OFFSHORE
PIPELINE SYSTEMS
PIPELINE SYSTEMS
By
Raj Kumar
Sr. Manager
ENGINEERS
ENGINEERS
INDIA LIMITED
INDIA LIMITED
INDIA LIMITED
INDIA LIMITED
EPC and Total Solutions
EPC and Total Solutions
Consultancy Organization
Consultancy Organization
f
Petroleum Refineries
Petrochemicals
Pipelines
Pipelines
Offshore Platforms
Gas Processing
Gas Processing
Metallurgy
Modes of Hydrocarbon Transportation India
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Modes of Hydrocarbon Transportation - India
35%
Pipelines
32%
R
d T
k
32%
20%
25%
30%
Pipelines
Road Tankers
32%
Rail Tankers
26%
10%
15%
20%
Road Tankers
Rail Tankers
Water Carriers
Water Carriers
10%
0%
5%
% Share
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Various Stages
Introduction
Introduction
Various Stages
Introduction
Introduction
Components
Components
Stages of Offshore
Stages of Offshore
Stages of Offshore
Stages of Offshore
Pipeline Project
Pipeline Project
Construction Testing
Construction Testing &
&
Construction, Testing
Construction, Testing &
&
Commissioning
Commissioning
Introduction
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Introduction
Safer
Safer
Why pipelines?
Safer
Safer
Environment friendly
Environment friendly
Least energy requirement
Least energy requirement
gy
gy
q
q
Lowest maintenance costs
Lowest maintenance costs
Minimal impact on land use pattern
Minimal impact on land use pattern
Introduction
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
What can be Transported ?
What can be Transported ?
Introduction
p
p
Liquids
Liquids
Gases
Gases
Crude
Crude Oil
Oil
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
Petroleum
Petroleum Products
Products
Any other Gas
Any other Gas
Petrochemical
Petrochemical Products
Products
Petrochemical
Petrochemical Products
Products
Chemicals
Chemicals
Solids(in slurry form
Solids(in slurry form))
Water
Water
Coal
Coal
Water
Water
Coal
Coal
LPG
Introduction
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Submarine pipelines
Submarine pipelines
Onshore pipelines
Onshore pipelines
Introduction
Submarine pipelines
Submarine pipelines
Trunk lines
Trunk lines
Onshore pipelines
Onshore pipelines
Cross Country Trunk
Cross Country Trunk
pipelines
pipelines
Infield pipelines
Infield pipelines
Intra
Intra--field pipelines
field pipelines
pipelines
pipelines
Spur Lines
Spur Lines
Intra
Intra--field pipelines
field pipelines
Offshore terminals (SPM and
Offshore terminals (SPM and
jetties)
jetties)
Gathering & Distribution
Gathering & Distribution
lines
lines
jetties)
jetties)
Introduction
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Major Offshore Fields of India
Introduction
Bombay High North & South
Bombay High North & South
Major Offshore Fields of India
••
Bombay High North & South
Bombay High North & South
••
South
South Bassien
Bassien, Tapti
, Tapti
••
Neelam
Neelam,, Heera
Neelam
Neelam,
, Heera
Heera,, Panna
Heera,
, Panna
Panna,, Mukta
Panna,
, Mukta
Mukta
Mukta
••
Ravva
Ravva
••
Cauvery Basin
Cauvery Basin
••
KG Basin
KG Basin
OFFSHORE FIELDS OF INDIA (West Coast)
HAZIRA
BOMBAY HIGH FIELD
PANNA FIELD
BASSEIN FIELD
BASSEIN FIELD
OFFSHORE FIELDS OF INDIA (East Coast)
DA FIELD
DA FIELD
KG BASIN
DA FIELD
DA FIELD
Sequence of Flow
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Process cum
Sequence of Flow
T
k
Well Head
Platform
Process cum
Living
Quarters
Tanker
Offloading
Sub Sea
Pipeline
Onshore Gas
Terminal
Pipeline
Terminal
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Offshore Pipeline Components
Offshore Pipeline Components
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Platform
Riser
Jacket
Pipeline
Riser
b
d
p
bend
Typical Field Layout
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
NLM11
Typical Field Layout
NLM10 NLM8 NLM6 NLM9 N NLM6 NLM7 NLM5 NLM4 NLW SBM NLF NLP NLM3 NLM1 WN1 WN2 NLM2 NLF W I LINES W F LINES GAS /OIL LINES
LEGEND
HOL
GAS /OIL LINES CRUDE OIL LINES PLATFORM
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Pipelines for Loading/Unloading Systems
Loading/Unloading
Loading/Unloading Jetties
Jetties
Pipelines for Loading/Unloading Systems
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Conventional Oil Jetty
Conventional Oil Jetty
SPM – Crude Offloading
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Schematic – Crude Offloading
Schematic – Crude Offloading
Hoses
1.
1. First/ Second OffFirst/ Second Off--buoy hosebuoy hose 2.
2. Mainline hoseMainline hose 1.1. End connectionEnd connection 2
2 M i liM i li hh 3.
3. Taper hoseTaper hose 4.
4. Tail hoseTail hose 5.
5. Rail hoseRail hose
2.
