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(1)

OFFSHORE

PIPELINE SYSTEMS

PIPELINE SYSTEMS

By

Raj Kumar

Sr. Manager

(2)

ENGINEERS

ENGINEERS

INDIA LIMITED

INDIA LIMITED

INDIA LIMITED

INDIA LIMITED

EPC and Total Solutions

EPC and Total Solutions

Consultancy Organization

Consultancy Organization

f

Petroleum Refineries

Petrochemicals

Pipelines

Pipelines

Offshore Platforms

Gas Processing

Gas Processing

Metallurgy

(3)

Modes of Hydrocarbon Transportation India

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Modes of Hydrocarbon Transportation - India

35%

Pipelines

32%

R

d T

k

32%

20%

25%

30%

Pipelines

Road Tankers

32%

Rail Tankers

26%

10%

15%

20%

Road Tankers

Rail Tankers

Water Carriers

Water Carriers

10%

0%

5%

% Share

(4)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Various Stages

‰

‰

Introduction

Introduction

Various Stages

‰

‰

Introduction

Introduction

‰

‰

Components

Components

‰

‰

Stages of Offshore

Stages of Offshore

‰

‰

Stages of Offshore

Stages of Offshore

Pipeline Project

Pipeline Project

‰

‰

Construction Testing

Construction Testing &

&

‰

‰

Construction, Testing

Construction, Testing &

&

Commissioning

Commissioning

‰

(5)

Introduction

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Introduction

„

„

Safer

Safer

Why pipelines?

Safer

Safer

„

„

Environment friendly

Environment friendly

„

„

Least energy requirement

Least energy requirement

gy

gy

q

q

„

„

Lowest maintenance costs

Lowest maintenance costs

„

„

Minimal impact on land use pattern

Minimal impact on land use pattern

„

(6)

Introduction

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

What can be Transported ?

What can be Transported ?

Introduction

p

p

Liquids

Liquids

Gases

Gases

Crude

Crude Oil

Oil

Natural Gas

Natural Gas

Petroleum

Petroleum Products

Products

Any other Gas

Any other Gas

Petrochemical

Petrochemical Products

Products

Petrochemical

Petrochemical Products

Products

Chemicals

Chemicals

Solids(in slurry form

Solids(in slurry form))

Water

Water

Coal

Coal

Water

Water

Coal

Coal

LPG

(7)

Introduction

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Submarine pipelines

Submarine pipelines

Onshore pipelines

Onshore pipelines

Introduction

Submarine pipelines

Submarine pipelines

Trunk lines

Trunk lines

Onshore pipelines

Onshore pipelines

Cross Country Trunk

Cross Country Trunk

pipelines

pipelines

Infield pipelines

Infield pipelines

Intra

Intra--field pipelines

field pipelines

pipelines

pipelines

Spur Lines

Spur Lines

Intra

Intra--field pipelines

field pipelines

Offshore terminals (SPM and

Offshore terminals (SPM and

jetties)

jetties)

Gathering & Distribution

Gathering & Distribution

lines

lines

jetties)

jetties)

(8)

Introduction

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Major Offshore Fields of India

Introduction

Bombay High North & South

Bombay High North & South

Major Offshore Fields of India

••

Bombay High North & South

Bombay High North & South

••

South

South Bassien

Bassien, Tapti

, Tapti

••

Neelam

Neelam,, Heera

Neelam

Neelam,

, Heera

Heera,, Panna

Heera,

, Panna

Panna,, Mukta

Panna,

, Mukta

Mukta

Mukta

••

Ravva

Ravva

••

Cauvery Basin

Cauvery Basin

••

KG Basin

KG Basin

(9)

OFFSHORE FIELDS OF INDIA (West Coast)

HAZIRA

BOMBAY HIGH FIELD

PANNA FIELD

BASSEIN FIELD

BASSEIN FIELD

(10)

OFFSHORE FIELDS OF INDIA (East Coast)

DA FIELD

DA FIELD

KG BASIN

DA FIELD

DA FIELD

(11)

Sequence of Flow

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Process cum

Sequence of Flow

T

k

Well Head

Platform

Process cum

Living

Quarters

Tanker

Offloading

Sub Sea

Pipeline

Onshore Gas

Terminal

Pipeline

Terminal

(12)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Offshore Pipeline Components

