Project FP7 – SMARTCITIES – 2013
Grant Agreement n°: 609211
Green nEtworked data centres as energY proSumErs in smaRt city environments
Enabling Green Data Centres in Smart Cities
Massimo Bertoncini, Engineering Ingegneria Informatica, Project Coordinator
Vasiliki Georgiadou , Green IT Amsterdam
Project Identity Card
•
Acronym
: GEYSER
•
Full Title
:
Green nEtworked data centres as energY proSumerS
in smaRt city encironments
•
Starting Date:
1 November 2013
•
Duration
:
36 months
•
EU Maximum financial grant
: 2.979.000
,00 €
•
Partners
: 10
•
Country coverage
:
Italy, Greece, Ireland, Romania, Germany
Switzerland, The Netherlands
GEYSER Consortium
Academy/R&D
TUC, RWTH, ZHAW
Industrial Players:
ICT Players (
ENG, SiLO
)
Smart Grids/Data Centres
Technology/Solution Providers
(
ABB
)
Smart Energy Intelligent SaaS
Providers (
Wattics
)
End users
ASM Terni (
Power DSO
)
SARA (
DC Operator
),
GITA (
Green IT/Smart City
)
ENG (DC Owner/Cloud Service
Provider)
Builds on the legacy of the FP7 GAMES
European R&D project
•
Data centre energy efficiency is clearly becoming more and more an
urgent issue to address for DC Operation and Strategic Managers
–
Need to focus on intelligent solutions addressing DC
performance
AND
energy
management
and optimization
•
One solution to mitigate energy costs has recently been data/application
migration
trend towards free-cooled data centres located in Norway,
Iceland or in the middle of some cold nowhere (“follow-the-least-energy
cost” strategy)
–
Major drawbacks
•
Customers security concerns
•
Data networking costs are not negligible
and affect the overall performance cost
•
Only a financial-driven exercise
•
No impact on the overall environmental sustainability and resource efficiency
•
On the other hand a significant share of data centres are situated within
Smart City and Local
Self-sustainable
systems
•
The trend is for managing and solving locally (at district/city levels) the
major city challenges/requirements, reducing in this way value chain
length and costs (es. Sustainable agriculture, zero waste, local energy
supply systems reducing transmission losses)
•
The long-term goal is to
move forward towards sustainable locally
optimized urban contexts
Local Sustainable Energy Supply Systems
•
Rising shares of fluctuating Renewable Energy Sources (PV farms, Wind
farms, biomass) are distributed along Low or Medium Voltage branches of
the electricity networks
•
However electricity networks traditionally are not specifically designed to
accommodate such surplus power and, above all, the bi-directional power
flow occurring when a surplus of power locally generated could not be
consumed close to the generation point and should be transported
somewhere
•
The integration of the power generated by distributed RESs has posing
serious stability and security problems to the power network operators
•
Smart Grid has emerged in the last years as an effective organizational
and technological paradigm
to allow power distributors to proactively
manage their actual power network, and accordingly defer significant
investments for grid expansion
Smart grids: Flexible Management of Active Energy
Resources (1/2)
Smart grids: Flexible Management of Active Energy
Resources (2/2)
Peak
Shaving
Load Levelling
Power back to grid
Power back to grid
Optimized consumption
The state of the art…
•
No active links among DCs and
Smart Cities (no energy exchange)
•
No or very few links with other
DCs (no or very few IT load
exchange)
Data Centre versus System-level Energy Efficiency
•
Urban Data Centres are operated in uncoordinated way
•
Their
Energy efficiency has been so far addressed in an optimal, yet
isolated way
•
Urban Data Centres have a large yet largely unexploited potential to
contribute to
smart city local energy consumption optimization and smart
grid optimized operation..
•
...provided that DCs would
decide to come out from their “ivory tower”
•
Energy efficiency should be addresses in a holistic way, by considering the
interaction of Data Centres with the relevant stakeholders within urban
contexts (electricity distributors, district heating operators, energy
Towards a new active role for Data Centres
•
DCs are expected to turn on into flexible energy players at the crossroads
of Smart City and Smart Energy Grids
•
DCs may become collaborative stakeholders within the framework of
upper level smart city ecosystems
•
DC Energy Efficiency should be managed in synergistic combined way
with system-level energy efficiency
•
DC may gain substantial (financial) benefits from the integration and
collaboration with Utilities (Power Distributors, Energy Traders,...)
