Performance Evaluation of Mobile Wi-Fi-based M2M Data Traffic Multiplexing

Muhammad Tariq Afridi1_{, Safdar Nawaz Khan Marwat}1_{, Yasir}

Mehmood2_{, Jebran Khan}1_{, Carmelita Görg}2

1_{Department of Computer Systems Engineering, University of}

Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan

2_{Communication Networks, University of Bremen, Bremen,}

Germany

Performance Evaluation of

Mobile Wi-Fi-based M2M Data

Traffic Multiplexing

Outline



Introduction



Machine-to-Machine (M2M) traffic



Architecture and application areas



Mobile Wi-Fi device



Data aggregation and multiplexing



Simulation results and analysis



Conclusion and outlook

Introduction



Rising popularity of M2M devices



Driving factors

 Fall in cost of cellular services

 Global availability of broadband services  Reduced sizes of devices with sensors  Improved power and networking capability

Machine-to-Machine Traffic



M2M enable machines to communicate with each other



Automation of processes resulting in M2M traffic growth

1

1_{Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2013-2018. Technical Report Digital}

Architecture and Applications

 Architectural elements  Devices  Area networks  Gateway  Communication networks  Applications  Domains  Area domain  Network domain  Application domain  Standardization  3GPP1  ETSI2  IEEE3  oneM2M  Application areas  Logistics

 Smart metering and monitoring  Intelligent traffic systems  E-healthcare

1₃rd_{Generation Partnership Project} 2_{European Telecommunications Standards Institute} 3_{Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers}

Mobile Wi-Fi Device



Mobile Wi-Fi device utilized for connecting devices to LTE-A



Mobile Wi-Fi device capable of accessing LTE-A using SIM



Mobile Wi-Fi device offers hotspot functionality

 By utilizing LTE-A as backbone for internet access  By providing Wi-Fi access to devices in vicinity



Mobile Wi-Fi device consists of

 Wi-Fi protocol stack towards interface with mobile devices  LTE-A protocol stack towards backbone

Aggregation and Multiplexing



Challenges of M2M communication in future mobile networks

 Nature of M2M traffic a major concern

 M2M applications usually generate narrowband traffic

 M2M devices transmit small number of bits after minutes or hours  Smallest resource unit that can be allocated to a device is PRB1

o PRB consists of 12 sub-carriers, each of 15 KHz

o PRB can transmit hundreds of bytes of data in favorable channel conditions o Radio spectrum a scarce resource

o Allocation of entire PRB to single device can result in spectrum wastage

Aggregation and MUX (cont.)



Utilization of wireless inband layer 3 Relay Node (RN)

 For data traffic aggregation and multiplexing of narrowband

applications1

 Aggregated data transmitted to eNodeB

 Inband RN uses same frequency bands for access and backhaul link  Time division mechanism for bandwidth sharing required



Utilization of mobile Wi-Fi device

 Aggregation of data packets in mobile Wi-Fi device

 Algorithm designed to multiplex data packets at GPRS Tunneling

Protocol layer of LTE-A side of mobile Wi-Fi

 Packets aggregated according to Transport Block Size (TBS)

 Radio uplink resource request from eNodeB for group of packets

multiplexed for several devices

1_{S. N. K. Marwat, Y. Zaki, J. Chen, A. Timm-Giel, and C. Goerg, “A Novel Machine-to-Machine Traffic Multiplexing in LTE-A}

System using Wireless In-band Relaying”, 5th International Conference on Mobile Networks and Management, Cork, Ireland, 23-25 September 2013.

Aggregation and MUX (cont.)



Small IP (Internet Protocol) packets of several devices

multiplexed into single large packet at GTP layer



eNodeB would consider this as individual radio resource

request



Possible to allocate a single PRB to several M2M devices and

Simulation Results and Analysis



Simulation scenarios of different traffic loads using OPNET



Results of M2M data traffic performance without and with

mobile Wi-Fi device compared

 Without multiplexing M2M devices communicate directly with eNodeB  Location of the mobile Wi-Fi close to eNodeB

o Corresponds to an MCS of 22 as defined by 3GPP o TBS larger than TBS at far away location

 Multiplexing of M2M packets into large packets by utilizing

information about available TBS

 Maximum number of PRBs allocated to mobile Wi-Fi device is fixed

o Assumption that device is not mobile and has consistent channel conditions

Parameters Settings

System bandwidth 25 PRBs (5 MHz)

Maximum PRBs for a mobile Wi-Fi device 5 PRBs

Noise per PRB -120.447 dBm

Noise floor 9 dB

Message size 80 bytes (at GTP)

Results and Analysis (cont.)

Results and Analysis (cont.)

Results and Analysis (cont.)

Conclusion and Outlook



Scheme for exploiting functionality of mobile Wi-Fi to

facilitate M2M communication proposed

 Based on aggregation and multiplexing of narrowband data traffic  Performance of scheme evaluated in terms of

o Spectrum usage

o Packet end-to end delay

 Results showed improvement in performance

 Scheme can be practicable solution for capacity problems



Plan to implement innovative and QoS aware architecture

 To perform several performance evaluations

 Exhibit the utility of proposed scheme for easy integration of M2M

traffic within LTE-A network

o Integration to be achieved by ensuring that no degradation experienced by

regular LTE-A users

o Normal network operations are not hindered in any way

 QoS guarantee can be provided by adding timer