Agroforestry: A review of University Studies. A Report by the Centre for Studies in Agriculture, Law and the Environment (CSALE)

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Agroforestry: A review of University Studies

A Report by the Centre for Studies in Agriculture, Law and

the Environment (CSALE)

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Table of Contents

Introduction... 7

Topics Of Interest ... 8

Canada ... 9

University of Alberta - Dept. of Renewable Resources ... 9

Graduate Specialization in Agroforestry ... 9

University of Guelph - Dept. of Environmental Biology... 10

Tree-Based Intercropping Systems ... 10

Riparian Buffer Plantings... 11

UBC ... 11

Agroecology ... 11

Forestry... 11

The Agroforestry Course ... 12

Europe/Australia... 14

The University of Wales, Bangor ... 14

Agroforestry B.Sc ... 14

Course Structure... 14

Post Graduate Degree ... 15

Forestry... 15

Agroforestry ... 15

Environmental Forestry ... 15

Bio-composite Technology ... 16

Rural Resource Management ... 16

World Animal Production... 16

Water Resources ... 16

Cranfield University (UK) ... 16

University of Melbourne... 17

Undergraduate Subjects in Agroforestry... 17

Courses... 18

Farm Trees - Design Project ... 18

Advanced Agroforestry... 18

The United States ... 19

University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry... 19

Mission... 19

Objectives ... 19

Research... 19

University of Arizona School of Renewable Natural Resources ... 20

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Agroforestry ... 20

Dryland Forest Management... 20

Northern Arizona University School of Forestry ... 20

Teaching ... 20

Forestry in Developing Countries ... 20

International ... 20

Auburn University School of Forestry (Alabama) ... 21

Stephen F. Austin State University College of Forestry ... 21

Research... 21

University of California, Berkeley Dept. of Environmental Science, Policy & Management 21 Teaching ... 22

University of California, Davis... 22

Teaching ... 22

Agroforestry: Global and Local Perspectives (ASE/IAD 160)... 22

California Polytechnic State University - Dept of Natural Resources Management ... 22

Course Concentration ... 22

Forest Resources-Management ... 22

Forest Resources-Watershed and Fire Management ... 22

Forest Resources-Urban Forestry ... 22

Natural Resources Recreation ... 22

Environmental Management ... 23 Wildlife Biology... 23 Teaching ... 23 Research... 23 Extension ... 23 International ... 24

Colorado State University Dept of Forest Sciences ... 24

Research... 24

Cornell University Dept of Natural Resources... 24

Teaching ... 24

Research... 24

University of Florida School of Forest Resources and Conservation... 25

Teaching ... 25

Research... 25

Perdue University: Forestry and Natural Resources ... 26

Program ... 26 Teaching ... 27 Research... 27 International ... 28 Yale University ... 28 Teaching ... 28 International ... 29

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University of Georgia Institute of Ecology ... 29

Teaching ... 29

Research... 29

University of Hawaii, Manoa: Dept of Agronomy and Soil Science... 29

Research... 29

Teaching ... 30

Kansas State University Dept of Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation ... 30

Teaching ... 30

Research... 30

University of Minnesota: Center for Integrated Natural Resources and Agricultural Management (CINRAM) ... 30

Teaching ... 31

Research... 32

University of Nebraska, Lincoln Center for Sustainable Agricultural Systems ... 32

Research... 32

University of Nebraska, Lincoln: Dept of Forestry, Fisheries and Wildlife... 32

Teaching ... 32

Research... 32

Extension ... 34

University of Idaho, College of Forestry, Wildlife and Range Sciences ... 34

Teaching ... 35

Research... 36

Extension ... 37

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5 The USDA defines agroforestry as the "combination of agriculture and

forestry technologies to create more integrated, diverse, productive, profitable, healthy and sustainable land-use systems." But it is much more than that. Agroforestry is a different way of thinking about the practice of forestry itself. It seeks to utilize several different ways of doing forestry that break with tradition and attempt to generate long-term and responsible returns from harvesting trees.

But why practice agroforestry? Well, agroforestry can provide many more benefits than just better returns on a particular plot of land. One major benefit to the deliberate practice of agroforestry is the fact that it can help reduce the need for overbearing and costly regulations down the line. In an attempt to preserve biodiversity, soil erosion, species extinction and quality-of-life issues, governments are becoming gradually being pressured to enact stronger laws that seek to achieve the same goals of agroforestry. Most landowners would welcome less regulation, and the organized practice of agroforestry can head-off government oversight. Also, by forcing the landowner to address several concerns at the same time, agroforestry can naturally create a stronger overall set of assets, ones that support each other rather than fighting for resources.

For a long time, agroforestry was largely unknown or only practiced on a very limited scale. Forestry itself was more focused on the harvesting of trees than the management of the resource. Only over time did foresters begin to see that the forest and the things that live among, above and beneath it are intimately connected to each other to the success of the overall project and can be managed together. Even today, many landowners utilize the practices of agroforestry without even knowing it1.

Agroforestry has many possible uses. Specifically, agroforestry can produce significant benefits, if done correctly:

Diversification

Agroforestry allows the land on which it is practiced, as well as the rural community it is a part of, to diversify, biologically and economically. One problem with modern forestry or agriculture is that it usually involves "putting all of your eggs in one basket." If a tree-killing disease sweeps through a forest, years of investments and care are ruined. The same goes for crops and field pests. By combining forestry and

agriculture in innovative ways, the farmer or forester can diversify their holdings and give themselves better overall value on their property. Also, good diversification can stimulate rural economic development by creating additional and more stable income streams into the

community.

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Pollution Control

Evidence is mounting that shows the long-term negative effects intensive agriculture can have on a particular area of land. The inputs (fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, others) build up over time and leak into water systems and nearby properties, producing a potential health hazard and costly environmental problem. Also, on the edges of urban sprawl, different kinds of pollution (soil, water, air) are making their ways into rural environments. Property utilized agroforestry can put trees in place that filter out many of these pollutants and keep them from further contaminating surrounding environments.

Biodiversity

Agroforestry can help return true biodiversity to the world's farmland. Forests or tree stands provide natural cover for animals and allow them to regain a foothold in the area. Biodiversity can also have strong economic benefits as well, such as income from land used as for hunting or as a nature conservation area.

