOC – User Manual - Page 13
“LV Supply”: representation in the single-line diagram Trafo MV-LV
This is the supply suitable for representing medium-large power plants when it is not necessary to coordinate the protections between the MV side and the LV side of the transformer/s.
It is also useful for verifying the voltage drop from the transformer secondary to the last load (without considering the voltage drop inside the transformer which would be counted by DOC if the “Transformer with 2 windings” Single Object was used).
The parameters needed to define the supply are the number, the rated power and the rated short-circuit voltage of the transformer/s.
MV Supply
This is the supply suitable for representing the medium voltage section in a large-sized plant as well, selecting the MV side switching and protection devices and coordinating them with the LV side of the plant.
The parameters needed to define the supply (normally communicated by the power utility company) are:
The rated voltage.
The short-circuit current.
The ground fault current at the point of delivery.
The state (insulated / compensated) of the neutral.
The calculator-shaped button allows input of the short-circuit current value in an alternative way, when the three-phase fault impedance or the apparent short-circuit power are known. It is also possible to personalize the short-circuit power factor value (needed for calculation of the short-circuit current peak value).
Finally, input of the ground fault current value in an alternative way is possible when the capacity to ground or the Petersen coil parameters are known (only in the case of compensated neutral).
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“MV supply”: Calculator for defining the MV short-circuit
Calculation of the Ground Fault according to the State of the Neutral
The formulae used by DOC for calculation of the ground fault are given below with special attention to the parameters available for defining the MV short-circuit.
System with insulated neutral
2
Ce
V
1
,
1
3
3Io
f
System with compensated neutral
2 2 2 22
3
1
2
1
,
1
3
1
,
1
Igi
Igr
3Io
Lp
f
Ce
f
V
Rp
V
where:- 3Io [A]: ground fault current taken from the Homopolar transformer
- 1,1V [V]: phase voltage corrected according to the c factor of the IEC 60909-0 Standard
- f [Hz]: frequency
- Ce [μF]: capacity to ground of the network on the supply side of the utility - Igr [A]: real component of the ground fault current due to the resistance of the
Petersen coil (Rp)
- Rp [Ω]: resistance of the Petersen coil
- Igi [A]: imaginary component of the ground fault current equal to the vectorial sum of the capacitive contribution of the network (Ce) and of the inductive contribution of the Petersen coil (Lp)
DOC – User Manual - Page 15
“MV Supply”: representation in the single-line diagram Generator
This is the supply suitable for representing plants totally supplied in an island, such as ships or off-shore platforms.
To define the supply it is sufficient to indicate the rated voltage value of the generator. Subsequently it will be possible to define the generator with all its parameters or to select it from the list of those available in DOC.
Selection of the “Generator” Supply
The “Generator” supply must not be used in the case of cogeneration or service generators (Cf. Chapter 4.5)
In these cases it is advisable to use another of the supplies available and subsequently represent the generator by means of the “Generator” Single Object.
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Panel for “Setting LV section parameters”
The panel allows the preset value for the main parameters characterizing the LV section of the plant to be defined.
Precise setting of the parameters means the drawing and data input stages can be speeded up. Parts of the plant which must have different parameter values (for example, you select Phases = LLLN, but you also have to represent single-phase loads) can be customized afterwards during drawing (Cf. point 3 of Chapter 4.2)
Rated voltage: a list of the standardized voltages is available. In any case, it is possible to manually digit a value between 0V and 1000V as you want
Distributed phases: all possible combinations in a three-phase system are available (LLLN, LLL, LLN, LL, L1N, L2N, L3N)
Distribution system: TN-C, TN-S, TT and IT distribution systems are available. It is advisable to set the distribution system of the supply. Indications are given below about how to proceed in the case where there are plant sections present with a different distribution system (for example, sections managed with the TN-S system in plants with TN-C supply)
Rated frequency
Selection of the number of poles according to the distributed phases: It is possible to indicate your own preferences to DOC regarding management of the neutral in LLLN and LN circuits.
Selection of the reference Standard for miniature circuit-breakers: DOC is able to select the modular protection devices according to the correct product Standard according to the type of plant.
In particular, for industrial plants, the nameplate values declared according to the IEC 60947-2 product Standard are used, whereas for plants in the civil/service sector, the nameplate values declared according to the IEC 60898 product Standard are used
Automatic optimization of the neutral: when active, DOC proposes the neutral of the cables with sections equal to 50% of the phase section (only under the conditions permitted by the Standard!). Otherwise the neutral conductor has a section the same as that of the phases.
Panel for “Plant loads”
After calculation of the single-line diagram drawn, the plant load data are given in this panel in terms of:
Active power
Reactive power
Current
DOC – User Manual - Page 17
Advanced settings
Further advanced level settings are available which are already predefined with values that do not normally need to be changed.
The advanced settings are always visible if you use the Professional Profile. When using the Light Profile, you can access them by pressing the “Advanced settings” button.