–
Acting as Energy Prosumers matching utilities reqs may lower DC Energy
Efficiency or Operational Performance (and potentially infringe SLAs with
customers)
–
However fair incentive sharing will reward DC at the extent to outperform
penalties due to lowering of energy efficiency or operational performance
The GEYSER vision…
Think Global
Act Local
Data centres as active connection hubs at the
crossroads of Data and Energy Networks
The GEYSER approach for integrating Data Center in
Smart grids and Smart City
•
Data Centres as adjustable adaptive power consumers
•
“Follow-the-sun” strategies
–
Use intermittent renewable energy sources when they are available
•
Innovative Value Proposition and Novel service offering to
–
smart grids and utilities operators
•
System services
offering tailored to
local balancing markets
(Voltage regulation,
reactive power, congestion management, load leveling, peak shaving
–
Energy (power, heat) retailers/suppliers/traders and Smart Ditrict/City Energy
Manager
•
Energy consumption flexibility to optimize the global district/city energy
consumption
What we are doing
•
A
monitoring and control middleware framework
to be deployed through a set of
fully modular plug-ins to current data centres which will include:
•
An
optimized intelligent pervasive sensing and monitoring infrastructure
, which
combine techniques from intelligent processing (data mining, learning) and
pervasive sensing aimed at:
–
off-line energy load profiling
–
on-line sensing in real time the actual energy consumption of IT infrastructure
(servers) and facility infrastructure, and forecast the energy consumption in
the coming time snapshots
•
A
real time data centre multidimensional optimization control tool
, which will
produce energy sub-optimal actuation strategies for the cooling subsystems by
trading off energy demand of IT infrastructure and cooling, energy flexibility
management, renewable energy source supply, network traffic increase over the
net against penalties for potential violation of SLAs.
•
A smart grid real time green energy marketplace
, which includes a smart districts
energy management broker and a smart energy (both power and heat) grid
The GEYSER Framework High Level Architecture
Non-IT Energy Sinks
Monitoring & Control Monitoring & ControlIT Energy Sinks
Renewable Energy Sources
Monitoring & Control Sources Monitoring & ControlNon-Renewable Energy
Real-time Energy Monitoring/Sensing & Adaptive Control Subsystem
Smart Grid/Smart City Interface Subsystems Data Centre Adaptive IT
Load Migration Broker
Data Centre Energy Budget Broker
Continuous Monitoring, Feedback & Adaptive Control
Customers QoS & SLA Negotiation Broker
Energy-Budget Situational Awareness
Closed Loop Control for IT Load
Optimization
Closed Loop Control for Energy
Optimization Real-time Multi-criteria
Energy Optimizer
DC Real-time Multi-criteria Energy Efficiency Optimization
Monitoring & On Demand Adaptive Control
Adaptive IT Load Migration Broker
Network of DCs Energy Budget Broker Customers QoS &
SLA Negotiation Broker
Network of DCs Multi-criteria Energy Optimizer
Network of DCs Multi-criteria Energy Efficiency Optimization
Data Security & Privacy
Real-time Energy Marketplace Broker
Continuous Sensing & Control
Smart Grid/Smart City Integration
DC level local optimization
DC level local optimization
• monitor, control, reuse and optimize their overall ENERGY
consumption & production
, from renewable energy sources in
particular, within the framework of a unified representation of energy
Smart Grid & Smart City level global optimization
Smart Grid & Smart City level global optimization
• actively involved as energy
prosumers
within a smart city green
energy marketplace
Virtual Data Centre
Virtual Data Centre
• positioned at the forefront of a
distributed computing architecture
in
a cloud-oriented networked scenario
Our Approach: 4 Scenarios…
Scenario
"10"-Workload
Federated Data
Centres
Scenario
"10"-Workload
Federated Data
Centres
Scenario
"11"-Workload and
Energy
Federated Data
Centres
Scenario
"11"-Workload and
Energy
Federated Data
Centres
Scenario
"00"-Single Data
Centre within a
Smart
City/District
Scenario
"00"-Single Data
Centre within a
Smart
City/District
Scenario
"01"-Data Centres as
coordinated
energy elements
within a Smart
City/District
Scenario
"01"-Data Centres as
coordinated
energy elements
within a Smart
City/District
Coordinated Energy
Management
Energy (Power,
Heat) Trader
DSO
Network
Technical
constraints
mgmt
Smart City
Energy Mix
Demand
Power
request
Heat
request
Marketplace
Networked Data
Center IT
Workload
adaptation
Bid PlacementUrban Data
Center
Heat
Power
DSO
Urban Data
Center
Load
Flexibility
Aggregation
Local Balancing
Market
Networked Data
Center IT
Workload
adaptation
Building prosumer
Smart district
Node
The GEYSER Data Model
GEYSER does not reinvent the wheel but
•
builds upon EU FP7 GAMES data model
•