Offshore Pipeline Components

(13)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Platform

Riser

Jacket

Pipeline

Riser

b

d

p

bend

(14)

Typical Field Layout

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

NLM11

Typical Field Layout

NLM10 NLM8 NLM6 NLM9 N NLM6 NLM7 NLM5 NLM4 NLW SBM NLF NLP NLM3 NLM1 WN1 WN2 NLM2 NLF W I LINES W F LINES GAS /OIL LINES

LEGEND

HOL

GAS /OIL LINES CRUDE OIL LINES PLATFORM

(15)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Pipelines for Loading/Unloading Systems

™

™

Loading/Unloading

Loading/Unloading Jetties

Jetties

Pipelines for Loading/Unloading Systems

™

(16)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Conventional Oil Jetty

Conventional Oil Jetty

(17)

SPM – Crude Offloading

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

(18)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Schematic – Crude Offloading

Schematic – Crude Offloading

(19)
(20)

Hoses

1.

1. First/ Second OffFirst/ Second Off--buoy hosebuoy hose 2.

2. Mainline hoseMainline hose 1.1. End connectionEnd connection 2

2 M i liM i li hh 3.

3. Taper hoseTaper hose 4.

4. Tail hoseTail hose 5.

5. Rail hoseRail hose

2.

(21)

Process Platform Complex

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Process Platform Complex

Crude Oil

Crude Oil

Well Fluids

Well Fluids

N t

l G

N t

l G

Natural Gas

Natural Gas

I j

ti

W t

I j

ti

W t

Injection Water

Injection Water

(22)