The advanced settings provided are:
Selection of the Standards for the short-circuit calculations between: o IEC 60909 (International Standard for 50-60Hz applications) o IEC 61363 (Naval Applications)
o NFC 15-100 (French Standard) o VDE 0102 (German Standard) o Method of the symmetrical components.
Selection of the Standard for dimensioning low voltage cables among: o CEI 64-8 (Italian Standard)
o IEC 60092 (Naval Applications) o IEC 60364 (International Standard) o UNE 20460 (Spanish Standard) o VDE 0298-4 (German Standard) o NFC 15-100 (French Standard)
Temperature: ambient temperature value (used for calculation of switchboard overtemperatures) and the one inside switchboards (presumed or calculated by DOC; used to consider any temperature derating in of the performance of the protection device)
Protection of people: contains the parameters used by DOC to verify protection against indirect contacts: Contact voltage; Tripping time; Resistance of the ground plate (cf. Chapter 6.1.1 for a description of their use).
Automatic selection of the type of circuit-breaker: data to guide DOC in selecting Miniature, Molded-case or Air circuit-breakers according to the current.
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3.3. Layout Selection
Once the general plant properties have been defined, DOC allows the layout to be used to be defined among the following types:
“MV columns” (recommended for drawing diagrams of MV compartments)
“LV columns” (recommended for drawing LV plants)
“Free” (recommended for producing extremely customized and/or special diagrams on A2, A1, A0 page formats)
To make selection easier, a preview is available of all the possible layouts.
Previews of the “MV columns”, “LV columns” and “Free” layouts
Changing the Layout during Diagram Drawing
During drawing of a diagram, it may be necessary to change the layout in relation to the one selected previously (for example, “MV columns” on the first page and “LV columns” on the following pages).
This is possible by using the “Change layout – page dimensions” command in the “View” menu.
DOC – User Manual - Page 19
3.4.
Main Window
(1) Menus and toolbars
In this area there are the commands used for managing files, the commands for drawing and the program functionalities.
(2) Macro Objects
The Macro Object area contains all the macro-blocks, i.e. blocks consisting of several Single Objects, which allow rapid diagram drawing.
The contents of this area are contextual to the type of diagram you are drawing (MV, LV or of the auxiliaries).
(3) Drawing sheet
This is the area where the project to be made with DOC takes shape. It is the page, complete with layout, just as it can be printed to document the project.
(4) Work flow
The “Work flow” toolbar has the aim of guiding the user during the main stages of carrying out the project.
DOC work Area The work flow, from which the name of the relative Toolbar comes, to be followed to work best with DOC, is as follows:
Drawing the Medium Voltage network (Cf. Chapter 4.4).
Drawing the Low Voltage departures (Cf. Chapters 4.2 and 4.3).
Calculating and dimensioning the plant (Cf. Chapter 5).
Curve verification and drawing (cf. Chapter 6).
Functional drawing of the auxiliary circuit electric diagrams (Cf. Chapter 7).
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Creating and printing the documentation (Cf. Chapter 9).
3.4.1.
Personalizing the Main Window
The appearance of the main window of DOC can be customized by changing the colors of the diagram and the presence and position of the toolbars.
This way you can work in a way closer to your own habits.
Colors
To change the colors, use the “Preferences…” command in the “Tools” menu. The settings are on the “Colors” page.
The colors which define the state of the Single Objects can be changed, as well as the work sheet background color.
Window for personalizing the colors The profile of the colors preset in the program have the following meanings:
Color Meaning
Yellow Single Object to be dimensioned or checked Green Single Object dimensioned correctly Red Single Object with problems or errors
Brown Single Object not supplied in the present network configuration
Toolbars
The Toolbars can be enabled – disabled by the “Toolbars” command in the “View” menu. It is also possible to move the Toolbars into your favorite position of the work environment by dragging them with the mouse.
Visibility of the Macro Objects bars is a function of the active work flow button. Their position can be customized in the same way as the other Toolbars.
DOC – User Manual - Page 21
4. Drawing the single-line diagram
This chapter describes: drawing the single-line diagram of Low Voltage networks;
drawing the single-line diagram of Medium Voltage networks;
network data input;
managing several power supplies in the same project. After reading this chapter, the user will be able to:
use the Single Objects and Macro Objects to draw the single-line diagram of Medium and Low Voltage networks;
draw all types of diagrams, even those consisting of several switchboards and shown over several pages;
define the characteristics of loads and lines;
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4.1. General indications on the drawing
Once the general properties of the plant and the layout have been defined, the utility symbol is already present on the drawing sheet.
You can therefore proceed to draw the single-line diagram as described in this chapter. It is possible to use two different types of objects with DOC:
Single Objects
Macro Objects
The Single Objects are the blocks which represent a single element of the electrical plant and which allow a single-line diagram to be made (for example: “LV Circuit-breaker”, “LV Cable”, “Generic load”, “Busbar”, “Motor”, …). By connecting the Single Objects with each other, you can obtain infinite combinations for representing any type of plant.