integrates with EU FP7 COOPERATE Neighbourhood Information Model
DC Internal Context
DC Internal Context
DC Components
DC Components
Energy Consumption
Energy Consumption
Energy Production
Energy Production
DC Energy Efficient
Optimization Actions
DC Energy Efficient
Optimization Actions
DC Energy Efficient
Indicators
DC Energy Efficient
Indicators
DC External Context
DC External Context
DC Energy Consumption Components DC Energy Consumption Components Non-IT Components Non-IT Components Facility Facility Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning Heat Recovery Infrastructure Heat Recovery Infrastructure Lighting Lighting Building
Building Building Energy Management System Building Energy Management System IT Equipment IT Equipment Simple Components Simple Components Servers Servers Storage Storage Network Network Power Distribution Power Distribution
DC Energy Production Components DC Energy Production
Components
Green Energy Sources Green Energy Sources
PV PV Wind Wind Geothermal Geothermal
Brown Energy Sources
Brown Energy Sources Diesel GeneratorDiesel Generator
On-site Energy Storage Components On-site Energy Storage
Components UPSUPS
DC EE Optimization Actions DC EE Optimization Actions Energy Consumption Energy Consumption Non-IT Resources Non-IT Resources Dynamic adjustment of temperature, humidity, and
lighting
Dynamic adjustment of temperature, humidity, and
lighting
Heat Storage (pre-cooling) and release
Heat Storage (pre-cooling) and release
UPS-based, compressed air storage systems, flywheel, ice
storage tanks
UPS-based, compressed air storage systems, flywheel, ice
storage tanks IT Resources IT Resources Load Management Load Management Energy aware load management Energy aware load management Dynamic Power Management Dynamic Power Management Turn on/off DC components Turn on/off DC components Energy Production Energy Production Maximise utilization of green energy produced
Maximise utilization of green energy produced
DC Monitored Parameters DC Monitored Parameters Energy / Power consumption (loads) Energy / Power consumption (loads) IT IT Cooling Cooling Transformer Transformer Lighting Lighting Building Building Energy produced locally (electricity or heat) Energy produced locally (electricity or heat) Heating recovered Heating recovered
Power demand shifting Power demand shifting
CO2 emissions CO2 emissions Performance Performance Economic performance Economic performance Applications performance Applications performance
Data Model integrated with EU EEB Model via FP7
COOPERATE model
The System Architecture: a possible pilot site
instance
GEYSER Platform
Wattics APIBMS
DC Infrastructure Equipment(power meters, CRAHs,…)
OPC Server OPC Client History DB History DB Open Source
GEYSER DB
Open SourceOptimization
Engine
Cloud
OPC SNMP Display Web Page Modbus TCP Interface Wattics DB Insights Wattics DB InsightsWattics
ODBC ODBC InterfaceInterfaceEnergy
Market
Weather
Forecast
Open Source Communication Layer DC IT Equipment (servers,…)ABB Decathlon
The GEYSER Simulation Environment
•
All components related to data centres and smart cities are to be represented as
models
•
Hardware In the Loop: different components in the simulation can be replaced with
real hardware:
Hot Aisle Chiller Chiller Racks Racks Hydraulic Interface Thermal Interface Data Centre SimulatorSmart City Simulator Grid Simulator Simulated Onsite Energy Generator Electrical Interface Energy Market
•
Real time testing of the
complete data centre
and interaction with the
Grid
•
Detailed testing of the
data centre operation
and its components
with a limited model of
the grid
•
Power Hardware in the
Loop of the efficiency of
the cooling of one or
GEYSER Main Innovations
•
New generation of DCs as key players in the smart energy city and/or
smart grids/DSO
•
Considering DC as a stakeholder exchanging ENERGY, including electricity
AND heating/cooling
•
DC-level optimized management of energy, including DCs Renewable
Energy Source
powered or with green energy contracted at the meter
•
Comprehensive set of Local Balancing Services offered to DSO/electricity
operator (e.g. Ancillary services like voltage regulation, demand
response/consumption flexibility), going beyond Demand Response
•
DC participating to the Optimized ENERGY management of a Smart
District/Smart City
by Energy provisioning to the Local Energy Marketplace
•
Cooperative business models (and enabling IT platform) for nurturing DC
cooperation among all the DC ecosystem stakeholders (DCs, energy
providers, DSOs, DC End users) by fair incentive sharing
•
Optimized ENERGY green energy usage as “rational” behavioural strategy
of DCs participating to Smart City real time green energy-led marketplaces
The journey has just begun...fancy for more?
http://www.geyser-project.eu/
,
http://www.linkedin.com/groups/Networked-Data-Centres-Smart-Grids-7485057
,
or just contact us
Any questions?