Erosion Control

Any landowner would take sensible action to prevent gradually losing his land to erosion, as any erosion of the land translates directly into a gradual loss of value in one's portfolio. Agroforestry provides an easy, inexpensive and potentially valuable way to help keep land around water sources intact, without having to resort to environmentally dangerous and costly artificial structures, like walls or shore dams.

Climate Moderation

While some crops require a high-temperature to germinate and

abundant sunlight to grow, agroforestry can provide climate moderation in other areas. This can make the surround area much more livable for all creatures, while not damaging the productivity of the surrounding agricultural projects.

Integrated Production Systems

In agricultural or forestry production today, efficiency is key. You simply must generate more returns with fewer inputs, such as land and

management expertise. Yet, around the world, most plots of land can produce a variety of valuable products rather than just one or two intensively produced crops or types of lumber. Combining agriculture and forestry into agroforestry maximizes one's potential earnings while making best use of the resources at hand.

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7 Introduction

Agroforestry - comprising all land-use systems and practices in which woody perennials are deliberately grown on the same land management unit as crops and/or animals - is a rapidly evolving approach to resource management. Agroforestry combines agriculture and forestry to create a more integrated, diverse and sustainable land-use systems.

Some important agroforestry practices include:

o Shelterbelts

o Riparian Forest Buffers

o Alley Cropping

o Silvopasture2

o Forest Farming

Agroforestry is a practice that may provide strong economic incentives for adoption. The typical situation is agricultural land where trees are grown to develop preferred goals. Agroforestry usually also provides strong incentives for adoption of conservation practices and alternative land uses, and supports a collaborative analysis approach to management of landscapes containing mixed ownerships, vegetation types and land uses.

Agroforestry practices are combinations of trees with crops and/or livestock that involve intensive management of the interactions between the components as an integrated agroecosystem. These key characteristics are the essence of

agroforestry and are what distinguish it from other farming or forestry practices. To be called agroforestry, a land-use practice must satisfy all of these criteria3:

o Intentional: Combinations of trees, crops and/or animals are

intentionally designed and managed as a whole unit, rather than as individual elements that may occur in close proximity but are controlled separately.

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Silvopasture as an agroforestry practice is specifically designed and managed for the production

of trees, tree products, forage and livestock. Silvopasture results when forage crops are deliberately introduced or enhanced in a timber production system, or timber crops are deliberately introduced or enhanced in a forage production system. As a silvopasture, timber and pasture are managed as a single integrated system. Silvopastoral systems are designed to produce a high-value timber component, while providing short-term cash flow from the livestock component. The interactions among timber, forage and livestock are managed intensively to simultaneously produce timber commodities, a high quality forage resource and efficient livestock production.

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o Intensive: Agroforestry practices are intensively managed to maintain their productive and protective functions; these practices often involve annual operations such as cultivation and fertilization.

o Interactive: Agroforestry management seeks to actively manipulate the biological and physical interactions between the tree, crop and animal components. The goal is to enhance the production of more than one harvestable component at a time, while also providing conservation benefits such as non-point source water pollution control or wildlife habitat.

o Integrated: The tree, crop and/or animal components are structurally and functionally combined into a single, integrated management unit. Integration may be horizontal or vertical, and above or below ground. Such integration utilizes more of the productive capacity of the land and helps balance economic production with resource conservation.

A dominant consideration for rebalancing the global carbon cycle is to find ways to promote the increased growth of trees and shrubs.

Topics Of Interest

Topics of interest to study include:

- global inventory of agroforestry plantations; - regulatory issues related to agroforestry;

- national policies and strategies on agroforestry; - environmental impact of agroforestry;

- planting material used for agroforestry;

- genetic enhancement of agroforestry for plantations; - the socio-economics of agroforestry;

- the role of women in agroforestry;

- the utilization of agroforestry from plantations;

- the technologies implemented in developing and managing agroforestry; - opportunities for agroforestry development;

- assessment of existing agroforestry - information on agroforestry projects;

- harvesting methods and yield of agroforestry; - economic and business analysis of agroforestry; - industries dependent on agroforestry as a raw material

- data linking agroforestry to other wood and non-wood forestry crops Interested individuals include: farmers, environmentalists, agronomists,

entrepreneurs, industrialists, or anyone with a particular interest in agroforestry cultivation.

There are a large number of Universities that provide either a full degree course or classes in agroforestry. The following pages provide a representative sampling of the courses at universities in North America and elsewhere.

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9 Canada

University of Alberta - Dept. of Renewable Resources

The Department is home to the BSc programs in Environmental and Conservation Sciences, and Forestry as well as the Land Resources (Soil Science) major within the Agriculture program. Students taking Forestry may major in either Forest Management or Forest Resources. The Forest Management major prepares students for careers as Registered Professional Foresters while Forest Resources is intended for students who want to develop enrichment in some particular area. The Environmental and Conservation Sciences program offers majors in

Conservation Biology; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Reclamation; and Human Dimensions of Environmental Management.

Potential areas for graduate research include: agroecosystem modeling,

conservation biology, environmental policy, environmental science, mineralogy, nutrient cycling, protected area management, range management, reclamation, remote sensing, silviculture, social forestry, water resources, wild land recreation and interpretation, wildlife management, and wood science.

Graduate Specialization in Agroforestry

Agroforestry at the University of Alberta is offered as a graduate degree

specialization in the Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry, and Home Economics, within the existing Masters of Forestry and Agriculture programs and the existing

Masters of Science in Forestry and Agriculture.

The program is being developed in collaboration with the l'Universite Laval in Quebec and the Tropical Agricultural Research and Education Centre (CATIE), which is located in Costa Rica and locations in Africa and Asia.

Classes given include Introduction to Agroforestry (REN R 401). This course is designed to meet the needs of undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in the subject. It focuses on the principles and technologies of sustainable and efficient agroforestry systems with respect to the biophysical, socio-economic, political, and cultural environment. Now that there is a significant agroforestry activity in the temperate zone and developed countries, these

applications are examined with an emphasis on the more common applications from developing countries in tropical regions.