Major Components

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

‰

‰

Platform Structure

Platform Structure

Major Components

‰

‰

Platform Structure

Platform Structure

z

z

Lower Deck

Lower Deck

z

z

Cellar Deck

Cellar Deck

z

z

Top Deck

Top Deck

z

(23)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

(24)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Codes &Standards

DnV OS-F101

Det Norske Veritas,

Rules for Submarine Pipeline Systems

Codes &Standards

p

y

ASME B 31.8

Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping

Systems

ASME B 31.4

Liquid Transportation Systems for

Hydrocarbons, LPG and Anhydrous

Ammonia and Alcohols

Ammonia and Alcohols

API 1104

Standard for Welding Pipelines and

Related Facilities

API 1110

Pressure Testing of Liquid Petroleum

Pipelines

p

NACE MR 0175

Material Requirements – Sulphide Stress

Cracking Resistant Materials for Oil Field

Equipment

IP 6

I

tit t

f P t

l

IP 6

Institute of Petroleum –

Pipeline Safety Code

(25)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Stages of a Project

Stages of a Project

Conceptual Study

Conceptual Study

Feasibility Study

Feasibility Study

y

y

y

y

Basic Engineering

Basic Engineering

Detailed Engineering

Detailed Engineering

Construction

Construction

(26)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Conceptual Study

Conceptual Study

ˆ

ˆ

Establish System Requirement

Establish System Requirement

ˆ

ˆ

Evaluate Constraints on System Design

Evaluate Constraints on System Design

ˆ

ˆ

Identify Interface With Other Systems

Identify Interface With Other Systems

ˆ

ˆ

Develop Design Data Requirements

Develop Design Data Requirements

ˆ

ˆ

Assess Construction Methodology

Assess Construction Methodology

ˆ

(27)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Feasibility Study

Feasibility Study

ˆ

ˆ

Evaluate Technical Options

Evaluate Technical Options

ˆ

ˆ

Eliminate Unviable

Eliminate Unviable Options

Options

ˆ

ˆ

Eliminate Unviable

Eliminate Unviable Options

Options

ˆ

ˆ

Firming up of Process Facilities

Firming up of Process Facilities

ˆ

ˆ

Develop Broad System Specifications

Develop Broad System Specifications

ˆ

ˆ

Develop Broad System Specifications

Develop Broad System Specifications

ˆ

ˆ

Establish Project Cost

Establish Project Cost

ˆ

(28)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Basic Engineering

ˆ

ˆ

Finalise

Finalise Process Scheme & Equipments

Process Scheme & Equipments

Basic Engineering

ˆ

ˆ

Environmental

Environmental & Process Data Review

& Process Data Review

ˆ

ˆ

Pipeline

Pipeline Routing & Size Optimization

Routing & Size Optimization

ˆ

ˆ

Establish Requirements for

Establish Requirements for

z

z

Surveys and Investigations

Surveys and Investigations

z

z

Material of Construction

Material of Construction

z

z

Preliminary Analysis

Preliminary Analysis

z

z

Construction Testing and Commissioning

Construction Testing and Commissioning

z

z

Construction, Testing and Commissioning

Construction, Testing and Commissioning

ˆ

(29)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Safety Aspects

E

i

t l P

t

d S il D t

E

i

t l P

t

d S il D t

Safety Aspects

Environmental Parameter and Soil Data

Environmental Parameter and Soil Data

Pipeline Stability

Pipeline Stability

Shore Approaches

Shore Approaches

Trenching and Burial

Trenching and Burial

Trenching and Burial

Trenching and Burial

Safety of Existing Facilities

Safety of Existing Facilities

(30)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Detailed Design & Engineering

‰

‰

Engineering Design Basis

Engineering Design Basis

Detailed Design & Engineering

‰

‰

Engineering Design Basis

Engineering Design Basis

‰

‰

Route Engineering & Surveys

Route Engineering & Surveys

‰

‰

Engineering analysis and Calculations

Engineering analysis and Calculations

‰

‰

Specification and Job Standards

Specification and Job Standards

‰

‰

Engineering for Procurement

Engineering for Procurement

‰

‰

Drawings for Construction

Drawings for Construction

‰

‰

Drawings for Construction

Drawings for Construction

‰

(31)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Design Basis

‰

‰

Basic Data

Basic Data

Design Basis

‰

‰

Basic Data

Basic Data

‰

‰

Design Codes and Standards

Design Codes and Standards

‰

‰

Design Philosophy

Design Philosophy

‰

‰

Design Philosophy

Design Philosophy

‰

‰

Operation and maintenance philosophy

Operation and maintenance philosophy

‰

‰

Environmental Criteria

Environmental Criteria

z

z

Installation

Installation

z

(32)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Route Selection

‰

‰

Routing Considerations

Routing Considerations

Route Selection

z

z

Pipeline length

Pipeline length

z

z

Sensitive areas

Sensitive areas

Ob t

ti

Ob t

ti

z

z

Obstructions

Obstructions

z

z

Installation Limitations

Installation Limitations

z

z

Crossings

Crossings

z

z

Crossings

Crossings

z

z

Drilling Rig Movement / Access

Drilling Rig Movement / Access

‰

‰

Surveys

Surveys

‰

‰

Surveys

Surveys

z

(33)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Pipeline Wall Thickness Selection

‰

‰

Analysis / Calculations

Analysis / Calculations

Pipeline Wall Thickness Selection

‰

‰

Analysis / Calculations

Analysis / Calculations

z

z

Hoop Stress

Hoop Stress

z

z

Buckle

Buckle Initialtion

Initialtion

B

kl P

ti

B

kl P

ti

z

z

Buckle Propagation

Buckle Propagation

z

z

Collapse Bucking

Collapse Bucking

z

z

Local Buckling

Local Buckling

‰

‰

Pipeline Stress Checks

Pipeline Stress Checks

z

z

Hoop Stress

Hoop Stress

z

z

Equivalent Stress

Equivalent Stress

z

(34)

Wall Thickness Calculation

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

F r Off h r Pip lin

Wall Thickness Calculation

For Offshore Pipelines

t =

PD

+ corrosion allowance

co os o

ow

ce

2.SMYS.a

where

P is the internal design pressure in psig

P is the internal design pressure in psig.

S is the specified minimum yield strength

D is the pipe outside diameter in inches.

t

is the nominal wall thickness in inches.