The icons of the Single Objects are found in the Toolbars area.
On the other hand, the Macro Objects are a combination of several Single Objects already ready to be drawn with a single click.
The Macro Objects thereby allow you to draw much more quickly, at the expense of the variety of plants which can be shown.
Furthermore, with the Macro Objects it is only possible to draw purely radial networks, whereas the Single Objects allow meshed type networks to be made which DOC is able to manage during the calculations.
The best result is obtained by combining the Single Objects and the Macro Objects, combining the need of each particular plant with the speed of making the diagram.
To draw a Single Object or a Macro Object, it is sufficient to click over the icon that represents it. The Single Object or the Macro Object will be hooked up to the mouse pointer, ready to be drawn with a click of the left button in the desired position in the diagram.
The Single Objects are only available with the Professional Profile.
The Medium Voltage Single Objects and the Medium Voltage Macro Objects are available using the Professional Profile and starting a network with the “MV Supply”
4.2. Drawing with Macro Objects
This chapter describes how to make a single-line diagram only using Macro Objects.
The Macro Objects are useful to make a single-line diagram rapidly, starting from the main device and going on with the departures on the load side until the loads are reached.
DOC – User Manual - Page 23
Low Voltage Macro Objects
“General” and “General Second level” Macro Objects
“Generic departure” and “Motor departure” Macro Objects
1) Start positioning the main circuit-breaker by selecting the “Main CB with Overload and Short circuit protection” icon from the “General” Macro tools toolbar.
The program will see to stretching the connections so as to take up all the space available both vertically and horizontally on the work sheet.
1) Main CB with Overload and Short circuit protection 2) From the “Generic departure” Macro select the type of feeder to be shown, for example, a
“Generic Load feeder, CB with Overload and Short circuit protection + RCB” departure. Hook the Macro Object up to the barring on output from the main circuit-breaker.
3) The departure line is now connected to the barring and the program shows the dialog window for fast definition of the feeder data.
This way it is possible to define the main data of the feeder while drawing:
Phases (single-phase, three-phase with and without neutral)
Distribution system
Description of the departure (to allow more flexibility, these are available on two lines)
Consumption of the generic load (rated current or rated active power and power factor)
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3) Feeder properties fast input window To disable the panel for fast definition of the feeder, remove the checking off sign at the “Always show” option.
Disabling these functions is useful for those who want to edit the data of a feeder in detail.
The panel can be re-enabled from the “Toolbar” menu – “Preferences…”, on the “Other” page.
Phases and Distribution system
The phases and distribution system properties must be consistent in the plant.
This does not mean they must necessarily be the same throughout plant, but that there are rules which DOC helps you to follow (in fact, it is possible, for example, to manage sections of plant with a TN-S or TT distribution system starting from a TN-C supply, or single-phase lines derived from a three-phase system with neutral; but it is not possible, for example, to derive a single-phase load from a three-phase distribution without neutral or to derive an IT system from a TN system without using an insulation transformer which separates the two parts of the plant).
DOC helps the user by only showing the properties compatible with the type of distribution selected.
In the case of incongruence, DOC notifies the incorrect situation during the calculations and indicates the Single Objects by changing their color (Cf. Chapter Error! Reference source ot found.).
DOC – User Manual - Page 25
Modifying the phases and distribution system
Modifying the phases and distribution system can be done in two ways:
By selecting just one Single Object to be modified, applying the “Properties” command (the same as a double click over the symbol of the Single Object) and modifying its Phase and/or Distribution system properties (DOC will only show the values compatible with the position the Single Object occupies in the plant).
By selecting several Single Objects to be modified and using the “Properties” command, in the “Edit” menu. You can change the common properties with the “Common properties” window.
4) Once the main data has been defined, DOC adapts the feeder line in height according to the layout, occupying all the space available.
4) Final appearance of a feeder line 5) Repeat the procedure for every other feeder line.
Advice on Drawing in Columns
There are two important rules to follow to improve the result of a drawing in columns:
The Macro Objects must be inserted in the center of the column. DOC helps to do this correctly thanks to the predefined (and unalterable) grid step, with the horizontal and vertical lines which intersect in the cursor position and follow it in its movements and with the same structure as the layout in columns.
Do not insert two Single Objects of the same type in the same column (for example, two “Circuit-breaker” Single Objects): the layout would not be able to host the data of both!
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Coding the Single Objects
DOC automatically codes the Single Objects according to the type of layout:
In the layout in columns, the coding follows the rule: Page.Column. Other Single Objects drawn in the same column will have the same numbering (Circuit-breaker –QF1.1; Cable –WC1.1; Load –L1.1).
In the free layout, the Single Objects of the same type will have incremental coding. The fifth circuit-breaker inserted from the start of the drawing will have the code “–QF5”; and could be combined with the third cable “-WC3”.
4.3. Examples
4.3.1.