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University of Guelph - Dept. of Environmental Biology

The Department of Environmental Biology provides a focal point for

multidisciplinary research in environmental, biological and toxicological aspects of pesticide use; the management of insect pest populations; apiculture and

pollination biology; the biology and control of weeds; the etiology and control of plant diseases; environmental quality as related to waste management and utilization; agroforestry; stream reclamation; and, environmental microbiology. The Department comprises an interdisciplinary group of scientists interested in studying relationships among naturally occurring organisms, the environment and agriculture and in solving problems that directly or indirectly affect food and fibre production. The Department has evolved from its original strengths in Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science to focus on two broad aspects of

environmental biology - the assessment of environmental impact of synthetic chemicals and the development of strategies for ameliorating those impacts. The undergraduate program attracts more than 2000 enrolments annually from a broad spectrum of undergraduates. Students learn environmental biosciences with an emphasis on biological diversity at the molecular, population, community and biosphere levels. Students become familiar with how organisms, such as plants, insects, fungi and bacteria, interact with the physical environment (water and soils) and respond to human activities. Methods of measuring and monitoring the impact of human activities on natural and agricultural ecosystems are presented. To counter negative impacts, solutions, such as bioremediation of effluent, waste management, restoration of stream quality, and agroforestry are applied. Upon graduation, students have an awareness of the social and economic implications of environmental biosciences and are prepared to initiate solutions for a diversity of environmental problems.

Research include:

Tree-Based Intercropping Systems

The University of Guelph is the only university in Canada with an active research program in temperate agroforestry systems. It is also the only university to have implemented large-scale controlled and replicated intercropping trials (trees and crops). In 1987, a tree-based intercropping research program was initiated using a total of approximately 10 different species of hardwoods and coniferous trees, annually intercropped with corn, soybeans, wheat or barley. Row spacing of 12 and 15 m are also incorporated into the design, which covers 30 ha. From this research many scientific papers, in the areas of microclimatic modification, soil moisture and fertility interactions, soil nitrogen and soil organic matter dynamics, earthworm ecology, and allelochemical interactions have been published.

Additionally, three M.Sc. degrees and two Ph.D. degrees have been conferred on site researchers.

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11 Riparian Buffer Plantings

Pioneer research was also initiated in southern Ontario in 1985 by the

Agroforestry Research Division (ARD), University of Guelph, on riparian buffer strip plantings. This project was carried out on Washington Creek, an

agriculturally-degraded stream that drains into the Grand River system. Rehabilitation efforts were concentrated on a 1.6 km section of the stream.

Several beneficial effects including, prevention of nitrate pollution, improvement of water quality and wildlife habitat, reduced light intensity and lowered water

temperature were recorded. This work was also published. The benefits observed in both systems (tree-based intercropping and riparian buffers) were mainly attributed to the presence of trees on agricultural land. Therefore, these systems not only partly help increase tree cover in southern Ontario but also result in environmental, ecological and economic and cultural benefits to the landowners.

Funding: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA) with the Ontario Professional Forestry Foundation, Environment Canada, Canadian Foundation for Innovation (C.F.I).

UBC

A course in agroforestry is offered as a directed study in the Faculty of Forestry and as one of the program specialization modules in the Agroecology program of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences. This course can also be taken at the 500 level with an additional assignment.

Agroecology

Agroecology is one of the four unique undergraduate programs offered through the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at the University of British Columbia. Other undergraduate programs include Community & Environment Global Resource Systems Food, and Nutrition & Health. These programs bring together the elements of agricultural sciences, ecology and environmental thought and is influenced by the experiences of people who manage land and water to produce food and other products. The program provides an agricultural education that integrates disciplinary knowledge within a framework of ecological principles and encourages students to tailor their learning experiences to prepare for a wide range of careers with varying emphases, including animal studies, horticulture, soils and environment, resource economics and general agroecology.

Forestry

The Faculty of Forestry has a teaching faculty of more than fifty professors. In addition to their commitment to teaching, they are extensively involved in research projects that do much to further the understanding of the forest and its resources. The University of British Columbia's Faculty of Forestry has close to 600

undergraduate and 200 graduate students, and the highest levels of forestry research funding in Canada, the faculty is well positioned to meet the needs of the forest sector. Under Graduate Degree Programs include Programs in Forest Resources Management, Natural Resources Conservation, Forest Operations,

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Forest Science, and Wood Products Processing. Graduate Degree Programs include advanced studies in the basic scientific, managerial or economic aspects of Forestry and Wood Science.

The Agroforestry Course

This course will introduce students to agroforestry systems, using the technique of problem-based learning (PBL). PBL is learner-centred in a small group format where "cases" are written by content experts and then the learning process itself is focused on learners, facilitated by tutors. Students will integrate and apply

knowledge and principles of agroecology and forest ecology to the solution of problems related to agroforestry systems. Each case will require students to integrate ecological, environmental, economic and social considerations associated with agroforestry ventures. Cases will be supplemented by guest lectures on specific aspects of agroforestry or case studies.

A section on agroforestry in B.C. includes woodlot management, riparian zones, windbreaks, silvopastoral systems, ethnobotany and non-timber forest resources. Students will also learn about agroforestry systems in developing countries in presentations of case studies and a problem scenario. A diversity of student backgrounds is encouraged, but an undergraduate ecology course is required.

Learning outcomes:

o Understand the ecological and silvicultural basis of agroforestry systems4;

o Address economic and social considerations of agroforestry;

o Appreciate the complexity of agroforestry problems in developing countries;

o Think critically and identify problems;

o Work effectively in groups;

o Independently seek information and assess its relevance;

Sample problem scenarios:

Woodlot management: A farmer is considering adding a poplar woodlot to their farming operation. Learning outcomes: woodlot management, intensive

silviculture, organic fertilizers, and enterprise management.

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Silviculture is the art of producing and tending a forest. Silviculture is directed at the creation and maintenance of the kind of forest that will best fulfill the landowner's objectives.

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13 Non-timber forest resources: A native band has acquired a tract of forested land and wish to earn income from the land without harvesting trees. Learning

outcomes: ethnobotany, non-timber forest resources, First Nations issues.

Sustainable agroforestry in Madagascar: Villagers who have traditionally used shifting agriculture must now extract food and fuelwood indefinitely from a small piece of land. Learning outcomes: maintenance of soil fertility, agroforestry systems, nutrient cycling.

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Europe/Australia

The University of Wales, Bangor

The University of Wales, Bangor, has been teaching undergraduate degrees in Agriculture and Forestry for almost 100 years and in the last ten years a number of new land-based science degrees have been introduced.

Agroforestry B.Sc

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The honours degree in agroforestry is an interdisciplinary degree considering the principles and practice of using land to meet human needs. This involves the trees, crops, animals and people, together with the interactions in farming and forest systems. The stability and sustainability of these systems in relation to the environment is considered alongside the need to produce a balance of food, fuel and timber and to maintain biodiversity.

