Presidential Policy Directive (PPD) 8 , 2011
Prevention
means the capabilities necessary to avoid, deter, or stop an imminent crime or threatened or
actual mass casualty incident from occurring.
Protection
means the capabilities to secure schools against acts of violence and manmade or natural
disasters. Protection focuses on ongoing actions that protect students, teachers, staff, visitors, networks, and
property from a threat or hazard.
Mitigation
means the capabilities necessary to eliminate or reduce the loss of life and property damage by
lessening the impact of an event or emergency, also means reducing the likelihood that threats and hazards
will happen.
Response
means the capabilities necessary to stabilize an emergency once it has already happened or is
certain to happen in an unpreventable way; establish a safe and secure environment; save lives and
property; and facilitate the transition to recovery.
PLANNING PRINCIPLES
•
Planning must be supported by leadership
•
Planning uses assessment to customize plans to the building level
•
Planning considers all threats and hazards
•
Planning provides for the access and functional needs of the whole
school community
•
Planning considers all settings and all times
•
Creating and revising a model emergency operations plans is done
For an evacuation function
three possible goals are
•
Function Goal Example 1 (
before
): Ensure all students
and staff know their evacuation route.
•
Function Goal Example 2 (
during
): Evacuate the school
immediately.
•
Function Goal Example 3 (
after
): Confirm that all
RISK VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
•
Probability or frequency
of occurrence (i.e., how often a threat or
hazard may occur);
•
Magnitude
(i.e., the extent of expected damage);
•
Time available to warn
staff, students, and visitors;
Ø
IS 100 Introduction to Incident Command System
Ø
IS 700 National Incident Management System
Ø
NJ Disaster Response Crisis Counselor DRCC
Ø
Engaged partnership (ARC, VOAD, NGO)
Ø
Tiered response
Ø
Scalable, flexible, adaptable operational capabilities
Ø
Unity of effort through unified command -ICS
Ø
Readiness to act
ICS Readiness Assessment
• Are your school’s emergency operations plan, policies, and procedures consistent with the ICS
principles?
• Do you have the needed communications and other equipment, and vests, badges, or other supplies to implement ICS?
• Can responders from different agencies (e.g., fire, police, public works) communicate with
school personnel during an emergency?
• Have you identified qualified personnel to assume ICS Command and General Staff position Do you have sufficient backup personnel for all key ICS positions?
• Have you identified potential locations for ICS facilities (e.g., Incident Command Post, Staging Area, Base, Camp, Helispots, etc.)?
• Do you practice applying ICS during drills and planned events?
• Within the past year, have you conducted an exercise practicing Unified Command with different agencies?
Getting prepared
•
Is there a written plan?
•
Does it follow the FEMA model and identify an Incident
Commander?
•
Do all team members have a copy of the plan?
•
Have they read their sections?
•
Do all members know their responsibilities in advance?
•
Have all staff members who will be involved in each phase of the
response been appropriately trained?
•
Who is in charge of what? For example, who handles the press?
•
Most importantly, who is the designated incident
Getting prepared 2
•
Does the plan cover all stages and various degrees of crises?
•
Have you initiated the emergency call-up system?
•
Do you have a chart to help organize members? (See Underwood &
Dunne-Maxim, 1997). How fast can the team be mobilized following this initial call?
•
What if you need more help?
•
Whom can you call outside the team?
•
Whom can you count on? (Being involved with community agencies and
Exercise the Plan
•
Tabletop exercises
: small-group discussions that walk through a
scenario and the courses of action a school will need to take
before, during, and after
•
Drills:
During drills, school personnel and community partners
(e.g., first responders, local emergency management staff) use
the actual school grounds and buildings to practice
•
Functional exercises:
Functional exercises are similar to drills but
involve multiple partners; some may be conducted district-wide.
Participants react to realistic simulated events (e.g., a bomb
threat, or an intruder with a gun in a classroom), and
•
implement the plan and procedures using the ICS.
Functional Annexes
•
Evacuation
•
Lockdown
•
Shelter-in-place
•
Accounting for all persons
•
Communications & Warning
•
Family Reunification
•
Continuity of operations
•
Fiscal Recovery
Basic Objectives of the PFA-S Provider
✔
To establish a positive connection with students and staff members in a
non-intrusive, compassionate manner
✔
To enhance immediate and ongoing safety and provide physical and
emotional comfort
✔
To calm and orient emotionally overwhelmed or distraught students and
staff
✔
To help students and staff members identify their immediate needs and
concerns
✔
To offer practical assistance and information to help students and staff
members address their immediate needs and concerns
✔
To connect students and staff members as soon as possible to social
support networks, including family members, friends, coaches, and other
school or community groups
✔
To empower students, staff, and families to take an active role in their
recovery, by acknowledging their coping efforts and strengths, and
supporting adaptive coping
✔
To make clear your availability and (when appropriate) link the student and
staff to other relevant school or community resources such as school
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLANNING FOR K-12
SCHOOLS
• School Emergency Plans https://www.ready.gov/school-emergency-plans • Emergency Management Institute (includes online training)
https://training.fema.gov/programs/emischool/emischool.aspx/el361toolkit/sampleformschec klistsexercises.htm
• REMS (Readiness & Emergency Management for Schools, US DOE Technical assistance center)
https://training.fema.gov/programs/emischool/emischool.aspx/el361toolkit/sampleformschec klistsexercises.htm
• REMS Interactive Tools http://rems.ed.gov/EOPInteractivetools.aspx
• REMS Evaluation of the EOP http://rems.ed.gov/EOPEvalTool/K12IHEevalTool.aspx
• US Department of Homeland Security https://www.dhs.gov/school-safety • Grants program FY2016
https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/114411
• Red Cross Resources for Schools (Pillowcase Project & Masters of Disaster)
• http://www.redcross.org/get-help/prepare-for-emergencies/resources-for-schools#/Masters-of%20Disaster
• Emergency Planning for NJ School Leaders
http://www.state.nj.us/njoem/plan/preparedness_school.html