Switchboard with Sub-levels
With the Macro Objects it is also possible to draw several levels in the same switchboard (for example, several thermomagnetic devices subordinate to a single residual current device). 1) Starting from the switchboard already defined in chapter 4.2, add a “Main second level
residual current CB” Macro Object in the first free column from the “Main second level” Macros. The special barring will be added directly on the load side of the main second level device.
1) Main second level residual current circuit-breaker 2) Select the type of feeder to be shown from the “Generic feeders” Macros, for example a
“Generic Load feeder, CB with Overload and Short circuit protection”. Hook the Macro Object up to the barring on the load side of the residual current device.
DOC – User Manual - Page 27
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4.3.2.
Switchboard over Several Pages
When a switchboard requires more space than the 11 columns available in the layout, the procedure described in this chapter can be followed to show it over several pages.
1) After having drawn the part of the switchboard which can be shown on the present page, add the “Line departure” Macro Object from the “General” Macros to the barring.
1) Board with link to page 2) Add a new page to the project with the “Add Page” command, available in the “View” menu
(or click over the icon on the left)
The settings of the current page, are also kept for the new page.
Chapter 9.4 describes the settings available and how to change them should the new page require this.
DOC – User Manual - Page 29
3) On the new page, add the “Line with arrival link” Macro Object from the “General” Macros. The pointer of the mouse must be positioned so as to fall half-way down the first column.
Once the barring has been added, DOC will ask which “Departure line link” to connect it to among those available.
The “Departure line link” sign follows the Page.Column format.
In the case of an underlying image, the arrival line page link will be connected to link 1.11. A description can be added to improve recognition of the links.
3
Dialog window to connect the “Link to page” 5) The line on the new page has been added. Now it is possible to continue drawing the board
on the new page!
Browsing through the Project Pages
When the project consists of several pages, it is possible to browse through these using the “Next page” and “Previous page” commands in the “View” menu. The commands can also be carried out using the F12 and F11 function keys or by clicking over the icons shown on the left.
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4.3.3.
Diagram with More than One Distribution Board
If the plant foresees several distribution boards, these can be drawn in a single diagram with DOC.
A network consisting of dozens of boards and hundreds of circuit-breakers and cables, can take up a lot of the processor resources and require long processing times.
Should the calculation times become long, it is advisable to divide the project into several files.
This is possible by simulating a board with a single generic load of equal power, net of the demand factor, and putting the board removed back into a new file.
Simulate the network on the supply side in the new file by setting the supply data, copying the results of the calculation, voltage and short-circuit current of the original project.
1) A sub-board which supplies some feeders can be derived from the main distribution board. The line from the main distribution board to the sub-distribution board is drawn by means of the “Feeder line to sub-board…” Macro Object in the “Main feeders” Macro toolbar. The user can select the type of protection device to be used.
Feeder lines for sub-board 2) Add a new page as shown in the previous example.
3) On the new page, draw the “Arrival line link” Macro Object from the “General” Macros toolbar. The pointer of the mouse must be centered half-way down the first column of the layout.
DOC – User Manual - Page 31
Arrival page
4) Draw the general device of the sub-board selecting it from the Macro Objects available in the “General” Macros toolbar.
5) Complete the sub-board with its feeder lines.
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4.4. Drawing an MV-LV Single-line Diagram with Macro Objects
Once the MV Supply in the “General plant properties” has been selected, select the “Medium voltage” icon in the “Work flow” tools toolbar.
The Medium Voltage Macro Objects will now be visible and ready to be drawn.
“First column” and “Last column” Macro Objects
“MV feeders” Macro Objects
“MV bus-tie” Macro Objects You can only draw the Medium Voltage Single Objects and Macro Objects with the Professional Profile and only if an MV supply has been selected.
In the case of other supplies, these Macro Objects are not visible.
Medium Voltage Macro Objects
Each Medium Voltage Macro Object represents a typical compartment of the Unimix secondary distribution board.
DOC – User Manual - Page 33
1) Select the compartment you want to use as arrival line from the utility company.
Arrival with typical P1A compartment 2) Draws the Medium Voltage diagram with the Macro Objects available, already preset to
make up a Unimix board, placing a typical compartment side by side with another.
MV switchgear with arrival line in “P1A” compartment, “M (Measurement)” compartment and two “P1E” feeders compartments separated from the “ASR bus-tie” compartment
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3) Add the “Transformer” to get ready to draw the LV section of the plant.
4) Add a “Vertical departure line link” to the secondary winding of the “Transformer”.
5) MV switchgear with two transformers and two departure lines 5) Add a new page with the “Add Page” command, available in the “View” menu, or with the
icon shown on the left.
6) Change the layout of the new page with the “Change layout – page size” command, available in the “View” menu, or with the icon shown on the left.
DOC – User Manual - Page 35
Changing the layout 7) In the “Work flow” area, select the “Low Voltage” icon to display the Low voltage Macro
Objects.
8) On the new page, draw the “Arrival line link” from the bar of the “General” Macro Objects. The pointer of the mouse must be centered half-way down the first column of the layout. The program will ask to connect the Line in from the page link to the appropriate link.