The degree is based on a firm grounding in agricultural, forest and social science and is designed to produce a new generation of graduates who are able to consider the ecological, economic and social complexity necessary to evaluate and improve land use practices found in the real world.

Course Structure

The first year involves a common core program taken by most students across the School enabling a change degree registration at the end of the first year. The second year builds on the basic scientific principles covered in the first year. The second year is concerned with developing technical competence in the

sustainable use of renewable natural resources in agricultural and forest production.

The agroforestry systems module is designed to develop skills in integrating knowledge across disciplines.

The following modules are compulsory: · Agroforestry systems

· Rural sociology

· Forest ecology and applied ecophysiology · Natural resource assessment

· World soils and soil fertility · Soil management

· Financial planning and appraisal of farm and forest enterprises · Applied statistics and experimental design

The remaining modules are selected from: · Temperate silviculture and arboriculture

· Field crop production in temperate environments · Agriculture, forestry and the European environment · Livestock production from grass

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15 · Grassland ecology and management

In the final year students complete an honours project (equivalent to three

modules), two assignments (equivalent to a further three modules) and six taught modules. The honours project is begun towards the end of the second year and submitted in the final year. The topic, selected in conjunction with staff, allows specialization in a particular field of interest and may involve laboratory or field experimentation, social survey work or literature based studies. The two assignments involve practical work in the measurement and modelling of ecological interactions in agroforestry practices.

The taught modules include:

· Sustainable development: social dimensions;

· Sustainable agriculture: production and economic dimensions; · Soil plant interactions and the role of trees;

· The economics of agroforestry systems.

Other modules are chosen from the wide range of courses available in the following subject areas: economics and management; soil science; conservation and biodiversity; agriculture; forestry.

Post Graduate Degree

The School runs a number of strong MSc courses and we currently have over 90 MSc students. These courses utilize the expertise available within the school and outside specialists who bring with them their personal insights into real life

situations. The school also runs a series of short courses.

Forestry

A nine-month taught course intended for students with forestry, agricultural or other land management background seeking to specialize in one of three areas of study or for students with non-forestry degrees seeking a technical forestry

education.

Agroforestry

A nine/twelve-month taught course intended for students seeking and

interdisciplinary education in the sustainable use of land to meet human needs for food, fuel and timber.

Environmental Forestry

A nine/twelve-month taught course intended for students with forestry, agricultural or other land management background seeking to specialize in one of three areas of study or for students with non-forestry degrees seeking a forestry education.

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Bio-composite Technology

A nine/twelve-month taught course which provides training in the materials

science, processing technologies and manufacturing processes relevant to timber and other plant-based materials. The course is designed to be relevant to students from temperate and tropical regions.

Rural Resource Management

A nine/twelve-month taught course offered with two options:

o Overseas rural development: focusing on the development of an understanding of the issues involved in rural management of tropical areas, with a special emphasis on arid and semi-arid regions;

o Conservation and land management: intended for students with a strong interest in land management seeking to increase their knowledge of rural management.

World Animal Production

A nine/twelve-month taught course providing opportunities to develop expertise in animal production with a worldwide emphasis.

Water Resources

A nine/twelve-month taught course for students wishing to work in the challenging future of sustainable water resources both at home and abroad.

Cranfield University (UK)

The Institute of Water and Environment is internationally renowned for its multidisciplinary approach to sustaining the world's environment and fresh water resources. It is committed to providing practical and cost-effective management solutions to the ever-increasing problems associated with human activities. Two Bachelors and two Masters courses are offered. Research and consultancy in a wide range topic areas relating to the protection, enhancement and sustainable use of natural resources are effected.

The following examples give a flavour of some on-going work in UK, Europe, Africa, Asia and the Americas:

o Economics of river maintenance operations; river bank protection techniques; restoration of rivers and wetlands; plant community water requirements in wildlife habitats; social and economic aspects of the creation of wet fens;

o Environmentally acceptable solutions to problems of pollution and waste disposal; pesticide movement through soils; integrated pollution control for the livestock sector; riparian buffer strips to reduce diffuse pollution from farm land;

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o Resource competition between trees and arable crops; biodiversity of farm woodlands; willow short rotation coppice as a biomass energy crop; farmer uptake of environmental incentive schemes;

o Water use efficiency of crops; water resource planning for irrigated agriculture; advanced techniques for precision irrigation;

environmental physiology of crops;

o Agro ecological, hydrological and sediment modelling; catchment monitoring and management; erosion control approaches for

resource poor farmers; regional scale soil erosion risk assessment;

o Impact evaluation and optimization for community water supplies; private-sector participation in low-cost well drilling; technology transfer systems for rural development; water policy and water law reform.

The Natural Resources Management MSc is interdisciplinary, recognizing that successful resource management can only be accomplished by combining technical aspects with social and economic understanding. The program is designed to train all participants in core areas, but to allow specialization in four areas through the choice of electives in:

• Ecological Conservation;

• Agroforestry;

• Land Resource Planning;

• Communities and development.

The aim of the Agroforestry elective is to provide the necessary knowledge and skills to design and manage productive and sustainable systems integrating tree, crop and animal production. A major attraction of this elective is that it brings together a wide range of disciplines including agroforestry, forestry, crop

management, plantation agriculture, socio-economics, and soil conservation. At the end of this elective the student should be able to diagnose constraints on the development of natural resources and implement management techniques to improve the productivity and sustainability of natural resource systems.

University of Melbourne

Undergraduate Subjects in Agroforestry

As part of the degree courses in Agricultural Science and Forest Science, the School of Forestry offer subjects in Agroforestry and Farm Forestry. Although these courses are generally only available to students enrolled in the faculty's own programs, students from other faculties of the University of Melbourne and from

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other tertiary institutions are able to undertake the courses in some circumstances. Successful applicants may receive credit towards a diploma or degree of the University although such credit is not automatic.

Courses

Farm Trees - Design Project Third Year

Students of Forestry and Natural Resource Management are able to undertake studies in agroforestry and farm forestry beginning with a block release subject offered at Creswick and Dookie.

Objectives:

By the end of the subject the student should be able to appreciate the principles of diagnosis and design in the development of agroforestry and farm forestry

opportunities; have an understanding of the role of trees in providing for private landowner needs and aspirations; be able to undertake a multipurpose

revegetation design project; and be familiar with the opportunities for landowners to produce commercial forest products from private native forests.

