PAPAYA PAPAYA
1.
1.
1.
1.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Papaya (
Papaya (Carica papaya
Carica papaya)) is a tropical fruit having commercial importance because of its
is a tropical fruit having commercial importance because of its
high nutritive and medicinal value. Papaya cultivation had its origin in
high nutritive and medicinal value. Papaya cultivation had its origin in South Mexico and
South Mexico and
Costa Rica. T
Costa Rica. Total annual world production is estimated at 6
otal annual world production is estimated at 6 million tonnes of fruits. India
million tonnes of fruits. India
leads the world in papaya production with an annual output of about 3 million tonnes.
leads the world in papaya production with an annual output of about 3 million tonnes.
Other leading producers are Brazil, Mexico, Nigeria, Indonesia, China, Peru, Thailand
Other leading producers are Brazil, Mexico, Nigeria, Indonesia, China, Peru, Thailand
and Philippines.
and Philippines.
2.
2.
2.
2.
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this report is
The main objective of this report is to present a bankable one acre model for high quality
to present a bankable one acre model for high quality
commercial cultivation of the crop.
commercial cultivation of the crop.
3.
3.
3.
3.
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
1.1
1.1 3.1
3.1
Area & Production
Area & Production
The area under papaya cultivation in India increased by 63% from 45.2 thousand ha. in
The area under papaya cultivation in India increased by 63% from 45.2 thousand ha. in
1991-92 to 73.7 thousand ha. in 2001-02 and the production increased from 8 lakh tones
1991-92 to 73.7 thousand ha. in 2001-02 and the production increased from 8 lakh tones
to
to 26
26 la
lakh
kh to
tone
nes.
s. Pa
Papa
paya
ya is
is mo
most
stly
ly cu
cult
ltiv
ivat
ated
ed in
in th
the
e st
stat
ates
es of
of An
Andh
dhra
ra Pr
Prad
ades
esh,
h,
Kar
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papaya during 2001-02
papaya during 2001-02
S
Stta
atte
e
A
Arre
ea
a
(‘000 Ha.)
(‘000 Ha.)
Production
Production
(‘000 MT)
(‘000 MT)
Productivity
Productivity
(MT/Ha.)
(MT/Ha.)
A
An
nd
dh
hrra
a
P
Prra
ad
de
es
sh
h
11
1
1..7
7
1
11
17
73
3..6
6
1
10
00
0..0
0
W
We
es
st
t
B
Be
en
ng
ga
all
7..2
7
2
2
24
41
1..9
9
3
33
3..5
5
K
Ka
arrn
na
atta
ak
ka
a
3
3..6
6
2
23
38
8..1
1
6
65
5..5
5
O
Orriis
ss
sa
a
1
10
0..7
7
2
21
17
7..5
5
20
2
0..3
3
G
Gu
ujja
arra
att
4
4..4
4
17
1
75
5..1
1
3
39
9..4
4
M
Ma
ah
ha
arra
as
sh
httrra
a
5
5..8
8
1
17
74
4..4
4
3
30
0..0
0
A
As
ss
sa
am
m
7
7..5
5
1
11
11
1..8
8
1
14
4..8
8
K
Ke
erra
alla
a
1
13
3..2
2
5
59
9..7
7
4
4..5
5
M
Ma
ad
dh
hy
ya
a
P
Prra
ad
de
es
sh
h
0
0..8
8
3
39
9..2
2
4
49
9..0
0
O
Otth
he
errs
s
8
8..6
6
1
15
59
9..1
1
--T
TO
OT
TA
AL
L
7
73
3..7
7
2
25
59
90
0..4
4
3
35
5..1
1
Source : Database of National Horticulture Board, Ministry of Agriculture ,
Source : Database of National Horticulture Board, Ministry of Agriculture ,
Govt. of India.
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India exports Papaya mainly to Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E., Netherlands
India exports Papaya mainly to Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E., Netherlands
etc.
etc. The trend in e
The trend in export of pa
xport of papaya fro
paya from India durin
m India during the perio
g the period 1999-2
d 1999-2000 to 200
000 to 2001-02 is
1-02 is
given in
given in Graph 3
Graph 3..
T
Table-2 : Country-w
able-2 : Country-wise export of
ise export of
papaya from India during
papaya from India during
2001-02.
02.