9) On the load side of the link, draw the “LV cable” Single Object and define its main characteristics in the dialog window.
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9) LV cable connected to a transformer secondary 10) Draws the main device from the bar of the “General” Macro Objects.
Arrival line from the MV-LV transformer with cable and main circuit-breaker
11) Complete the main low voltage switchboard with its feeders (cf. Chapters 4.3.1, 4.3.2, 4.3.3 for further details on drawing low voltage electric diagrams).
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4.5. Drawing and Defining a Network – UPS Generator Group Changeover
By selecting the Professional Profile, it is possible to define several power supplies in mutual exclusion for the same plant.
1) Draw a network with “MV-LV Trafo” supply and where a “Generator” Single Object is also present.
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2) Use the “Network configurations” command in the “Tools” menu.
“Network configurations” window 3) Define the “TRAFO” configuration:
Double click over the “<default>” text to rename the existing configuration in “TRAFO”;
Deselect the protection device which connects the “Generator” Single Object to the rest of the network. In this way, in the TRAFO configuration, the generator will be disconnected from the plant.
4) Define a new “GENSET” configuration:
Click over the “New” button;
Assign the “GENSET” name to the new configuration;
Deselect the protection device which connects the supply to the rest of the network. In this way, in the GENSET configuration, the supply will be disconnected from the plant.
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5) Once the mask for defining the configurations is closed, a part of the network will be of a different color according to the configuration selected.
The color indicates that a part of network is “off”, or not supplied (to change the colors or to know their meaning, Cf. Chapter Error! Reference source not found.).
The unsupplied part of the network will not be considered in the calculation of this configuration.
Single-line diagram: “GENSET” configuration
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4.6. Modifying the Drawing
This chapter describes the most useful commands for modifying the single-line diagram drawing.
All the commands are available in the “Edit” menu.
Zoom In, Zoom Out and Pan with the mouse
The “Zoom In”, “Zoom Out” and “Pan” commands can be given using the mouse wheel: this way the relative part of the diagram can be displayed rapidly with the right level of detail.
The “Zoom In” and “Zoom Out” commands are, respectively, turning the mouse wheel upwards and clinking downwards.
The “Pan” command is obtained by keeping the mouse wheel pressed and dragging the page.
Multiple selection by means of selection box To select several Single Objects it is advisable to:
Disable any active command by pressing the “Esc” key.
Click over an empty point of the drawing.
Create a selection box which touches or completely includes the Single Objects to be selected.
The selection will consist of all the Single Objects touched or completely included in the selection box according to the first click and to the direction in which the Single Objects are selected.
If the first click is on the right of the Single Objects to be selected, DOC will add all the Single Objects touched by the selection box to the Multiple selection.
If the first click is on the left of the Single Objects to be selected, DOC will add all the Single Objects completely included in the selection box to the Multiple selection. Multiple selection by means of clicking over the Single Objects to be selected
A multiple selection can be created by clicking over each Single Object you want to add to the selection list. Once all the Single Objects wanted have been selected, select the Command you want to apply (for example, the “Properties” command)
Duplicate
The “Duplicate” command allows a Single Object or a Multiple selection of Single Objects to be copied onto the same page of the drawing with just one command.
The predefined values of the original Single Objects will be copied into the duplicated Single Objects.
Copy – paste
The “Copy” and “Paste” commands allow a Single Object or a Multiple selection of Single Objects to be copied onto different pages of the drawing.
The predefined values of the original Single Objects will be indicated in the pasted Single Objects.
Stretch
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Connections stretched using the “Stretch” command
Add a text
To add the text notes to the single-line diagram, use the “Text” command in the “Tools” menu.
4.7. Labels
The Labels are texts associated with each Single Object which allow the characteristics and calculation results to be displayed, such as the Iz of a Cable, the Description of a Circuit-breaker or the short-circuit current at a Busbar.
The position of the Labels depends on the layout. Layout in columns
The layout in columns shows all the data relative to a Single Object in the layout underlying it.
The contents of each compartment of the layout is explained in the caption at the bottom on the left.
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Layout: Caption (first column on the left); data of a dimensioned feeder (green color) and data of an undimensioned feeder (blue color) Free Layout
The free layout shows some calculation results in the labels placed beside each Single Object.
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Label Management
The Labels show the user the main data of each Single Object. The Labels can be customized:
The list of data contained in the Label can be changed by the user with the “Label Management” command in the “Edit” menu. There are two predefined Label configurations: one for the free diagram, the other for the layouts in columns. Special Label configurations can be saved to then be used again in other projects.
The fixed text part of the Labels can be changed by the user with the “Edit object labels” command in the “Edit” menu.
Code of the circuit-breaker modified with the “Modify labels” command Move the Labels
Using layouts A3, A2, A1 or A0, which allow free drawing of the single-line diagram, the labels are shown beside the Single Objects.
When two or more labels are overlaid, it is possible to move them with the “Move labels” command.
Modify the data shown on a Label
To modify the list of data shown on a Label, the “Label Management” command in the “Edit” menu is used.