Process Platform Complex
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Process Platform Complex
Crude Oil
Crude Oil
Well Fluids
Well Fluids
N t
l G
N t
l G
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
I j
ti
W t
I j
ti
W t
Injection Water
Injection Water
Major Components
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Platform Structure
Platform Structure
Major Components
Platform Structure
Platform Structure
z
z
Lower Deck
Lower Deck
z
z
Cellar Deck
Cellar Deck
z
z
Top Deck
Top Deck
z
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Codes &Standards
DnV OS-F101
Det Norske Veritas,
Rules for Submarine Pipeline Systems
Codes &Standards
p
y
ASME B 31.8
Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping
Systems
ASME B 31.4
Liquid Transportation Systems for
Hydrocarbons, LPG and Anhydrous
Ammonia and Alcohols
Ammonia and Alcohols
API 1104
Standard for Welding Pipelines and
Related Facilities
API 1110
Pressure Testing of Liquid Petroleum
Pipelines
p
NACE MR 0175
Material Requirements – Sulphide Stress
Cracking Resistant Materials for Oil Field
Equipment
IP 6
I
tit t
f P t
l
IP 6
Institute of Petroleum –
Pipeline Safety Code
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Stages of a Project
Stages of a Project
Conceptual Study
Conceptual Study
Feasibility Study
Feasibility Study
y
y
y
y
Basic Engineering
Basic Engineering
Detailed Engineering
Detailed Engineering
Construction
Construction
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Conceptual Study
Conceptual Study
Establish System Requirement
Establish System Requirement
Evaluate Constraints on System Design
Evaluate Constraints on System Design
Identify Interface With Other Systems
Identify Interface With Other Systems
Develop Design Data Requirements
Develop Design Data Requirements
Assess Construction Methodology
Assess Construction Methodology
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Feasibility Study
Feasibility Study
Evaluate Technical Options
Evaluate Technical Options
Eliminate Unviable
Eliminate Unviable Options
Options
Eliminate Unviable
Eliminate Unviable Options
Options
Firming up of Process Facilities
Firming up of Process Facilities
Develop Broad System Specifications
Develop Broad System Specifications
Develop Broad System Specifications
Develop Broad System Specifications
Establish Project Cost
Establish Project Cost
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Basic Engineering
Finalise
Finalise Process Scheme & Equipments
Process Scheme & Equipments
Basic Engineering
Environmental
Environmental & Process Data Review
& Process Data Review
Pipeline
Pipeline Routing & Size Optimization
Routing & Size Optimization
Establish Requirements for
Establish Requirements for
z
z
Surveys and Investigations
Surveys and Investigations
z
z
Material of Construction
Material of Construction
z
z
Preliminary Analysis
Preliminary Analysis
z
z
Construction Testing and Commissioning
Construction Testing and Commissioning
z
z
Construction, Testing and Commissioning
Construction, Testing and Commissioning
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Safety Aspects
E
i
t l P
t
d S il D t
E
i
t l P
t
d S il D t
Safety Aspects
Environmental Parameter and Soil Data
Environmental Parameter and Soil Data
Pipeline Stability
Pipeline Stability
Shore Approaches
Shore Approaches
Trenching and Burial
Trenching and Burial
Trenching and Burial
Trenching and Burial
Safety of Existing Facilities
Safety of Existing Facilities
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Detailed Design & Engineering
Engineering Design Basis
Engineering Design Basis
Detailed Design & Engineering
Engineering Design Basis
Engineering Design Basis
Route Engineering & Surveys
Route Engineering & Surveys
Engineering analysis and Calculations
Engineering analysis and Calculations
Specification and Job Standards
Specification and Job Standards
Engineering for Procurement
Engineering for Procurement
Drawings for Construction
Drawings for Construction
Drawings for Construction
Drawings for Construction
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Design Basis
Basic Data
Basic Data
Design Basis
Basic Data
Basic Data
Design Codes and Standards
Design Codes and Standards
Design Philosophy
Design Philosophy
Design Philosophy
Design Philosophy
Operation and maintenance philosophy
Operation and maintenance philosophy
Environmental Criteria
Environmental Criteria
z
z
Installation
Installation
z
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Route Selection
Routing Considerations
Routing Considerations
Route Selection
z
z
Pipeline length
Pipeline length
z
z
Sensitive areas
Sensitive areas
Ob t
ti
Ob t
ti
z
z
Obstructions
Obstructions
z
z
Installation Limitations
Installation Limitations
z
z
Crossings
Crossings
z
z
Crossings
Crossings
z
z
Drilling Rig Movement / Access
Drilling Rig Movement / Access
Surveys
Surveys
Surveys
Surveys
z
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Pipeline Wall Thickness Selection
Analysis / Calculations
Analysis / Calculations
Pipeline Wall Thickness Selection
Analysis / Calculations
Analysis / Calculations
z
z
Hoop Stress
Hoop Stress
z
z
Buckle
Buckle Initialtion
Initialtion
B
kl P
ti
B
kl P
ti
z
z
Buckle Propagation
Buckle Propagation
z
z
Collapse Bucking
Collapse Bucking
z
z
Local Buckling
Local Buckling
Pipeline Stress Checks
Pipeline Stress Checks
z
z
Hoop Stress
Hoop Stress
z
z
Equivalent Stress
Equivalent Stress
z
Wall Thickness Calculation
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
F r Off h r Pip lin
Wall Thickness Calculation
For Offshore Pipelines
t =
PD
+ corrosion allowance
co os o
ow
ce
2.SMYS.a
where
P is the internal design pressure in psig
P is the internal design pressure in psig.
