How To Find Out More About The Pharoah Of Pharaoh

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Ancient Egypt and

Nubia

Ashmolean Museum

http://www.ashmolean.org/transforming/egypt/

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W: 14.7cm. Stone

Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1926.241)

Grain rubber, c. 6000, from the Faiyum.

Faiyum: http://sws.geonames.org/361320 http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/waaTimelines.asp?id={AEFC463F-355C-43E2-83D7-E0DC17120850} http://www.trismegistos.org/fayum/index.php http://www.archbase.com/fayum/ Faiyum Neolithic: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/fayum/fayumb.html http://faiyum.com/html/neolithic_transition.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic http://www.talkingpyramids.com/ruins-of-7000-year-old-city-found-in-egypt-oasis/ Pre-dynastic Egypt: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predynastic_Egypt

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Brown flint blade, Neolithic, c. 4400 - c. 3900

(Badarian Culture) from Hammamiya.

Hammamiya: http://sws.geonames.org/361218 http://egyptsites.wordpress.com/tag/el-hammamiya/ Badari culture: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badari_culture Pre-dynastic Egypt: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predynastic_Egypt L: 6.5cm; W: 2cm. Flint.

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Hand made vessel, Neolithic, c. 4400 - c. 3900

(Badarian Culture), from Badari.

Badari (El-Badari): http://sws.geonames.org/361478 http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/waaTimelines.asp?id={D8901D2 8-06F3-46C4-90E4-2633AA73AC21} http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Badari Badari culture: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badari_culture Pre-dynastic Egypt: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predynastic_Egypt

H: H: 6.9cm. Fired clay. ‘Black-top ware’ Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1929.512)

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Hand made vessels, covered with haematite and

black

‘

topped, c. 4000-c. 3500 (Badarian Culture).

Naqada: http://sws.geonames.org/351357 http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/waaTimelines.asp?id={9C0B33 B5-95D6-488D-A929-5548A60178D4} http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/naqada/index.html http://www.egyptvoyager.com/predynastic%20_2.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqada Naqada pottery: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/naqadan/pottypes.html http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/naqadan/chronology.html http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/pottery/index.html Pre-dynastic Egypt: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predynastic_Egypt H: 15.2cm (tallest)

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Hand made beaker, coated with haematite,

burnished and decorated (‘white cross-lined

pottery’) with triangles and eleven animals - large

Barbary sheep, and other bovids with and

without horns, c. 4000 - c. 3500 (Naqada

Culture), from Badari.

Naqada: http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/waaTimelines.asp?id={9C0B3 3B5-95D6-488D-A929-5548A60178D4} http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/naqada/index.html http://www.egyptvoyager.com/predynastic%20_2.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqada Naqada pottery: http://sws.geonames.org/351357 http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/naqadan/pottypes.html http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/naqadan/chronology.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amratian_culture Pre-dynastic Egypt: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predynastic_Egypt H: 25.5cm. Clay

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Jar with lug handles decorated with two boats carrying

hill-design ensigns, lines of hills, flamingoes and rushes, c.

4000-3500 (Pre-dynastic).

Naqada: http://sws.geonames.org/351357 http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/waaTimelines.asp?id={9C0B33B5-95D6-488D-A929-5548A60178D4} http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/naqada/index.html http://www.egyptvoyager.com/predynastic%20_2.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqada Naqada pottery: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/naqadan/pottypes.html http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/naqadan/chronology.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amratian_culture Pre-dynastic Egypt: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predynastic_Egypt H: 22cm; D: 23cm. Clay

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HD: 10cm (above). Limestone Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1895+.997 (above) and 1895+.143 (below)

Circular gaming board with pierced handle. Upper face

decorated with a carved coiled serpent, c. 3600-3300, from

Naqada.

Set of gaming pieces also from Naqada.

Naqada: http://sws.geonames.org/351357 http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/waaTimelines.asp?id={9C0B33B5-95D6-488D-A929-5548A60178D4} http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/naqada/index.html http://www.egyptvoyager.com/predynastic%20_2.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqada Pre-dynastic Egypt: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predynastic_Egypt

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H: 6.1cm; W: 3.9cm. Hippopotamus ivory Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1895+.939)

Comb with long teeth (now largely missing) surmounted

by the head of a bearded male whose eyes, nose and

mouth were incised. 3500-3400 from Naqada.