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Window for label management The window for label management allows definition of which properties to display in the diagram.
To modify the state of a property, first select the Single Object to be modified in the “Object” menu, then you can enable or disable a property on the list of “Properties”. The selection effects all the Single Objects in the single-line diagram.
Furthermore, it is possible to save a label configuration by means of the “Save configuration…” button, to be able to use it again in another project.
The “Board configuration diagram” and “Free configuration diagram” options refer to the two types of layout:
“Board configuration diagram” is the layout in columns, available in two variants: one for LV plants and one for MV switchgear.
“Free configuration diagram” is the layout without columns, where the labels are displayed beside each Single Object.
Example of using label management: Display\Hide the padlock
The padlock icon (Cf. Chapter 5.5) present in the Labels is used to make the Single Objects, which have been locked by the user and that DOC cannot modify following a calculation, recognizable.
The symbol is very useful during design, but cannot be used during the printing stage. It can therefore be useful to know how to manage the Labels to show or hide the padlock icon according to the task you are carrying out.
This situation can be managed with two label configurations:
With padlock
Without padlock
1) Launch the “Label Management” command from the “Edit” menu
2) Select the “Switchboard configuration diagram” or “Free configuration diagram” option according to the layout being used
3) Activate the padlock for all the Single Objects. The padlock is managed by the “STATE” properties.
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Label management: STATE label of the LV circuit-breaker 4) Save the configuration with the “Save configuration…” button, assigning it whatever name
you like.
5) Disable the padlock for all the Single Objects. 6) Save the new configuration as described in point 4).
7) To display of the padlock, launch the “Label management” command from the “Edit” menu, select the type of diagram used, switchboard or free, select the configuration where display of the padlock is foreseen from the pull-down.
8) Once the two configurations described in point 4) and 7) have been created, you can rapidly pass from one to the other by executing the “Label management” command and selecting the desired configuration from the list at the top on the left.
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5. Calculation and Dimensioning
This chapter describes: the DOC calculation potential;
results of the calculation;
verification of existing plants.
After reading this chapter, the user will be able to:
understand what is calculated by the program;
understand how the calculations are done;
solve most of incorrect situations highlighted by the program;
read the calculation results;
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5.1. Calculation and Dimensioning
When the single-line diagram drawing is completed and the data of the Single Objects have been defined, it is possible to calculate the single-line diagram.
DOC is fitted with a powerful calculation engine able to automatically carry out long and complex operations which would take a long time to carry out manually or using other less powerful software.
In particular the DOC calculation engine is able to:
Verify correctness of the single-line diagram design
Calculate the load currents at all points of the diagram
Calculate the voltage drops
Balance single-phase - two-phase loads over the three phases
Calculate the power consumed by the supply and the power factor
Dimension the cables according to the calculated load currents and/or the voltage drops
Repeat steps 2 and 3 until all the cables have been correctly dimensioned
Calculate the maximum and minimum short-circuit currents at all points of the single-line diagram
Select the protection devices according to the load currents, short-circuit currents, protection of cables and people, and if required, coordinate the protection devices (discrimination and/or back-up).
The calculation is done using the “Calculate” button of the “Work flow” toolbar. All the calculation parameters are preset so as to satisfy the needs which are found in the most common plants, therefore starting the calculation is immediate and does not require any further decisions by the user.
Advanced Calculation Settings
Some parameters used in the calculation procedure can be modified by the user.
This operation is generally not indispensable because the parameters are preset so as to satisfy the most common needs. Therefore, to view and modify these parameters it is necessary to use the “Options…” command in the “Tools” menu, and to select the “Show calculation settings before dimensioning” box on the “Calculation options” page,
Modification of the advanced calculation options is only recommended for expert users and those with special requirements. In fact, they regard:
Definition of the instants at which to calculate the short-circuit currents;
Tolerance over the power supply voltage;
Reference temperature of the cables for calculation of the maximum short-circuit currents;
Type of over-excitation of the generators present in the diagram;
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Minimum and Maximum short-circuit currents
DOC calculates the Minimum and Maximum short-circuit currents it all points of the network.
Their difference is explained in the IEC 60909-0 Standard in chapters 2.4 and 2.5 (the differences are also given in DOC during printing in the “Short-circuit Calculation Hypotheses”; 9.2.3).
It is important to underline that, with regard to the end-of-line fault currents, DOC calculates:
The Minimum fault current in the cable, used for protection against indirect contacts (Cf. Chapter 6.1).
The Maximum fault current in the switchboard on the load side of this line, used for selection of the Breaking Capacity of the protection devices installed in the switchboard. Two different short-circuit values are therefore available at the end of the line, defined as follows:
Maximum short-circuit currents
To calculate the maximum short-circuit currents, the voltage factor
c
max (equal to 1.05or 1.1);
The motors are included if their contribution is higher than 5% of the maximum short-circuit current calculated without this contribution;
The resistances of the lines (overhead and in cables) are taken at a temperature of 20°C. Minimum short-circuit currents
To calculate the minimum short-circuit currents, the voltage factor cmin, equal to 0.95, is
applied;
The contribution of motors is excluded;
The resistances of the lines (overhead and in cables) are taken at a temperature of 80°C. The values of the cable resistance at 20°C and at 80°C can be printed by enabling the “Table of LV cables” of the project documentation (Cf. Chapter 9.2.4.).