S is the specified minimum yield strength
D is the pipe outside diameter in inches.
t
is the nominal wall thickness in inches.
Allowable Stress Limits
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Design Condition
Stress
Classification
Allowable Stress (% SMYS)
Zone 1 (Pipeline)
Zone 2 (Riser)
Allowable Stress Limits
( p
)
(
)
Installation : 1 year
Environmental
Loading
Equivalent Stress
85
85
Loading
Functional
Hoop Stress
Equivalent Stress
72
72
50
50
Functional + 100
year Environmental
Loading
Hoop Stress
Equivalent Stress
72
85
50
67
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Types of Linepipes
Seamless up to 16
Seamless up to 16””
Types of Linepipes
LSAW 18” and above
LSAW 18” and above
Seamless up to 16
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Engineering Analysis
Pipeline Stability (Lateral & Vertical)
Pipeline Stability (Lateral & Vertical)
Engineering Analysis
Pipeline Stability (Lateral & Vertical)
Pipeline Stability (Lateral & Vertical)
Pipeline Expansion
Pipeline Expansion
Pipeline Spans
Pipeline Spans
Pipeline Spans
Pipeline Spans
Riser
Riser
Analysis Tools
Analysis Tools
y
y
z
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Anti Corrosion Coatings
Coating Types
Coating Types
Anti-Corrosion Coatings
Coating Types
Coating Types
z
z
Coal Tar Enamel
Coal Tar Enamel
z
z
Fusion Bonded Epoxy
Fusion Bonded Epoxy
z
z
Fusion Bonded Epoxy
Fusion Bonded Epoxy
Selection Criteria
Selection Criteria
z
z
Service Conditions
Service Conditions
z
z
Performance Record
Performance Record
z
z
Ease of Repair
Ease of Repair
z
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Pipeline Crossing
Pipeline Crossing
Type
Type
z
z
Exposed Pipelines (Single / Multiple)
Exposed Pipelines (Single / Multiple)
z
z
Exposed Pipelines (Single / Multiple)
Exposed Pipelines (Single / Multiple)
z
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Pipeline Crossing
Analysis
Analysis
z
z
Permissible Spans (Static & Dynamic)
Permissible Spans (Static & Dynamic)
Pipeline Crossing
z
z
Permissible Spans (Static & Dynamic)
Permissible Spans (Static & Dynamic)
z
z
Stress Analysis
Stress Analysis
z
z
Stability of Supports
Stability of Supports
Analysis Tools
Analysis Tools
Analysis Tools
Analysis Tools
z
Pipeline Engineering Design Tools
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
PIPECALC
Sub sea Pipeline Calculations –
Pipeline Engineering Design Tools
J P Kenny
PRISE
Riser Analysis – J P Kenny
REGIS
Ali
t Sh t G
ti
& D
i
REGIS
Alignment Sheet Generation & Drawing
Management – J P Kenny
OFFPIPE
Pipeline/Riser Installation Analysis –
b
l h
Robert J. Malahy Jr.
SPAN
Riser Span Evaluation - EIL
PIPECROSS
Pipeline Crossing Analysis EIL
Major Deliverables
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Design Reports
Drawings
Procurement/ Tenders
Major Deliverables
Design Basis
Field Layout
Material
Specifications
Route Selection
Alignment Sheets
Material Requisitions
Wall Thickness
Platform Approaches
Technical Evaluation
Wall Thickness
Platform Approaches
Technical Evaluation
Stability
Crossing Details
Vendor Data Review
Pipeline/Riser Spans
Riser Location
Survey Tenders
Crossings
Riser make-up
Installation Bid
Package
Risers/Flexibility Clamp
Details
Contractor’s
Installation Procedure
R
i
Review
In-situ stress analysis PLEM/ Lateral/ Spool
OFFSHORE PIPELINE
OFFSHORE PIPELINE
OFFSHORE PIPELINE
OFFSHORE PIPELINE
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
LAYOUT
LAYOUT
LAYOUT
LAYOUT
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Components of Offshore Pipeline
Components of Offshore Pipeline
Risers
Risers
Laterals
Laterals
Laterals
Laterals
Main Pipeline
Main Pipeline
Pipeline End Manifolds (PLEMs)
Pipeline End Manifolds (PLEMs)
Shore Approaches & Terminal Facilities
Shore Approaches & Terminal Facilities
Shore Approaches & Terminal Facilities
Shore Approaches & Terminal Facilities
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Schematic of Offshore Pipeline System
Schematic of Offshore Pipeline System
SBHL-3 BPB
PLATFORM