Naqada: http://sws.geonames.org/351357 http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/waaTimelines.asp?id={9C0B33B5-95D6-488D-A929-5548A60178D4} http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/naqada/index.html http://www.egyptvoyager.com/predynastic%20_2.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqada Naqada Period: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/naqadan/chronology.html Pre-dynastic Egypt: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predynastic_Egypt

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L: 4.3cm. Limestone

Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1895+.138)

Figure of a ‘mythical animal’, feet with three toes,

hallows for inlaid eyes and tail. A hole below was

probably for a support. 3500-3400 from Naqada.

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H: 21cm. Clay

Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1895+.127)

Figure of a woman standing with arms raised above her

head (now lost) with geometric patterns painted on her

body, c. 3500-3200 from Naqada.

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Hippopotamus, c. 3600-3500 (Naqada IIb), from

Hu.

Hu: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu,_Egypt Naqada: http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/waaTimelines.asp?id={9C0B33B 5-95D6-488D-A929-5548A60178D4} http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/naqada/index.html http://www.egyptvoyager.com/predynastic%20_2.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqada Pre-dynastic Egypt: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predynastic_Egypt

H: 11cm; L: 20cm. Clay, coarse red-brown.

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L: 15.7cm; W: 9.4. Handmade, clay

Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1896-1908 E.2807)

Vessel in the shape of a fish with painted eyes and

mouth and cross-hatching on the body, c. 3500-3400

from Hierakonpolis.

Hierakonpolis: http://sws.geonames.org/360950 http://www.hierakonpolis-online.org/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekhen http://www.archaeology.org/interactive/hierakonpolis/ Naqada Period: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/naqadan/chronology.html Pre-dynastic Egypt: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predynastic_Egypt

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Colossal sculpture of the fertility god Min, c.

3300, from Temple of Min at Koptos.

Koptos: http://sws.geonames.org/350560 http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/koptos/index.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qift Min: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min_(god) Pre-dynastic Egypt: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predynastic_Egypt H: 4m est. Stone

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H: 3.5cm; L: 7cm. Hippopotamus ivory Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1913.396.)

http://www.ashmolean.org/services/picturelibrar

y

Model of a seated lion, left paw broken and

repaired in antiquity by inserting a piece of

bone and fixing it with copper wire, c.

3200-3000 (Pre-dynastic).

Abydos: http://sws.geonames.org/357946 http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/waaTimelines.asp?id={5D06 EDD9-700F-48F7-A858-319C2CE1A3B0} http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/abydos/index.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abydos,_Egypt Pre-dynastic Egypt: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predynastic_Egypt

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H: 8.9cm. Lapis

http://www.ashmolean.org/services/picturelibrary

Statuette

of

a

woman,

c.

3300-3000

(Early

Dynastic)),

from

the

Temple

Enclosure,

Hierakonpolis.

Hierakonpolis: http://sws.geonames.org/360950 http://www.hierakonpolis-online.org/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekhen http://www.archaeology.org/interactive/hierakonpolis/ Early Dynastic: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_of_Egypt

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Stone palette with two dogs and other creatures carved in

low relief (

‘

The Two Dog Palette

’

), c. 3300 - c.3100

(Pre-Dynastic to Early (Pre-Dynastic), from Hierakonpolis

Hierakonpolis: http://sws.geonames.org/360950 http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/waaTimelines.asp?id={75F325AA-79BE-4A0A-84CE-2A49BBBA5A1E} http://www.hierakonpolis-online.org/ http://www.archaeology.org/interactive/hierakonpolis/ http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/hierakonpolis/index.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekhen Siltstone; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siltstone Palettes: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmetic_palette#History_of_Egyptian_palettes Early Dynastic: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_of_Egypt H: 42.5cm, W: 22cm. Siltstone

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H: (top fr.) 16.5cm; W: 17cm. Siltstone Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1892.1171)

Two fragments of a battlefield palette similar to the

Two Dog Palette with captives above and wildlife

below, c. 3100 (Early Dynastic) from Abydos.