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During calculation, a window is visible which shows the state of progress of the process.
Calculation Window During calculation, messages may appear, when significant or abnormal situations occur. The meaning of the main messages is explained in chapter 5.2.
According to what is found by DOC, the Single Objects may change color in conformity with the profile of the colors (Cf. chapter Error! Reference source not found..) on completion of he calculation.
It may also occur that in some situations DOC is not able to select some switching and protection devices.
The main cases which may occur are explained in chapter 5.3.
The results available on completion of calculation and the methods for displaying these are described in chapter 4.7.
The main actions which can be taken on completion of the calculation to verify the results and, where necessary, to modify the program selections are described in chapter 5.5.
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5.2. Error Messages
This chapter explains the most important and frequent error messages that can appear during calculation.
The error messages which could appear during calculation are of two types:
Blocking messages: warn of a critical and incorrect situation which must be corrected before being able to proceed with the calculation.
Warning messages: draw the user‟s attention to an anomalous or potentially incorrect situation but do not block the calculation process.
Blocking messages
Phases – Distribution system not consistent in the highlighted Objects
DOC verifies the congruence of the single-line diagram (for example: a single-phase cable cannot supply a three-phase load).
Solutions: verify the phase and distribution system properties in the Single Objects indicated. In the case of any discrepancies, cancel and draw new the Single Objects or modify the Phase and Distribution system properties after having carried out a Multiple selection (Cf. Chapter 4.6) of the Single Objects involved.
Single-line diagram incorrect: it is necessary to add a power source between supply and loads. Verify the Highlighted Objects
DOC needs at least one Single Object with impedance not nil (for example, a cable or a busway) to be present between supply and loads.
Solution: verify that there is at least a cable or busway between the supply and the loads.
Single-line diagram incorrect: it is necessary to add a power source between two supplies. Verify the Highlighted Objects
DOC needs at least one Single Object with not nil impedance (for example, a cable or a busway) to be present between two supplies which work in parallel.
Solution: verify that there is at least a cable or busway between the two power supplies.
Single-line diagram incorrect: some objects are short-circuited! Verify the Highlighted Objects.
DOC verifies that there are no branches with nil impedance in parallel with Single Objects or branches of the plant: the latter would, in fact, not be passed through by current and this is indication of an error in the single-line diagram drawing. Solution: verify the connections between the two short-circuited Single Objects.
Single-line diagram incorrect: connections missing. Verify the Highlighted Objects A part of the single-line diagram is not connected to the supply.
Solution: connect the Highlighted Single Objects to the supply.
Single-line diagram incorrect: links not connected. Verify the Highlighted Objects A link has not been connected to the relative arrival.
Solution: verify the link indicated and connect it to another link; should the link be superfluous, cancel it.
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Warning messages
Voltage drop higher than the limit set for the highlighted Objects
DOC verifies that there is a voltage drop percentage no higher than 4% (or than the value entered by the user) on each load and signals the loads for which the threshold has been exceeded.
Solution: verify the sizes of cables on the supply side of the load involved.
The transformer highlighted is not dimensioned correctly: increase the size! DOC verifies that the transformers are able to supply the power required by the plant. The message generally appears when the transformers have been locked with a padlock, otherwise DOC would be able to select another power transformer suitable for the load required automatically.
Solution: Increase the size of the transformer, verify that the power of the loads and the demand coefficients have been entered correctly.
These objects are not protected against overload \ short-circuit \ indirect contacts DOC verifies that all the cables and switching devices are protected against faults (the warning can be disabled in the window which communicates the warning).
Solution: It is not always necessary to take measures (for example, in the case of missing protection against overload in the emergency configurations): the user can decide, under their own responsibility, to omit the protections when the Standards and/or the characteristics of the plant allow this.
If necessary, add a protection device on the supply side of the unprotected object.
Attention: some supplies consume power instead of supplying it
DOC verifies if the flow of power goes from the supply to the loads. In the case of several power supplies in parallel (generator and power supply) a generator may satisfy the power required by the plant and also supply energy to the power supply.
Solutions: if you do not want the generator to supply energy to the power supply, verify the size of the generator, the power of the loads and the demand coefficients.
If it is normal for the generator to supply power to the network in the plant, the message is confirmation of this behavior.
Attention: some supplies have lower rated power than the one required by the plant
DOC verifies that the generators and the UPS are able to supply the power required by the plant, comparing their rating plate data with the requirements of the loads (the supply is considered to be a generator with infinite power).
Solution: in this order, verify the rating plate data of generators and UPS, the demand coefficients and the power consumed by the loads.