(35)

Allowable Stress Limits

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Design Condition

Stress

Classification

Allowable Stress (% SMYS)

Zone 1 (Pipeline)

Zone 2 (Riser)

Allowable Stress Limits

( p

)

(

)

Installation : 1 year

Environmental

Loading

Equivalent Stress

85

85

Loading

Functional

Hoop Stress

Equivalent Stress

72

72

50

50

Functional + 100

year Environmental

Loading

Hoop Stress

Equivalent Stress

72

85

50

67

(36)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Types of Linepipes

„

„

Seamless up to 16

Seamless up to 16””

Types of Linepipes

„

„

LSAW 18” and above

LSAW 18” and above

Seamless up to 16

(37)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Engineering Analysis

‰

‰

Pipeline Stability (Lateral & Vertical)

Pipeline Stability (Lateral & Vertical)

Engineering Analysis

‰

‰

Pipeline Stability (Lateral & Vertical)

Pipeline Stability (Lateral & Vertical)

‰

‰

Pipeline Expansion

Pipeline Expansion

‰

‰

Pipeline Spans

Pipeline Spans

‰

‰

Pipeline Spans

Pipeline Spans

‰

‰

Riser

Riser

†

†

Analysis Tools

Analysis Tools

y

y

z

(38)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Anti Corrosion Coatings

‰

‰

Coating Types

Coating Types

Anti-Corrosion Coatings

‰

‰

Coating Types

Coating Types

z

z

Coal Tar Enamel

Coal Tar Enamel

z

z

Fusion Bonded Epoxy

Fusion Bonded Epoxy

z

z

Fusion Bonded Epoxy

Fusion Bonded Epoxy

‰

‰

Selection Criteria

Selection Criteria

z

z

Service Conditions

Service Conditions

z

z

Performance Record

Performance Record

z

z

Ease of Repair

Ease of Repair

z

(39)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Pipeline Crossing

Pipeline Crossing

‰

‰

Type

Type

z

z

Exposed Pipelines (Single / Multiple)

Exposed Pipelines (Single / Multiple)

z

z

Exposed Pipelines (Single / Multiple)

Exposed Pipelines (Single / Multiple)

z

(40)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Pipeline Crossing

‰

‰

Analysis

Analysis

z

z

Permissible Spans (Static & Dynamic)

Permissible Spans (Static & Dynamic)

Pipeline Crossing

z

z

Permissible Spans (Static & Dynamic)

Permissible Spans (Static & Dynamic)

z

z

Stress Analysis

Stress Analysis

z

z

Stability of Supports

Stability of Supports

‰

‰

Analysis Tools

Analysis Tools

‰

‰

Analysis Tools

Analysis Tools

z

(41)

Pipeline Engineering Design Tools

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

PIPECALC

Sub sea Pipeline Calculations –

Pipeline Engineering Design Tools

J P Kenny

PRISE

Riser Analysis – J P Kenny

REGIS

Ali

t Sh t G

ti

& D

i

REGIS

Alignment Sheet Generation & Drawing

Management – J P Kenny

OFFPIPE

Pipeline/Riser Installation Analysis –

b

l h

Robert J. Malahy Jr.

SPAN

Riser Span Evaluation - EIL

PIPECROSS

Pipeline Crossing Analysis EIL

(42)

Major Deliverables

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Design Reports

Drawings

Procurement/ Tenders

Major Deliverables

Design Basis

Field Layout

Material

Specifications

Route Selection

Alignment Sheets

Material Requisitions

Wall Thickness

Platform Approaches

Technical Evaluation

Wall Thickness

Platform Approaches

Technical Evaluation

Stability

Crossing Details

Vendor Data Review

Pipeline/Riser Spans

Riser Location

Survey Tenders

Crossings

Riser make-up

Installation Bid

Package

Risers/Flexibility Clamp

Details

Contractor’s

Installation Procedure

R

i

Review

In-situ stress analysis PLEM/ Lateral/ Spool

(43)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE

OFFSHORE PIPELINE

OFFSHORE PIPELINE

OFFSHORE PIPELINE

SYSTEM

SYSTEM

LAYOUT

LAYOUT

LAYOUT

LAYOUT

(44)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Components of Offshore Pipeline

Components of Offshore Pipeline

Risers

Risers

Laterals

Laterals

Laterals

Laterals

Main Pipeline

Main Pipeline

Pipeline End Manifolds (PLEMs)

Pipeline End Manifolds (PLEMs)

Shore Approaches & Terminal Facilities

Shore Approaches & Terminal Facilities

Shore Approaches & Terminal Facilities

Shore Approaches & Terminal Facilities

(45)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Schematic of Offshore Pipeline System

Schematic of Offshore Pipeline System

SBHL-3 BPB

PLATFORM

42" SBHT PIPELINE

POINT 30" 24" 24" 24" 24" 24" 24"

A

SBHL-1 SBHL-2 SBHL-4 SBHL-5 SBHL-6 SBHL-7 BPA 30"