Content:

This field-based course covers fundamental aspects of farm revegetation planning, and relies on students' abilities to undertake self-directed learning. Students will be expected to participate in field-based learning exercises and information gathering so as to identify revegetation opportunities and constraints, and propose appropriate designs.

Presentation:

The course is presented in blocks and is largely focused on working directly with landowners interested in farm forestry projects

Advanced Agroforestry

Forth Year Agricultural Science and Forest Science

The current forth year elective for students of forestry and agriculture offers students an introduction to agroforestry, farm forestry and property management planning for revegetation. In 1998 a third course will be developed for forestry students who have already completed Agroforestry 1.

Objectives:

By the end of the subject students should have a working knowledge of

agroforestry diagnosis and design as an approach to the development of farm tree management opportunities on farms in Australia and overseas; appreciate the importance of assessing landowners' needs, aspirations and performance criteria when designing agroforestry projects and development strategies; be able to develop technical design criteria for effective revegetation for resource conservation, agricultural production and direct commercial purposes; and be familiar with approaches to tree monitoring and evaluation.

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19 The United States

University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry

The University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry is an interdisciplinary research, teaching and technology transfer program that draws on the expertise of the faculty in forestry, fisheries and wildlife, entomology, plant pathology, agronomy, animal science, agricultural economics, rural sociology and horticulture. The Center coordinates agroforestry activities for use in Missouri and adjacent areas of the Midwest.

Mission

To initiate, coordinate and enhance agroforestry activities to meet the

environmental, social and economic needs of land management within the state of Missouri, North America and the temperate zone worldwide.

Objectives

o Provide formal educational opportunities in agroforestry through the University of Missouri;

o Conduct, coordinate and promote interactive research on agroforestry practices to improve the production and protection functions of agricultural and forest lands;

o Conduct, coordinate and promote interdisciplinary research on the social and economic dimensions of agroforestry;

o Conduct, coordinate and promote interdisciplinary research on the policy dimensions of agroforestry;

o Develop and carry out a collaborative international agroforestry program in the areas of instruction, research and outreach;

o To conduct an outreach program in order to increase the awareness and adoption of agroforestry practices.

Research

Research, both basic and applied, is conducted in the biophysical and socio-economic sciences. Research fociinclude human dimensions of agroforestry adoption, alternative crop production, tree-crop interactions, genetic improvement of high-value trees, plant diversity and pest management, mitigation of non-point source pollution, shade and flood tolerance studies, and wood quality and utilization.

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University of Arizona School of Renewable Natural Resources

Teaching Agroforestry

Role of agroforestry in the sustainable development and conservation of arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Includes bio-physical, socio-economic and institutional issues. National and international perspectives.

Dryland Forest Management

Management of forest plantations, natural forests and woodlands, including bio-physical and socio-economic factors related to both conservation and sustainable development . Emphasis on role of woody plants in agroforestry practices in dryland regions.

Research topics include:

o Ecology and management of woodland communities;

o Silvopasture;

o Relationships between overstory and understory production;

o Assessment of agroforestry policies.

Northern Arizona University School of Forestry

Teaching

Forestry in Developing Countries

Agroforestry included among management techniques discussed for tropical and dryland forest ecosystems.

International

Companion planting of Milicia spp. in West Africa;

Mixed plantations of native tree species and agricultural crops; Intl Research. Alley Cropping.

Funding: International Tropical Timber Organization;

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21 Auburn University School of Forestry (Alabama)

International

Farming Systems Analysis in Cape Verde (Fuelwood, Fodder)

Seed Orchard Development in Kashmir, Pakistan (Fuelwood, Fodder, Intl Extension, Intl Training)

Funding: World Bank

Partners: Winrock Intl, Government of Kashmir

Stephen F. Austin State University College of Forestry

Research

1. Whitetailed deer in intensively managed pine plantations (Silvopasture, Forest Farming)

Funding: McIntire-Stennis, forest industry

2. Eco-physiology of bottomland hardwood forests (Riparian Buffers, Forest Farming)

Funding: McIntire-Stennis Partners: Nature Conservancy

3. Effects of thinning, pruning and fertilization on deer populations (Silvopasture, Forest Farming)

Funding: McIntire Stennis Partners: Temple Inland

University of California, Berkeley Dept. of Environmental Science, Policy & Management

This department was formed in 1993 by the merging of the Departments of Conservation and Resource Studies, Entomological Sciences, Forestry and Resource Management, Plant Pathology, and Soil Science. Each former department has world-recognized expertise in disciplines relevant to natural resource and environmental issues. The new Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management integrates these disciplines into a single academic unit which combines both disciplinary and

interdisciplinary graduate education. The expertise and multidisciplinary strengths of ESPM faculty help raise the environmental and scientific literacy of all students on the Berkeley campus, as well as develop in the program's graduate students the intellectual leadership required to conserve and wisely manage the Earth's resources.

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The Division of Ecosystem Sciences. Faculty and researchers in this division endeavor to understand the structure and function of agricultural lands, forests, grasslands, and their interaction with aquatic resources and wetlands. They investigate the role of human activity in ecosystems and pursue solutions to the problems humans create, including atmospheric change and ecological diversity.

Teaching

Agroforestry Systems (ESPM 184)

University of California, Davis

Teaching

Agroforestry: Global and Local Perspectives (ASE/IAD 160)

Traditional and evolving use of trees in agricultural ecosystems, their multiple roles in environmental stabilization and the production of food, fuel and fiber, and socioeconomic barriers to adoption.

California Polytechnic State University - Dept of Natural Resources Management

Course Concentration

Forest Resources-Management

Specialized areas of study are available through an emphasis in Hardwood Management or individualized studies in such areas as agroforestry, environmental studies, fish and wildlife management, parks and outdoor recreation,

Forest Resources-Watershed and Fire Management

Students examine all aspects of water resource management in various forest ecosystems.

Forest Resources-Urban Forestry

Management problems resulting from the continued trend of urbanization into the urban-wildland interface are studied. Urban Forestry focuses on the urban ecosystem including lesser vegetation, wildlife, and open space, as well as the trees.

Natural Resources Recreation

The natural resources recreation concentration prepares students for employment in the planning, interpretation, development, and management of governmental and private resource-based parks and other recreational lands.

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23 Environmental Management

The environmental management concentration prepares students for employment as professionals in the fields of forestry and natural resources management planning, environmental impact assessment and evaluation, and environmental policy analysis.