In the highlighted cables the following dimensioning criteria are not verified: - The carrying capacity is insufficient
- The voltage drop exceeds the limit set
DOC verifies that the locked cables (Cf. Chapter 5.5) satisfy the carrying capacity and voltage drop criteria.
Solutions: verify the cable data (length, insulation, method of installation) and the load data; or trip unit the cable and let DOC re-calculate the section.
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5.3. Failed Selection of Single Objects
Sometimes DOC is not able to find a valid product, or shows the products locked by the user with the padlock as invalid.
The most frequent cause of failed selection or verification of a product are listed below and can guide the user to modify the selection criteria appropriately.
If the Single Object is locked with the padlock, unlock it and restart the calculation.
Verify that the appropriate protections against indirect contacts with the power sources by means of residual current devices are present, when the distribution system is TT. It may be impossible to ensure protection against indirect contacts with other protection functions.
In the case where the fault current is high (over 15kA) and the section of cable to be protected against short-circuit is less than 4 mm2, try to restart the calculation after having selected a cable with a larger section and having locked it with the padlock.
Verify that you are do not find yourself in one of the cases specified below, for which no suitable products exist:
o 1P, 1P+N and 2P products in circuits with current higher than 125A (the 1P, 1P+N and 2P devices are of modular type and have a maximum rated current of 125A. It is necessary to select 3P, 3P+N or 4P devices.
o Residual current protection with rated current higher than 2000A (the maximum size of an RCQ external toroid is 2000A).
o Fuses with rated current higher than 630A (the maximum rated current of the fuses managed by DOC is 630A).
o Fuses with breaking capacity higher than 100kA (the fuses have a breaking capacity of 100kA. If DOC has calculated higher short-circuit currents, verify the supply data, or select a circuit-breaker instead of a fuse).
o Circuit-breakers with breaking capacity higher than 200kA (The circuit-breakers have a breaking capacity maximum of 200kA. If DOC has calculated higher short-circuit currents, verify the supply data).
o Molded-case circuit-breakers with rated current higher than 160A to protect residual current circuit-breakers (it is not possible to carry out protection of residual current circuit-breakers with molded-case type circuit-breakers with rated current higher than 160A).
o Molded-case circuit-breakers with current lower than or equal to 160A to protect residual current circuit-breakers with short-circuit current higher than 6kA (molded-case circuit-breakers with rated current up to 160A can only protect residual current circuit-breakers up to 6kA).
o Miniature circuit-breakers in circuits with current higher than >125A or breaking capacity >25kA. In this case, remove the limit on the type of product and allow selection of a molded-case type of circuit-breaker.
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If a fuse, or a switch-fuse, protects a cable, verify that the relation between Iz and Ib is at least equal to 1.2 (Cf. Chapter 6.1.1: a cable with Iz of 30A can only be protected by a fuse up to 0.9 x 30A = 27A.
If a circuit-breaker protects a cable, verify that between Ib and Iz there is space to be able to select a size of product. For example,: if Ib is 26A and Iz is 30A it is not possible to select a miniature circuit-breaker to protect these since the closest sizes are 25A, lower than Ib, and 32A, higher than Iz.
Verify that there are not too many objects protected by the same protection device (the window to display \ modify the list of the protections is described in Annex B).
For the circuit-breaker, verify that there are not too many simultaneous discrimination, back-up and cable protection restrictions. In this case, slacken one or more of the restrictions.
Help for Failed Selection of Single Objects
In the case where it is not possible to achieve selection of a product using the suggestions given above, you can the send the project file and a description of the anomaly to assistance service which is at your disposal.
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5.4. Calculation and Dimensioning Results
Calculation results
DOC calculates the following, both in low and in medium voltage:
Maximum short-circuit currents at all points of the single-line diagram.
Minimum short-circuit currents at the end of the line.
Phase and of neutral currents (in unbalanced networks) at all points of the single-line diagram.
Power factor on each line and at each busbar.
Active and reactive power required at the supply. Dimensioning results
The program is able to select the following, both in low and in medium voltage:
The minimum sections of the cables which satisfy the following criteria: o thermal according to the Standard selected
o voltage drop on the single line less than 4% (modifiable by the user)
The most economical protection apparatus (circuit-breakers, fuses) on the list of technically correct ABB products.
The most economical switching apparatus (disconnectors, contactors) on the list of technically correct ABB products.
Further results
Other results coming from a calculation:
Balancing unbalanced networks. The program applies an algorithm to “move” the single-phase and two-phase loads from one phase to the other, so that the consumption of current on the supply side is as balanced as possible.
Dimensioning for the rated current of a transformer or generator. The Single Objects placed on the load side of a transformer or generator will be dimensioned according to the rated current of the secondary winding of the transformer or according to the rated power of the generator, instead of to the current required by the plant.
This option is useful for those who possess machines dimensioned taking future enlargements of the plants into consideration. Cables and switching and protection devices will not have to be changed, with obvious savings in execution times and costs.