Abydos: http://sws.geonames.org/357946 http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/waaTimelines.asp?id={5D06EDD9-700F-48F7-A858-319C2CE1A3B0} http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/abydos/index.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abydos,_Egypt Early Dynastic: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/archaicegypt/info.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_of_Egypt

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Mace-head of King Scorpion, c. 3100 (Early Dynastic)

from Hierakonpolis. Wearing the white crown of Upper

Egypt, the king, who may have been Narmer’s

immediate predecessor, is depicted at the ceremonial

opening of an irrigation canal.

Hierakonpolis: http://sws.geonames.org/360950 http://www.hierakonpolis-online.org/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekhen http://www.archaeology.org/interactive/hierakonpolis/ King Scorpion: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Scorpion http://www.ancient-egypt.org/index.html Early Dynastic: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_of_Egypt

H: 31cm; D:30cm. Limestone, carved in low relief Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1896-1908 E.3632)

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H: 19.8cm; D: 18.7. Limestone

Mace-head of Narmer, c. 3100 (Early Dynastic), from

Hierakonpolis (Temple Enclosure).

Hierakonpolis: http://sws.geonames.org/360950 http://www.hierakonpolis-online.org/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekhen http://www.archaeology.org/interactive/hierakonpolis/ Narmer: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/chronology/narmer.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmer Early Dynastic: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_of_Egypt

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H: (antelope) 6.2cm; L: 9.1cm. Blue faience Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1896-1908 E.1)

A group of miniature animals, including a dog,

pelican, baboon and antelope, c. 2950-2575 (Early

Dynastic) from Hierakonpolis.

Hierakonpolis: http://sws.geonames.org/360950 http://www.hierakonpolis-online.org/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekhen http://www.archaeology.org/interactive/hierakonpolis/ Beisa oryx: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_African_Oryx Early Dynastic: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_of_Egypt

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Statue of King Khasekhem seated and wearing the

white crown of Upper Egypt. His name is inscribed in

front of his feet and his victorious military campaign is

shown on the base, 2700-2686 (2

nd

_{Dynasty), from}

Hierakonpolis

Hierakonpolis: http://sws.geonames.org/360950 http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/waaTimelines.asp?id={75F325AA-79BE-4A0A-84CE-2A49BBBA5A1E} http://www.hierakonpolis-online.org/ http://www.archaeology.org/interactive/hierakonpolis/ http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/hierakonpolis/index.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekhen Khasekhem: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khasekhemwy http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/chronology/kingkhasekhem.html 2nd _Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_dynasty_of_Egypt H: 62.4cm. Limestone, carved

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Fragment of a door lintel from the Tomb of Lady Itet, c.

2575 – 2450 (4th Dynasty), with a painting of a fowling

scene, showing her husband, Nefermaat, pulling a

rope. From Meydum.

Meydum: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/meydum/index.html http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/meydum/nefermaat/index.html 4th_Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_dynasty_of_Egypt http://www.ancient-egypt.org/index.html

H: 80cm; W: 110cm. Limestone with figures chiselled out and painted in coloured plasters.

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Shell, carnelian, steatitte

Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1896-1908 EE.457)

Necklace,

2175-2125

(7

th

_-8

th

_Dynasties)

_from

Mahasna, near Abydos.

Mahasna:

http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/naqadan/othersites.html

7th _{and 8}th_Dynasty:

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Model of a granary, c. 2125-c. 2080 (9th Dynasty)

found at Beni Hasan (Tomb 394).

Beni Hasan: http://sws.geonames.org/348265 http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/tours/nile29.asp http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beni_Hasan http://www.archive.org/details/benihasan05egyp Ninth Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninth_dynasty_of_Egypt

L: 35.5cm, W: 26.3cm.Wood, gesso, paint

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Box coffin of Minbaef, c. 2125-1975 (First Intermediate

Period) from Akhmim. The side shows list of offerings and

the eye of Horus ‘to allow the deceased to see out’.

Akhmim/Hawawish:

http://sws.geonames.org/361661 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhmim http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Hawawish

Painted wooden coffins:

http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/coffins.htm

First Intermediate Period:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt

H: 64cm; L:220cm. Painted wood. Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (1911.477)

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Model of a boat with sail, oars and fourteen men, c.

2125-1940 (9th - 11th Dynasty) found at Beni Hasan.