Wildlife Biology

The Wildlife Biology concentration offered by the Biological Sciences Department is available to Forestry and Natural Resources majors and prepares students for employment in the fish and wildlife areas of law enforcement, management, and production.

Teaching

1. Agroforestry (FNR 504)

Principles and practical applications of tree crop systems managed to provide food, fuel, fiber and fodder. Tree crop identification and tree product uses.

Plantation design, establishment, cultural practices. Integration of forest and range management.

2. Introduction to Agroforestry

Basic concepts of agroforestry and its application in both temperate and tropical ecosystems. Technology transfer and extension. Human relations in agroforestry. HRM techniques.

3. Applied Agroforestry

Place of agroforestry in forestland resource management. Agroforestry practices in Stewardship Incentive Program (SIP). Use of agroforestry with commercial tree or animal crops. Cost/benefit analysis.

Research

1. Biomass Energy Plantation

Field trial of 6 species, 3 spacings and 3 fertilizer treatments.

Funding: California Dept. of Forestry and Fire Protection

2. Eucalyptus for Agroforestry

Windbreaks, Alley Cropping

Funding: Eucalyptus Improvement Association

Partners: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, local Resource Conservation District.

Extension

Applied Agroforestry

Funding: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Resource Conservation District

Partners: Natural Resources Conservation Service, Resource Conservation District, California Dept. of Forestry & Fire Protection.

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International

Agroforestry and Social Forestry (Intl Exchange)

Funding: International Union of Forestry Research Organizations

Partners: International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, ITC (Netherlands)

Colorado State University Dept of Forest Sciences

Research

Marketing opportunities for Colorado wood producers Funding: Colorado State Experiment Station

Partners: Colorado State Forest Service

International

Economic analysis of agroforestry systems

Visiting scholar project. International Exchange Program

Funding: CONACYT (Mexico), CNPG (Brazil)

Partners: University of Chapingo (Mexico)

Cornell University Dept of Natural Resources

Teaching

Principles and Practices of Agroforestry (NTRES/Hort 415)

An introduction to modern and traditional agroforestry systems, including consideration of above and below ground interactions between woody and non-woody components, and biophysical and socioeconomic sustainability.

Case Studies and Special Topics in Agroforestry (NTRES 615)

Interdisciplinary groups of students examine case study examples of agroforestry practices in developed and developing countries.

Classroom

Research

Woods cultivated ginseng in New York and the Northeast: sustainable agroforestry

Funding: Hatch

Partners: Empire State Ginseng Growers Assoc., Wood Homestead Farms, and Sylvanbotanicals Inc.

Genetic improvement, propagation and agroforestry application with sugar maple

Funding: McIntire-Stennis

Partners: New York State Maple Producers Assoc., US Forest Service

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25 Evaluating the Potential of Specialty Products in Agroforestry Systems

Funding: National Agroforestry Center (USDA)

Partners: Natural Resources Conservation Service, US Forest Service

University of Florida School of Forest Resources and Conservation

The School offers graduate education at both the Master's and Doctorate levels. Students can earn the Master of Forest Resources and Conservation (MFRC, a non-thesis, and professional degree), the Master of Science (MS) and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degrees. Graduate education and research programs in a wide array of disciplines include:

o Agroforestry,

o Conservation and environmental education;

o Ecology and ecosystem management;

o Ecotourism;

o Geographic information systems;

o Water management;

o Natural resources policy;

o Reforestation and silviculture;

o Soils and forest nutrition;

o Short rotation woody crops;

o Urban forestry.

Graduate program requirements are flexible. Students work with a Graduate Advisor and supervisory committee to develop a program best suited to their needs and career goals. Currently approximately 60 graduate students in the School are working on a wide variety of research projects both here and abroad.

Teaching

Agroforestry:History, concepts and principles of agroforestry. Classification and spread of tropical agroforestry systems. Aspects of ecological and plant

productivity, soil productivity, social factors. Design and management. Temperate zone systems.

Research

Development of integrated agroforestry systems involving new and/or under exploited tree crops.

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Perdue University: Forestry and Natural Resources

Program

Students working with a faculty advisor, develop their own area of specialization. Potential areas of specialization are:

o Agroforestry o Business management o Forest products o International forestry o Outdoor recreation o Silviculture

The Department of Forestry and Natural Resources also offers graduate study leading to the degrees of Master of Science, Master of Science in Forestry, and Doctor of Philosophy in:

• Aquaculture

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

• Forestry Biology

• Ecology

• Tree Physiology

• Soils

• Silviculture

• Natural Resource and Environmental Policy

• Outdoor Recreation and Tourism

• Quantitative Resource Analysis

• Forestry Economics

• Biometry

• GIS and Remote Sensing

• Wildlife Science

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• Genetics

• Physiology

• Community Ecology

• Wood Science and Technology

Graduate programs in the department are supported by courses and personnel throughout the University. This broad-based support and departmental expertise give students the opportunity to design a program and pursue studies in their areas of interest.

The Master of Science in Forestry and the Master of Science are

research-oriented degrees that prepare individuals for employment in their area of specialty or may provide the educational background to continue toward the Ph.D. degree. Completion of an M.S. usually requires two years of study. An oral and/or written exam is given near the end of the program by the candidate's advisory committee. The Ph.D. is a research degree that prepares candidates for employment in teaching and research and is available to students who demonstrate superior ability for scholarly work and original research.

Teaching

Tropical Silviculture and Agroforestry

Ecology and physiology of tropical agroforestry systems

Research

Walnut - corn alley cropping

Funding: USDA NRI

Partners: Hugh Pence

Walnut - sheep silvopasture

Funding: USDA Fund for Rural America

Partners:

Developing agroforestry for the Midwestern U.S.

Determine types of agroforestry systems that may be applicable to the Midwest; quantify spatial and temporal cycles of carbon, water, energy and nutrients; and determine patterns of resource sharing.