C
Co
ou
un
nttrry
y
Q
Qu
ua
an
nttiitt
y
y
(Tonnes) (Tonnes)Value
Value
(Rs. in (Rs. in lakhs) lakhs)B
Baah
hrraaiin
n
1
12
25
5..1
17
7
1
19
9..2
23
3
K
Ku
uw
waaiitt
1
14
48
8..9
98
8
2
22
2..3
37
7
Netherland
Netherland
ss
9
90
0..0
00
0
1
10
0..4
42
2
Q
Qaattaarr
1
14
42
2..6
66
6
2
22
2..3
39
9
Saudi
Saudi
7
73
37
7..3
32
2
1
10
07
7..0
04
4
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The state-wise growing belts are given in the following :
The state-wise growing belts are given in the following :
S
Stta
atte
e
G
Grro
ow
wiin
ng
g b
be
elltts
s
An
Andh
dhra
ra Pr
Prad
ades
esh
h
Cu
Cudd
ddap
apah
ah, M
, Med
edak
ak, K
, Kur
urno
nool
ol, R
, Ran
anga
gare
redd
ddy
y
A
As
ss
sa
am
m
N
Na
ag
ga
ao
on
n,
, D
Da
arrrra
an
ng
g,
, K
Ka
arrb
bi
i A
An
ng
gllo
on
ng
g
G
Gu
ujja
arra
att
K
Kh
he
ed
da
a,
, A
Ah
hm
me
ed
da
ab
ba
ad
d,
, J
Ja
am
mn
na
ag
ga
ar
r
J
Jh
ha
arrk
kh
ha
an
nd
d
S
Siim
md
de
eg
ga
a, R
, Ra
an
nc
ch
hii, L
, Lo
oh
ha
arrd
da
ag
ga
a, H
, Ha
az
za
arriib
ba
ag
gh
h, C
, Ch
ha
attrra
a
K
Ka
arrn
na
atta
ak
ka
a
B
Be
elllla
arry
y,
, B
Biid
da
arr,
, B
Ba
an
ng
ga
allo
orre
e ((R
R&
& U
U)),
, M
Ma
an
nd
dy
ya
a,
, S
Sh
hiim
mo
og
ga
a,,
Chitradurga, Mysore, Belgaum, Hassan
Chitradurga, Mysore, Belgaum, Hassan
Ma
Mah
ha
ara
ras
sh
htr
tra
a
S
Sa
an
ng
gli
li, S
, Sa
ata
tara
ra, P
, Pu
un
ne,
e, Na
Nasi
sik
k, S
, Sh
hol
olap
apu
urr, N
, Nag
agp
pu
urr,
, A
Am
mra
rav
va
ati
ti
Ma
Madh
dhya
ya Pr
Prad
ades
esh
h
Dh
Dhar
ar, K
, Kha
hand
ndwa
wa, B
, Bila
ilasp
spur
ur, R
, Rat
atla
lam,
m, Gu
Guna
na
W
We
est
st B
Be
en
ng
gal
al
N
Nor
ortth
h &
& S
So
ou
uth
th 2
24
4-
- P
Pa
arg
rga
an
na
as,
s, H
Ho
oo
og
ghl
hly
y,
, Na
Nad
dia
ia,
, Mi
Mid
dn
na
ap
pu
ur
r
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
Varieties Cultivated
Varieties Cultivated
Important papaya varieties cultivated in different states of India are given below :
Important papaya varieties cultivated in different states of India are given below :
State
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to protect the seedlings. Abou
to protect the seedlings. About 15-20 cm.
t 15-20 cm. tall seedlings are chosen for planting in about
tall seedlings are chosen for planting in about
two months.
two months.
5.5.2
5.5.2
5.5.2
5.5.2
Planting season
Planting season
Papaya is planted during spring (February-March), monsoon (June-July) and autumn
Papaya is planted during spring (February-March), monsoon (June-July) and autumn
(October-November).
(October-November).
5.5.3
5.5.3
5.5.3
5.5.3
Spacing
Spacing
A
A spacing of 1.8
spacing of 1.8 x 1.8
x 1.8 m. is normally followed.
m. is normally followed. However higher density cultivation with
However higher density cultivation with
spacing of 1.5 x 1.5 m./ha enhances the returns to the farmer and is recommended.
spacing of 1.5 x 1.5 m./ha enhances the returns to the farmer and is recommended.
High Density Planting :
High Density Planting : A closer spacing of 1.2 x 1.2 m. for cv. Pusha Nanha is
A closer spacing of 1.2 x 1.2 m. for cv. Pusha Nanha is
adopted for high density planting, accommodating 6,400 plants/ha.