Beni Hasan: http://sws.geonames.org/348265 http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/waaTimelines.asp?id={6FD241AD-638D-4322-890A-5B37433C4DE6} http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/tours/nile29.asp http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beni_Hasan http://www.archive.org/details/benihasan05egyp Egyptian boats: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_Boats_(First_Dynasty)_%E 2%80%93_Abydos http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/navigation.htm

L: 93cm. Wood, gesso, textile paint.

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H: 10.7cm; W: 11.2cm. Stone, painted.

Fragment of a painted rellef with the heads of

captives from Syria and Palestine, 1975-1940

(11

th

_{Dynasty), from the funerary temple of}

Nebhepetre Mentuhotep at Deir el-Bahri.

Deir el-Bahri: http://sws.geonames.org/361834 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_el-Bahri 11th _Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleventh_dynasty_of_Egypt Mentuhotep II: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentuhotep_II

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L: 59cm; W: 24.4cm. Wood, painted Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1922.71)

Model of a funerary scene, 11

th

_Dynasty

(1975-1940) from El-Barsheh.

Deir el Barsheh: http://drupal.arts.kuleuven.be/barsha/node/63 11th_Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleventh_dynasty_of_Egypt Funerary models: http://independent.academia.edu/AngelaTooley/Papers/776 560/Middle_Kingdom_Burial_Customs._A_Study_of_Wood en_Models_and_Related_Material._Volume_I

(30)

Hedgehog, 11

th

_{Dynasty (1975-1940), from Abydos.}

Abydos: http://sws.geonames.org/357946 http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/waaTimelines.asp?id={5D06EDD9-700F-48F7-A858-319C2CE1A3B0} http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/abydos/index.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abydos,_Egypt 11th _Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleventh_dynasty_of_Egypt Hedgehogs: http://www.egypt.swansea.ac.uk/index.php/collection/25-w1155a http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/bestiary/hedgehog.htm L: 6.4cm; H:3.8cm. Faience.

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Group statuette of Neferpesed, Dedetnub and her

son Kemau, c. 1800-1700 (late 12th or 13th Dynasty),

from a mastaba at Abydos.

Abydos: http://sws.geonames.org/357946 http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/waaTimelines.asp?id={5D06EDD9-700F-48F7-A858-319C2CE1A3B0} http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/abydos/index.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abydos,_Egypt Mastaba: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/burialcustoms/mastaba.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastaba 12th_-13th_Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelfth_dynasty_of_Egypt http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt

H: 15cm; W: 12cm. Yellow sandstone with traces of red and blue paint,

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H: 1.3cm; W: .06cm. Gold and faience Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1890.764)

Ring with a cartouche on the front and scarab on the back.

C. 1630-1540 (17

th

_{Dynasty), from Lahun (Temple of}

Maket).

Lahun (Faiyum): http://sws.geonames.org/360858 http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/lahun/index.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Lahun 17th_Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventeenth_dynasty_of_Egypt

(33)

Model of a seated scribe with a writing tablet on his

knee, 18th Dynasty (c. 1540-c. 1292). From Abydos

Abydos: http://sws.geonames.org/357946 http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/waaTimelines.asp?id={5D06EDD9 -700F-48F7-A858-319C2CE1A3B0} http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/abydos/index.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abydos,_Egypt Scribes: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribe#Ancient_Egypt H: 8.3cm. Wood, painted

(34)

Part of the royal titulary of Thutmose II from the back pillar

of a statue, (reg. c. 1493-1479, 18th Dynasty), probably

from Medinet Habu.

Medinet Habu: http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/waaTimelines.asp?id={A15145F5-114B-4407-9917-8FE936DC75E2} http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medinet_Habu_(temple) Thutmose II: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thutmose_II http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/tuthmosis2.htm 18th _Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt H: 11.6cm; W: 9.1cm. Wood

(35)

H: 24cm. Wood, faience, rawhide, carnelian Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1933.618)

Fragment of a carved wooden headdress that formed

part of a coffin, c. 1540-1190 (18

th

_-19

th

_{Dynasty) from}

Deir el Bahri (Tomb 320).

Deir el Bahri: http://sws.geonames.org/361834 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_el-Bahri 18th_-19th _Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt

(36)

D: 29cm. Wood (elm and tamanix) with plaster and rawhide Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1923.663.2)

Hub and spokes of a chariot wheel, 18

th

_Dynasty

(1391-1353) from Thebes, Tomb of Amemhotep

III.