Funding: Hatch

Sustaining row crop and fine hardwood productivity through alley cropping

Funding: Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education

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International

Ecology of home gardens in Yucatan, Mexico

Partners: University of Yucatan, University of California Riverside

Home garden and silvopasture in Honduras

Partners: Escuela Agricola Panamericana

Yale University

The Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree is conferred through the Graduate School of Yale University. Work toward this doctoral degree is directed by the Department of Forestry & Environmental Studies of the Graduate School, which is composed of the faculty of the School of Forestry & Environmental Studies. The degree of Doctor of Forestry and Environmental Studies (D.F.E.S., formerly designated as the Doctor of Forestry degree) is conferred through the School of Forestry & Environmental Studies. Doctoral work is concentrated in areas of faculty research, which currently encompass the following broad foci:

o Ecology,

o Ecosystems, and biodiversity;

o Environmental management in developing societies;

o Forest science and management;

o Global change science and policy;

o Health and environment;

o Industrial environmental management;

o Policy, economics, and the law;

o Social ecology, environmental planning, and design; and

o Coastal and watershed systems

Teaching

Community Forestry

Examination of practice, theory and methods used in social forestry projects and activities. Includes rapid rural appraisal techniques. Concentration on South and Southeast Asia and Africa. Socio-economic sustainability of resource practices.

Botanical Resources of the Tropics

Botany, economics, cultivation and utilization of tropical plants used by people for food, fuel, spices, perfumes, stimulants, narcotics, medicines, poisons, oil, gums, etc.

Seminar in Agroforestry Systems

Topics include agroforestry systems concepts, classification, components and their interactions, mechanisms of system functions, species choice and effects of trees on soil conservation.

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29 International

Development of Sustainable Management for Forests Funding: McCarthur, Norwegian Aid

Partners: UNW, Paradeniya, Sri Lanka

Evaluation of mixed plantation agroforests of native species

Funding: Mellon Foundation

Partners: OTS, La Selva; University of Costa Rica

University of Georgia Institute of Ecology

Teaching

Agroforestry/Agroecology

Problems with chemical agricutlure. Functions of nature that promote sustainability, nutrient recycling, pest control, etc.

Research

Alley cropping

Hedges, no-till cultivation, Alley Cropping.

Taungya5

Interplanting trees and horticultural crops, Alley Cropping.

International

Participatory farmer research - Brazil

Mixed species plantations, home gardens, International Research, Forest Farming, Alley Cropping

University of Hawaii, Manoa: Dept of Agronomy and Soil Science

Research

Develop viable cropping systems for Hawaii's, the Pacific, and the tropics through crop selection, improvement and management. The agronomic cropping systems of primary importance are the conventional field crops (annual, sole or multiple systems including sugarcane, pineapple and alternative field crops), pastoral and forage systems, and tree-based (agroforestry) systems. The approach to dealing with "agronomic crops" is quantitative and non-commodity specific.

The term is Burmese for "Hill Farming". In some cases, the agricultural crop is established before the tree crop, and in other cases, the agricultural crop and tree crop are established at the same time.

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Teaching

Instruction at the undergraduate level that leads to a B.S. degree in Agronomy and Soil Science that will permit graduates from the department to seek certification as certified professionals in agronomy or crop science.

Comprehensive instruction at the graduate level to permit students to compete in the United States and in their home countries for professional positions in crop science and related disciplines in universities, private industry, and government.

Tropical Forestry/Agroforestry (AGRN 480)

Distribution, species, productivity, nutrient cycling, hydrology, sustainability, modeling, design and future of tree-based land-use systems.

Forest/Agroforest Ecosystem Analysis (AGRN 680)

Quantitative analysis of ecosystem processes in tropical forests and agroforestry systems. Productivity, nutrient cycling, hydrology and interactions of processes will be examined using recent literature and computer models.

Kansas State University Dept of Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation

Teaching

Agroforestry Systems

Agroforestry fundamentals with international case studies and North American examples.

Classroom

Research

Agroforestry ecosystem management in the central plains states, U.S.A.

Establish an alley cropping system study to determine growth interactions between trees, crops and environment. Establish a riparian agroforestry study to determine best soil-root barrier to moving water.

Agroforestry: Alley cropping, species selection, riparian buffers

Partners: USDA Forest Service

University of Minnesota: Center for Integrated Natural Resources and Agricultural Management (CINRAM)

CINRAM is a partner-based organization that catalyzes the development and adoption of integrated land use systems. CINRAM links the expertise of the University of Minnesota with the experience and insights of people and

organizations who work with, and have an understanding of, opportunities and issues across the landscape.

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o Coordinating and implementing research and extension projects related to agroforestry and other integrated land use systems. Focus is on applied research on the financial impacts of specific agricultural and land use practices, so that farmers and landowners can evaluate potential profits of specific practices. Particular

emphasis and experience with economic and financial analysis of growing hybrid poplar as an alternative agricultural crop.

o Linking University educators, public agency staff, landowners, business people, and others interested in integrated land use;

o Promoting and conducting educational and training activities throughout Minnesota;

o Serving as a clearinghouse and referral center for agroforestry and integrated natural resources and agricultural management;

o Encouraging a landscape level, integrated watershed approach in natural resources and agricultural management.

CINRAM encourages:

o Practices that use the land to meet both present needs and to protect its long-term integrity.

o Build awareness of, and appreciation for, connections that already exist -- between field, forest and town, producer and consumer, land use and water quality, families and farms, and between urban and rural communities.

o Encourage profitable technologies and practices that mesh diverse land uses -- crop production and water quality maintenance,

agroforestry and wildlife protection, livestock production, and soil enhancement.

o Create connections among individuals -- researchers and farmers, agriculture and natural resource professionals, and local

government leaders and the University faculty, landowners and environmentalists, industry representatives and public agency staff -- who help make and implement land use decision.

Teaching

Agroforestry: Sustainable Production and Watershed Management

Overview of agroforestry practices and their role in achieving sustainable development. Emphasizes complementary relationships with watershed management. Examples from USA and overseas.

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Research

Evaluation of planted riparian forests - MN River

Funding: State of Minnesota (LCMR)

Partners: Minnesota River Joint Powers Board, Natural Resources Research Institute (Duluth), Minnesota Dept. of Natural Resources

National Assessment: Potential to incorporate short rotation woody crops in agroforestry

Block and linear plantings of short rotation woody crops for biomass

Funding: USDA Forest Service, Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Agroforestry Center

Partners: Minnesota Agroforestry Coalition, Dept. of Energy, WesMin

Effects of herbaceous and short rotation woody crops on nutrient and pesticide movement

Funding: USDA Forest Service, Dept of Energy

Partners: University of Minnesota Crookston

University of Nebraska, Lincoln Center for Sustainable Agricultural Systems

Research

- Responses of pest insects to climatic variables in Great Plains agroforestry systems

Windbreaks, Riparian Buffers, Silvopasture, Forest Farming

- Agroforestry and ecological concepts with agriculture

- Agroforestry and Sustainable Ag Systems

University of Nebraska, Lincoln: Dept of Forestry, Fisheries and Wildlife

Teaching

Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems

Covers windbreaks and shelterbelts, silvopasture, woodlot management and specialty crop intercropping systems. Emphasis is on temperate agro-ecosystems and how trees & woody plants can increase production, profit and environmental compatibility.

