INPROCESS TRAINING OVERVIEW

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INPROCESS

TRAINING

OVERVIEW

Summary of Inprocess’ Training Courses:

 Introduction to Steady State Process Simulation

 Steady State Process Simulation (Oil & Gas Focus)

 Steady State Process Simulation (Natural Gas Focus)

 Steady State Process Simulation (Refinery Focus)

 Process Control for Process Engineers using Dynamic Simulation

 Simulation for Process Control Engineers

 Dynamic Process Simulation

 Improving Refinery Operations through Process Simulation

 Advanced Steady State Process Simulation

Other Software

 Interfacing with simulation cases

 Flare Systems Modelling

 Designing and Rating Heat Exchangers

 Refinery-wide Modelling

 Polymer Processes Modelling

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Training is an essential element for any organization’s success. Inprocess has a commitment to quality and a reputation of excellence making sure we offer you cost-effective complete training solutions.

Courses delivered by inprocess staff have helped process technicians, engineers, and scientists to understand and apply innovative simulation techniques. We are able to offer both standard and tailored training courses using real world examples.

Inprocessoffers a broad variety of training services for implementation, maintenance and updating of knowledge on process simulation technology.

Inprocess courses:

 offer training in the use of Process Simulators as well as acquiring the engineering knowledge and industry best practice to obtain the largest possible benefits from these tools

 are directed at improving your ability and confidence in the use of technology, in parallel with a deeper understanding of the processes with the object of solving industry problems as efficiently as possible.

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USTOMIZED FOR YOU

Inprocess uses a modular approach to courses and seminars. This allows us to readily change the amount of

emphasis on specific areas or to add, subtract, or re-order modules with minimal effort. Some of our most popular combinations of modules are available in pre-packaged sets:

 Introduction to Steady State Process Simulation

 Improving Refinery Operations through Process Simulation

 Process Control for Process Engineers using Dynamic Simulation

The courses we offer are tailored to specific industries, for example we have courses based on the offshore oil and gas industry, the refining industry or the air separation industry. In addition, customization for with specific examples and content for your plant is available as well.

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Our courses are based on hands-on training. Theory is introduced and covered to the extent necessary to ensure understanding of correct principles for practical use. However, the real heart of the material focuses on the many aspects of application of knowledge to the plant. Principles are presented, and then examined in application in case studies from actual operating units.

Training is held in small groups to increase involvement and keep everyone's interest high. Our training helps operators and engineers optimize a broad range of different process units by:

 Selected examples, meaningful for your units, emphasize the basic points and show how to approach real problems and produce results.

 Course sections customized to fit your plant and process to improve applicability and knowledge retention.

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Table of Content

1 Introduction ... 5

1.1 Inprocess Training Course advantages ... 5

2 Training Approach ... 7

2.1 Three-way training approach to process simulation ... 7

3 Inprocess Training & Software Support Expertise ... 9

3.1 Dr. Josep Anton Feliu ... 9

3.2 Dr. Miquel Àngel Alós ... 9

3.3 Dr. María Jesús Guerra ... 9

3.4 Manel Serra ... 9

3.5 Dr. Rodolfo Tona ... 9

3.6 Stefano Signor ... 10

3.7 Marc Massó ... 10

3.8 Josep Daví ... 10

4 Training Courses Delivery Models ... 11

4.1 Standard Classroom Training ... 11

4.2 2+2 Training ... 11

4.3 Inprocess Knowledge Improvement Programme (KIP) ... 11

4.4 Inprocess Training Programme ... 11

4.5 Custom Training Courses ... 12

4.6 Training Follow-Up ... 12

5 Inprocess Standard Training Courses ... 13

5.1 Introduction to Steady State Process Simulation ... 13

5.2 Steady State Process Simulation (Oil & Gas Focus) ... 15

5.3 Steady State Process Simulation (Natural Gas Focus) ... 19

5.4 Steady State Process Simulation (Refinery Focus) ... 23

5.5 Process Control for Process Engineers using Dynamic Simulation ... 25

5.6 **Simulation for Process Control Engineers* ... 29**

5.7 Dynamic Process Simulation ... 33

5.8 Improving Refinery Operations through Process Simulation ... 35

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5.12 Flare System Modelling ... 41

5.13 Designing and Rating Heat Exchangers ... 43

5.14 Refinery-wide Modelling ... 45

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NTRODUCTION

The inprocess Training Overview document has been compiled to reflect the diversity of the process simulation user community concerning the level of existing expertise as well as the type of applications and processes the tools are applied to.

The Training Programmes described here can be further customized to the client’s exact needs – e.g. depending on the number of engineers to be trained and/or to focus on a specific technology.