A

BPA PLATFORM 30 PLEM

A

LEGEND

A

LEGEND HYDRAULIC ACTUATED

(46)

Sample Alignment Sheets (Offshore)

Sample Alignment Sheets (Offshore)

Alignment Sheet

(47)

Sample Riser Drawings

Sample Riser Drawings

(Riser GAD)

(Riser GAD)

(48)

Sample Riser Drawings

Sample Riser Drawings

(Riser Approach Drawing)

(Riser Approach Drawing)

(49)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEM

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEM

INSTALLATION

INSTALLATION

INSTALLATION

INSTALLATION

(50)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Construction Testing & Commissioning

z

z

Pipe

Pipe Corrosion & Concrete

Corrosion & Concrete

Construction, Testing & Commissioning

z

z

Pipe

Pipe Corrosion & Concrete

Corrosion & Concrete

Coating

Coating

z

z

Welding and Joint Coating

Welding and Joint Coating

z

z

Pipeline Laying

Pipeline Laying

z

z

Specialty

Specialty Items Installation

Items Installation

z

z

Riser Installation

Riser Installation

z

z

Pipeline Crossing Installation

Pipeline Crossing Installation

z

z

Testing Dewatering Drying

Testing Dewatering Drying

z

z

Testing, Dewatering, Drying

Testing, Dewatering, Drying

and Commissioning

(51)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Installation Techniques

ƒƒ

Conventional Installation by

Conventional Installation by

q

Conventional Installation by

Conventional Installation by

Laybarge

Laybarge

ƒƒ

Installation by J Lay

Installation by J Lay

ƒƒ

Tow Techniques

Tow Techniques

(52)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

(53)

Drill Rig

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

(54)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Submarine Pipeline Laying

‰

‰

Pipeline laying operation done by Lay Barge by S

Pipeline laying operation done by Lay Barge by S--lay

lay

method

method

Submarine Pipeline Laying

‰

‰

Pipelay

Pipelay Analysis done using OFFPIPE software for Pipe

Analysis done using OFFPIPE software for Pipe

Stress Control at different depths and environmental

Stress Control at different depths and environmental

p

p

conditions

(55)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Lay Vessel Requirements

y

q

ƒƒ

Material Handling

Material Handling

ƒƒ

Conveyors

Conveyors

ƒƒ

Field Joint Coating

Field Joint Coating

ƒƒ

Pipe Davits

Pipe Davits

ƒƒ

Line

Line--up Station

up Station

ƒƒ

Welding Stations

Welding Stations

p

p

ƒƒ

Pipe Roller Supports

Pipe Roller Supports

ƒƒ

Stinger System

Stinger System

ƒƒ

Pipe

Pipe Tensioners

Tensioners

ƒƒ

A/R Winch

A/R Winch

g

y

g

y

ƒƒ

Mooring System

Mooring System

ƒƒ

X

X--Ray Inspection

Ray Inspection

(56)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

(57)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

(58)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Installation – Pipe Lay Procedures

‰

‰

Pipelay

Pipelay Initiation

Initiation

p

y

‰

‰

Pipelay

Pipelay Initiation

Initiation

‰

‰

Continuous

Continuous Pipelay

Pipelay

‰

‰

Pipelay

Pipelay Down

Down

(Abandonment)

(Abandonment)

‰

(59)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

(60)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

(61)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

(62)

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

OFFSHORE PIPELINE SYSTEMS

Pipeline Protection by Trenching

p

y

g

‰

‰

To Enhance/Improve Stability

To Enhance/Improve Stability

‰

‰

To Provide Protection Against Offshore

To Provide Protection Against Offshore

‰

‰

To Provide Protection Against Offshore

To Provide Protection Against Offshore

Operations

Operations

‰

(63)

Lay barge VMGL Regina 250

Lay barge VMGL Regina 250

(64)

Stinger

Stinger

(65)

Pipeline Laying

Pipeline Laying

(66)

Field Joint Coating

Field Joint Coating

(67)

Fit

(68)

Lifting operations in Lay barge

Lifting operations in Lay barge

(69)

Pipeline Laying Video

Pipeline Laying Video

(70)

LSAW PIPE MANUFACTURING

LSAW PIPE MANUFACTURING

(71)

References

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