Flooring

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Floor Covering

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Floor Treatments

• Floor treatments are categorized as:

– flooring materials, which refer to treatments

that are structurally part of a floor and serve as its top surface.

– _{floor coverings, which are treatments attached}

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Flooring Materials

• Common flooring materials include:

– wood

– ceramic tile – concrete

– masonry – terrazzo

• Flooring materials do not include the

underlayment or subfloor.

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Wood Flooring Materials

• Popular hardwood species are:

– oak, birch, beech, and hard maple.

• Popular softwood species are:

– fir, larch, hemlock, and southern pine.

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Strip Flooring

• This hardwood

flooring uses strips of various lengths held together by

tongue-and-groove joints.

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Wood Planks

• These are wider than strip flooring and generally

appear more rustic.

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Wood Block Flooring

• Each square of this wood block floor is made of several short pieces glued together.

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Slat Block Flooring

• The herringbone pattern is made by individually laying each piece of slat block.

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Wood Flooring Boards

• The kitchen's wood flooring shows through the painted pattern for an interesting effect.

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Ceramic Tile Flooring Materials

• Ceramic tile flooring:

– is very popular and will last indefinitely. – requires little maintenance.

– is expensive to install – is cool to the touch.

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Ceramic Tile Flooring Materials

• Glazed tile:

– is available in many colors and patterns.

– may have double- or triple-glazing for extra durability.

– is especially popular for bathroom and kitchen floors.

– does not require waxing or special care.

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Glazed Ceramic Tile

• Glazed tile in kitchens is attractive, easy to maintain, and

resistant to traffic.

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Ceramic Mosaic Tile

• Ceramic mosaic tile is frequently used for

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Quarry Tile

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Floor Coverings

• Floor coverings play a large and important

role in the total design of a room or area.

• They require a substantial investment.

• The main types of floor coverings are:

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Soft Floor Coverings

• Soft floor coverings include

– carpeting – rugs

• Carpeting, unlike a rug, is fastened

directly to the floor and usually covers

the floor area.

• The fibers, construction, texture, and

density determine the characteristics of

soft floor covering.

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A Carpeted Floor

• The carpeting ties the room's design together and

provides a

functional floor covering.

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Soft Floor Coverings

• No single fiber is ideal for all carpeting.

• Durability, resilience, color retention,

and ease of cleaning are factors to

consider for a soft floor covering.

• Most carpets and rugs are made from

manufactured fibers (mainly nylon,

acrylic, polyester, and olefin).

• Wool is still used somewhat.

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Soft Floor Coverings

• Construction is a factor in a carpet's

appearance, wearability, quality, and

price.

• The basic construction techniques are:

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Carpet Construction Techniques

• The techniques for making soft floor coverings affect appearance and durability.

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Soft Floor Coverings

• The five basic types of carpet texture are:

– cut

– level-loop

– multi-level loop – cut and loop

– shag pile

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Varied Pile Textures

• Construction techniques

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Soft Floor Coverings

• Yarns may be cut, uncut, set in different

lengths, twisted, or untwisted to create

carpeting texture.

• Pile density is a key factor in the quality

of a carpet.

• With denser pile, a carpet usually wears

longer.

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Carpet Pile Density

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Soft Floor Coverings

• Room-size rugs:

– leave a border of the room's floor exposed. – are available in standard 9' x 12', 12' x 12',

and 12' x 15' sizes.

• Area rugs:

– are sized to emphasize or define certain areas of a room.

– come in many colors, textures, sizes, and shapes to enhance a design.

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An Area Rug

• This area rug unifies the furniture grouping.

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Soft Floor Coverings

• Scatter rugs:

– are generally smaller and less formal than area rugs.

– reduce wear on the underlying floor. – provide accents of color.

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A Scatter Rug

• Scatter rugs can add color to a room and provide a slip-proof area for standing.

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Resilient Floor Covering

• A

resilient floor covering

is a smooth,

hard material in sheet or tile form that

returns to its original shape.

• The main types are:

– asphalt – cork

– rubber – vinyl

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Most Common Resilient Floor

Covering

• Vinyl Tiles:

– in 9" or 12" squares are usually cemented or taped to the floor.

• Vinyl Sheet materials:

– may be laid loose or attached to the floor. – come in a roll with standard widths of 6', 9',

and 12'.

– are favored for areas where spills may seep into the cracks between tiles.

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Vinyl Tiles

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Floor Treatments: Appearance

• Floor covering can convey a warm or cool

feeling.

– Generally, smooth treatments generate a cool atmosphere.

– Textured treatments such as carpeting convey a feeling of warmth.