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The irrigation schedule is fixed on the basis of soil type and weather conditions of the
The irrigation schedule is fixed on the basis of soil type and weather conditions of the
region. Protective irrigation is provided in the first year of planting. During the second
region. Protective irrigation is provided in the first year of planting. During the second
year, irrigation is provided at fortnightly interval in winter and at an interval of 10 days in
year, irrigation is provided at fortnightly interval in winter and at an interval of 10 days in
summ
summer
er.
. Bas
Basin
in syst
system
em of
of irriga
irrigation is
tion is most
mostly
ly foll
followed
owed.
. In
In area
areas
s havi
having low
ng low rain
rainfall,
fall,
sprinkler or drip system can be adopted.
sprinkler or drip system can be adopted.
5.8
5.8 5.8
5.8
Intercultural Operations
Intercultural Operations
Deep hoeing is recommended during the first year to check weed growth. Weeding
Deep hoeing is recommended during the first year to check weed growth. Weeding
should be done on
should be done on regular basis especially around the plants. Applicatio
regular basis especially around the plants. Application of
n of Fluchloralin
Fluchloralin
or Alachlorin or Butachlorine (2.0 g./ha.) as pre-emergence herbicide two months after
or Alachlorin or Butachlorine (2.0 g./ha.) as pre-emergence herbicide two months after
transplanting can effectively control the weeds for a period of four months. Earthing up is
transplanting can effectively control the weeds for a period of four months. Earthing up is
done before or after the onset of monsoon to avoid water-logging and also to help the
done before or after the onset of monsoon to avoid water-logging and also to help the
plants to stand erect.
plants to stand erect.
5.9
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Th
The
e ma
main
in di
dise
seas
ases
es re
repo
port
rted
ed ar
are
e po
powd
wder
ery
y mi
mild
ldew
ew (( Oidiu
Oidium
m caric
caricae
ae),
), anth
anthracn
racnose
ose
((Colletotric
Colletotrichum
hum gloeospo
gloeosporioides
rioides),
), da
dampi
mping
ng of
off
f and
and st
stem
em rot
rot.
. Ap
Appli
plicat
cation
ion of
of we
wetta
ttable
ble
sulphur (1 g./l.) carbendazim/thiophanate methyl (1 g./l.) and Kavach/Mancozeb (2 g./l.)
sulphur (1 g./l.) carbendazim/thiophanate methyl (1 g./l.) and Kavach/Mancozeb (2 g./l.)
has been found to be effective in controlling the diseases.
has been found to be effective in controlling the diseases.
5.12
5.125.12
5.12
Harvesting
Harvesting and
and Yield
Yield
Fruits are harvested when they are of full size, light green in colour with tinge of yellow at
Fruits are harvested when they are of full size, light green in colour with tinge of yellow at
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The farmers usually dispose off their produce to the wholesalers and middlemen at the
The farmers usually dispose off their produce to the wholesalers and middlemen at the
farm gate.
farm gate.
7.
7. 7.
7.
TECHNOLOGY SOURCES
TECHNOLOGY SOURCES
Major sources for technology are:
Major sources for technology are:
(i)
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8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1
High quality commercial cultivation of crop by using improved variety
High quality commercial cultivation of crop by using improved variety
seedlings as planting material and drip irrigation leads to multiple benefits viz.
seedlings as planting material and drip irrigation leads to multiple benefits viz.
•
• ••
Synchronized
Synchronized growth,
growth, flowering and
flowering and harvesting;
harvesting;
•• ••
Improved fruit quality;
Improved fruit quality;
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G
Grra
an
nd
d
T
To
otta
all
1
1,,2
25
5,,0
00
00
0
*Cost of newly purchased land will be limited to one-tenth of the total project cost *Cost of newly purchased land will be limited to one-tenth of the total project cost8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
The major components of the model are:
The major components of the model are:
•
• ••
Land
Land Developme
Development:
nt: (Rs.4.0
(Rs.4.0 thousan
thousand):
d): This is
This is the lab
the labour
our cost o
cost of
f
shaping and dressing the land site.
shaping and dressing the land site.
Fencing (Rs.20.0 thousand):
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8.6
8.6
8.6
8.6
Bes
Besides
ides,
, prov
provisio
ision
n is
is inclu
included for
ded for powe
power
r char
charges, protec
ges, protection of
tion of the
the
plantation (cost of material for wind protection and polythene bunch covers),
plantation (cost of material for wind protection and polythene bunch covers),
labour for harvesting and packing/transportation charges for the produce to the
labour for harvesting and packing/transportation charges for the produce to the
nearest seco
nearest secondary market.
ndary market. The recurring produ
The recurring production cost for a one acre orchard
ction cost for a one acre orchard
works out as below:
works out as below:
(Rs.Thousand)
(Rs.Thousand)
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