Thebes: http://sws.geonames.org/347342 18th_Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt Amenhotep III: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_III http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/chronology/amenhotepiii.html

(37)

Statue

of

Pharaoh

Akhenaten

holding

an

offering table, c. 1345-1335 (18

th

_{Dynasty), from}

Amarna (garden house shrine).

Amarna: http://sws.geonames.org/347585 http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/waaTimelines.asp?id={560A 2C1A-075A-4803-A805-1C8981D4B5EB} http://www.amarnaproject.com/ http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/amarna/index.html 18th_Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt

Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV):

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhenaten

H: 90cm, incl. base. Sandstone, carved and painted Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1924.162.)

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Fragment

of

a

vessel

with

polychrome

inlaid

hieroglyphs with the names of Akhenaten and Nefertiti,

c. 1340 (18th Dynasty ), from Amarna.

Amarna: http://sws.geonames.org/347585 http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/waaTimelines.asp?id={560A2C1A-075A-4803-A805-1C8981D4B5EB} http://www.amarnaproject.com/ http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/amarna/index.html 18th_Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt

Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV):

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhenaten Hieroglyphs: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs Faience workshops: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/amarna/faience.html H: 2.2cm; W: 3 cm. Faience.

(39)

Fragment of a column with Queen Nefertiti offering a

bouquet to Aten, c. 1345 (18th Dynasty), from Tell

el-Amarna, possibly from the Great Palace.

Amarna: http://sws.geonames.org/347585 http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/waaTimelines.asp?id={560A2C1A-075A-4803-A805-1C8981D4B5EB} http://www.amarnaproject.com/ http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/amarna/index.html 18th Dynasty http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt Nefertiti: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/nefertiti.htm

H: 30cm; W: 20cm. Limestone carved in low relief with traces of blue paint.

Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (1893.1-41.71)

(40)

Statuette of a king wearing the white crown of Upper Egypt,

offering two wine bowls, c. 1292-1190 (19th Dynasty), from

Temple A at Kawa.

Kawa: http://sws.geonames.org/372704 http://www.touregypt.net/hdyn25.htm http://i-cias.com/e.o/kawa.htm Nineteenth Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt

H: 2.8cm.. Electrum (solid cast), uraeus and jars added separately

(41)

H: 15.5cm; W: 14.3. Limestone

Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (ANAsh.H.O.655)

Ostracon recording the resolution of a dispute over a hut

inherited by the workman Wennofer, c. 1190-1070 (20

th

Dynasty), from Deir el-Medina (ancient Thebes).

Deir el-Medina: http://xy2.org/lenka/Settlement.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_el-Medina http://www.leidenuniv.nl/nino/dmd/dmd.html 20th_Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twentieth_dynasty_of_Egypt Ostracon: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/deirelmedine/ostraca.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostracon

(42)

Will of

‘

Lady

’

Naunakhte, written in ink in cursive

hieratic script around1145, from Deir el-Medina

(Valley of the Kings).

Deir el-Medina: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_el-Medina http://www.ancient-egypt.co.uk/Deir%20el%20Medina/index.htm 20th _Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twentieth_dynasty_of_Egypt Hieratic script: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/writing/hieratic.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieratic http://www.omniglot.com/writing/egyptian_hieratic.htm Naunakhte’s will: http://www.ashmolean.org/ash/objectofmonth/history.htm http://www.jstor.org/pss/3855381 H: 40cm; W: 45cm. Papyrus, ink

(43)

H: 16.6cm; D: 8.7cm. Faience

Chalice vase in the form of a lotus flower, c.

947-715 (22

nd

_{Dynasty), from Maidum.}

Maidum: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meidum http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/meidum.html 22nd _Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-second_dynasty_of_Egypt Lotus: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera

(44)

Mummy and cartonnage case of Meresamun, female musician in

the cult of Amun, with protective winged demons painted on the

front to guard the body and jackals at the feet, c. 830-715 (23

rd

_-24

th

Dynasty), probably from western Thebes.

23rd _{and 24}th_Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23rd_dynasty_of_egypt http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24th_dynasty_of_egypt Mesamun: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meresamun Amun: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amun Mummy coffins: http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/coffins.htm

L: 164cm. Wood pulp, papyrus, paint mage: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1960.1288)

(45)

L: 11cm. Faience

Spoon in the form of a naked girl swimming with

a rectangular basin, c. 750 (25

th

_Dynasty,

Napatan), from Sanam cemetery (grave 936) in

Sudan.