Research

Assessment of climatic change on a mixed agricultural landscape in the North American Great Plains

Funding: US Dept of Energy, GP, NIGEC

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Filter strip characteristics of riparian buffers

Funding: US Environmental Protection Agency, Nebraska DER

Partners: USDA National Agroforestry Center

Demonstration of buffer designs

Funding: USDA Forest Service

NPS runoff from small agricultural watersheds

Impacts of tree windbreaks on distribution of insect pests and their natural enemies in sustainable agricultural systems

Funding: Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education

Partners:

Modeling a shelterbelt agroforestry system

Funding: Cooperative State Research Education & Extension Service, NRICGP

Partners: Iowa State University

Integrated crop - livestock research for sustainable agriculture in Nebraska

Funding: Cooperative State Research Education & Extension Service

Partners:

Microclimatic impacts of shelterbelts in agroforestry ecosystems

Funding: Cooperative State Research Education & Extension Service, NRI

Partners: USDA Forest Service, Iowa State University

Plant selection guidelines for riparian buffers in the Great Plains

Relationships of woody and non-woody farm field edges on potential natural enemies of crop pests

Funding: ACE, Hatch

Riparian zones and water quality

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Partners: Biosystems Engineering

Integrated farming systems

Partners: USDA National Agroforestry Center, ARDC

Windbreak shelter effects

Funding: McIntire-Stennis, USDA

Partners: Iowa State University, Kansas State University

Natural enemies and crop pests in windbreaks

Extension

Windbreak technology

Funding: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Nebraska Forest Service, North Dakota State University

Partners: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Nebraska Forest Service, North Dakota State University

How to design riparian buffers

Funding: USDA National Agroforestry Center

Partners: USDA National Agroforestry Center, Iowa State University

Riparian buffer strips in-service training

Funding: University of Nebraska Lincoln Cooperative Extension

Extension forestry

Funding: University of Nebraska Lincoln Cooperative Extension

Partners: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, FSA, Nebraska Dept of Natural Resources

Conservation Tree Planting Funding: NRDS

Partners: Nebraska Forest Service

University of Idaho, College of Forestry, Wildlife and Range Sciences

The College of Forestry, Wildlife and Range Sciences consists of five

departments, which together form a comprehensive educational program on the study and management of natural resources. Each of the departments has several degree options to provide students with a flexible curriculum for the Bachelor of Science (B.S.). Graduate study for a Master of Natural Resources

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35 (MNR), Master of Science (M.S.), and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) is highly customized to the students interests and experience.

Undergraduate

o Ecology & Conservation Biology

o Fish & Wildlife Resources

o Forest Products

o Resource Recreation & Tourism

o Rangeland Ecology & Management

o Forest Resources

Graduate

o Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)

o Master of Science (M.S.)

o Master of Natural Resources (MNR)

Teaching

Agroforestry (Range/For 458/558)

Interdisciplinary approach to sustainable land use management that involves ecological, social and economic integration of forest and woodland production with grazing and/or agricultural crops.

Agroforestry Systems (Range/For 595b)

Analysis of interdisciplinary systems for sustainable management of various crop and animal requirements under specific ecological constraints to meet varying conditions, as well as social and economic requirements.

Silvopastoralism (Range/For 595a)

Interdisciplinary approach to sustainable management of pasture lands that involves ecological, social and economic integration of trees shrubs and herbaceous vegetation with animal use.

Plant-Soil Relationships in Agroforestry Systems (Range/For 595c)

Analysis of above and below ground factors under various agroforestry and silvopastoral systems and the interaction with varying organic and inorganic elements as well as plants and animals.

Agroforestry Summer Field Course (Range/For 595d)

Analysis of agroforestry practices and systems under varying climatic, edaphic, animal and socio-economic constraints.

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Research

A soil-site study of three major windbreak species in North Dakota

Develop soil-site estimating equations for predicting height growth of appropriate species. Windbreaks

Funding: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service

Partners: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service

Agroforestry conservation trees in urban areas

Taking rural experience in agroforestry to urban environments.

Funding: US Agency for International Development

Wood ash as a chemical soil additive in an agroforestry practice

Partners: USDA

Water balance development with agroforestry

Soil stabilization with agroforestry

Funding: US Agency for International Development

Partners: US Agency for International Development

Silvopastoral management by site class and livestock use in Idaho

Silvopasture, forage production and tree growth.

Funding: McIntire-Stennis, USDA Forest Service

Partners: USDA Forest Service

Role of trees in soil fertility circulation on farmlands

Agroforestry for soil rehabilitation

Funding: Forest Fertilization Coop.

Riparian buffer strip agroforestry for protection of water quality

Riparian Buffers

Funding: Policy Analysis Group

Silvopastoralism with sheep as a silvicultural management tool in conifer plantations

Funding: US Agency for International Development, McIntire-Stennis

Partners: US Agency for International Development, USDA

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37 Extension

Agroforestry to stabilize depleted farmland in Palouse farming region of Idaho

Use of poplar for site stabilization in the Palouse Prarie farming region of Idaho and Washington

Use of poplar varieties along streams and drainage channels for site stabilization and erosion control.

Farm forestry for conservation and fuelwood production

Field Day, Publication

Funding: Nat'l Arbor Day Foundation

Partners: Nat'l Arbor Day Foundation

Use of black locust for site stabilization in the Palouse Prarie farming region of Idaho and Washington

Black locust for site rehabilitation and stabilization on eroded farmlands. Field Day, Publication

Funding: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Idaho Wildlife Dept.

Partners: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Idaho Wildlife Dept.

Use of Geographic Information System in preparing silvopastoral management plans in the Western U.S. prarie regions

Workshop, Field Day, Publication Silvopasture

Funding: USDA

Partners: USDA

Idaho Agroforestry Coalition

Coordination of agroforestry implementation activities through federal, state and NGO groups.

Workshop, Field Day, Publication

Agroforestry conservation in communities

Workshop, Publication, Field Day, Video

Funding: Nat'l Arbor Day Foundation