Sanam: http://sws.geonames.org/380963 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanam%2C_Sudan Napatan: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/nubia/napatan.html http://www.ancientsudan.org/burials_06_napatan.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napata http://www.nubianet.org/about/about_history7.html

(46)

H: 8.2cm. Faience, glazed

Amulet of Bes nursing a Horus, 25

th

_{Dynasty (770-715)}

from Gematen (Temple T).

Gematen/Kawa: http://sws.geonames.org/372704 http://www.touregypt.net/hdyn25.htm http://i-cias.com/e.o/kawa.htm 25th _Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napatan Horus: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horus Bes: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bes

(47)

Disk

inscribed with the names

of Montuemhat,

‘

governor of Thebes

‘

, c. 770 – 715 (25th Dynasty).

Montuemhat:

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montuemhat

25th_Dynasty:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napatan

D: 7.7cm. Blue-glazed steatite

(48)

Shrine erected by King Taharqa, c. 690 - c. 664 (25th

Dynasty) in the court of the Temple of Amun at Kawa in

Nubia (Sudan).

Kawa: http://sws.geonames.org/372704 http://www.touregypt.net/hdyn25.htm http://i-cias.com/e.o/kawa.htm 25th Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fifth_dynasty_of_Egypt Taharqa: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taharqa http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/massive-statue-of-pharaoh-taharqa-discovered-deep-in-sudan-1862007.html Shrine of Taharqa: http://www.yare.org/museums/ashmolean/shrine%20of%20taharqa.htm H: 230cm; L: 395cm; W: 395cm. Sandstone. Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1936.661)

(49)

Statue of King Taharqa standing between the folded

legs of the Ram of Amun, c. 680, from Temple T at

Kawa, c. 680 (25

th

_Dynasty).

Kawa: http://sws.geonames.org/372704 http://www.touregypt.net/hdyn25.htm http://i-cias.com/e.o/kawa.htm 25th _Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fifth_dynasty_of_Egypt Napatan Period: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/nubia/napatan.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napata Ram of Amun: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statues_of_Amun_in_ the_form_of_a_ram_protecting_King_Taharqa http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/ram.htm Taharqa: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taharqa http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/massive-statue-of-pharaoh-taharqa-discovered-deep-in-sudan-1862007.html H: 95cm; L: 153cm. Granite

(50)

H: 36.5cm. W: 36.5cm. Wood, gesso, paint Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1974.171)

Stele of Diesihebsad painted in red, blue, green,

yellow and black and inscribed, c. 530, possibly

from Thebes.

Funerary stelai:

(51)

Sarcophagus of Ptahhotep, Steward of the Treasury,

c. 500 (26

th

_{Dynasty), inscribed with text from the}

Book of the dead, from Giza.

Giza: http://sws.geonames.org/360995 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giza http://www.gizapyramids.org/code/emuseum.asp 26th _Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-sixth_dynasty_of_Egypt Ptahhotep: http://www.cojs.org/cojswiki/Lid_of_the_Sarcophagus_of_Ptahhotepth e,_c._500_BCE

Book of the Dead:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead

Greywacke:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greywacke

H: 185cm. Sandstone (grewacke)

(52)

H: 51cm; D: 9cm. Limestone

Canopic jar with human head, c. 380-343 (30

th

_Dynasty)

from Hawara.

Hawara (Fayyum): http://sws.geonames.org/355992 30th_Dynasty: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirtieth_dynasty_of_Egypt Canopus: http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/tours/nile39.asp Canopic jar: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopic_jar

(53)

D: 8.3cm. Sheet gold

Armlet with bust of Isis in a medallion, 4

th

_-3

rd

centuries,

from

Tukh

el-Qaramus

(Temple

Treasure).

Tukh el-Qaramus: http://www.cultnat.org/Programs/Archaeological%20Map/Applic ation/Pages/Application.aspx http://www.ashmolean.org/departments/antiquities/about/AEgypt /sitelist.php

(54)

‘

Hadra ware

’

vessel (hydria) used as a cinerary

urn, from Alexandria, 209. The inscription painted

on the lower body identifies the dead as Nikostratos,

an envoy from the island of Chios in the eastern

Mediterranean.

Alexandria: http://sws.geonames.org/361058 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria Nikostratos: http://www.trismegistos.org/ref/detail.php?ref_id=24871 Hadra pottery: http://www.jstor.org/pss/30102817

Hadra cemetery at Alexandria:

http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/alextombs2.htm

H: 43cm; D: 24.2cm. Fired clay with painted decoration of florals. Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1920.250)

(55)

Mummy portrait of a young man (193-235AD) from

Faiyum.

Faiyum: http://sws.geonames.org/361320 http://www.waa.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/waaTimelines.asp?id={AEFC463F-355C-43E2-83D7-E0DC17120850} http://www.trismegistos.org/fayum/index.php http://www.archbase.com/fayum/ Encaustic: http://www.encaustic.ca/html/history.html

Faiyum mummy portraits:

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fayum_mummy_portraits http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayum_mummy_portraits

http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/digital_egypt/hawara/portraits/index.html

H: 30cm; W: 19cm. Encaustic painting on wood Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1896-1908E.3755)

(56)

D: 19.4cm. Bronze, cast.

Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1912.460.1)

Mirror case in two parts. The top/outer face is

decorated with an applique female bust, the

interior is engraved with a figure of Harpocrates,

lotus flowers and mythical animals. 1

st

_century

BC/1

st

_{century AD, from Faras (Sanam cemetery,}

grave 2589).

Sanam: http://sws.geonames.org/380963 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanam%2C_Sudan Faras: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faras Roman Egypt: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt_(Roman_province)#Later_Roma n_Egypt http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/regy/hd_regy.htm

(57)

Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (ANInscr.3019)

School boy’s ‘work book’, 2

nd

_{century AD.}

Roman Egypt:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt_(Roman_province) #Later_Roman_Egypt

(58)

Cup decorated with two crocodiles, each with a bird

on its tail, Meroitic Period, 2nd - 3rd century AD, from

Faras in Nubia.

Faras: http://sws.geonames.org/363416 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faras http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/article_index/f/faras_sudan.aspx Meroitic: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/nubia/meroitic.html http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/nubia/mpottery.html

H: 8.7cm; D: 9.9cm. Fired Nile silt, white washed with reddish brown paint.

(59)

L: 22.5cm. W: 8.2cm. Leather and papyrus Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1888.803)

Pair of purple leather shoes, from Hawara

(Faiyum), later 4

th

_{century AD.}

Hawara (Faiyum): http://sws.geonames.org/355992 Byzantine Egypt: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/foreignrelations/roman.htmlhttp:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt_(Roman_province)#Later_Roman_Eg ypt http://www.touregypt.net/alexhis3.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Egypt Leather: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/craft/leather.html Shoes: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/textil/shoes.html

(60)

H: H: 33cm; W: 56.6cm. Limestone, carved Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1970.403)

Fragment of an architectural block craved in high

relief with a scene from Greek mythology of Leda

being pursued by Zeus in the guise of a swan,

attended by nymphs. The bearded male head

above represents the river Eurotas in Sparta

where the incident is said to have taken place. 5

th

century (Byzantine Period).

Byzantine Egypt: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/foreignrelations/roman.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt_(Roman_province) #Later_Roman_Egypt http://www.touregypt.net/alexhis3.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Egypt

Leda and the swan:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leda_and_the_Swan

River Eurotas:

(61)

H: 20cm. W: 32cm. Wool and linen Image: Ashmolean Picture Library (AN1892.606)

Part of a cover or cushion of plain weave linen

cloth covered with chain stitch embroidery in

coloured wools in an all-over design of flowers,

leaves and wheel motifs, 6

th

_{century (Byzantine}

Period),

from

Akhmin,

Greek

Panopolis,

mentioned by Strabo for textile production).

Byzantine Egypt: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/foreignrelations/roman.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt_(Roman_province) #Later_Roman_Egypt http://www.touregypt.net/alexhis3.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Egypt Akhmin: http://sws.geonames.org/361661 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhmin Strabo: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strabo Textiles: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/textil/tools.html http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/textil/index2.html

(62)

(63)

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=02&region=afe

(64)

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=04&region=afe

(65)