1.1 INPROCESS TRAINING COURSE ADVANTAGES

The following aspects positively influence the quality and effectiveness of inprocess Process Simulation Training Courses:

 Experience of Trainer: Inprocess uses only trainers with a minimum of 5 years of relevant process simulation

experience (3 years for basic courses). This ensures that most questions asked by the attendees during a training course can be answered.

 Quality of Course Content and Training Material: The training course has been recently developed based on

more than 30 person-years of training experience.

 Three Way approach: Combination of underlying chemical and process engineering foundations with

software knowledge and its application to real world examples makes the learning extremely effective and ensures the concepts acquired are fully consolidated

 Process-specific content: If needed, inprocess offers training courses specific to one family of process – e.g.

refining.

 Flexibility: The inprocess Training Programme can be used as a “Training Tool-Box” and client-specific

training module combinations with a specific focus (e.g. compressors) can be developed. Furthermore, it is possible to develop additional modules based on client’s own examples

 Language: The training can be carried out in English, French, Italian, and Spanish – improving the

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Inprocess’ Training Catalogue

D ay s B as ic Int e rm e di at e A dv anc e d O il & G as N at ur al G as R e fi ni ng P e tr oc he m ic al s E& C

Introduction to Steady State Process Simulation 3 X X X X X X Steady State Process Simulation (Oil & Gas Focus) 3 X X X X Steady State Process Simulation (Natural Gas Focus) 3 X X X X

Steady State Process Simulation (Refinery Focus) 3 X X X X

Process Control for Process Engineers using Dynamic Simulation 3 X X X X X X

Simulation for Process Control Engineers 3 X X X X X X

Dynamic Process Simulation 3 X X X X X X

Improving Refinery Operations through Process Simulation 3 X X

Advanced Steady State Process Simulation 2 X X X X X X

Interfacing with simulation cases 1 X X X X X X

Flare System Modelling 1 X X X X X X

Designing and Rating Heat Exchangers 2 X X X X X X

Refinery-wide Modelling 3 X X

Polymer Process Modelling using Aspen Plus and Aspen Polymers 3 X X X Level Vertical Process Simulation Courses Other Technology Courses

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2.1 THREE-WAY TRAINING APPROACH TO PROCESS SIMULATION

When training engineers in the use of process simulation software, it is important to not only focus on the software aspects of the technology, but also consider the underlying engineering technology (which might have been forgotten) and its application to real-life problems. This three-way approach is visualized in Figure 1 and Figure 2 below:

Figure 1: Three Way approach to Process Simulation Training

Figure 2: Examples for each of the three dimensions of the three-way approach

When missing any one of these three aspects, it is likely that the technology training will not deliver to its expectation.

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Process Simulator

Chemical Engineering Fundamentals for Process Modelling

How to use the software How to apply it to Real Processes

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Process Simulator

Thermodynamics Heat Transfer Distillation Unit Operations Reaction Engineering User Interface Components Unit Operations Flowsheeting Case Studies Reports Gas Processing Upstream Oil Refining Petrochemicals Chemicals

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Inprocess’ engineers were involved in developing and delivering training in Process Simulation (steady state &

dynamic) to the major energy companies. Inprocess’ engineers have been developing and managing training programs in ENI, Shell, CEPSA, Repsol, Saudi Aramco, BP, BASF, UBE Chemicals, Technip and others. Specific examples are Educational Programmes on Oil Refining, Gas Compression and Modelling of off-shore Oil & Gas platforms.

Dr. Josep Anton Feliu is inprocess’ Training Product Manager. Dr. Feliu’s task is supported by Marc Massó in all coordination aspects and by a number of senior process modelling trainers. Summaries of their CV’s are given below.

3.1 DR. JOSEP ANTON FELIU

Josep Anton has over twenty years experience in modelling and simulating oil & gas, refining, petrochemical, chemical and biochemical processes using both commercial and purpose-built simulators. Preparation and delivery of educational programs has been as well a constant activity during these years. For the last fifteen years he has provided world-wide customer support and training for steady state and dynamic process simulation and has participated as simulator advisor for several modelling services projects. He has also been associated professor at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

3.2 DR. MIQUEL ÀNGEL ALÓS

Miquel Àngel has over fifteen years experience in simulation projects of chemical processes and in the delivery of educational training programmes. In inprocess, Miquel Angel works as Senior Advisor focusing mainly on Dynamic Simulation Projects. Before, at Hyprotech and AspenTech, he provided worldwide Customer Support and Training for HYSYS and for Hyprotech's batch processes lifecycle solutions. He also was driving simulation projects for supporting and teaching oil & gas, refining, petrochemical and chemical process simulation users. He has also been associated professor at Universitat Ramon Llull (Institut Químic de Sarrià)

3.3 DR. MARÍA JESÚS GUERRA

María Jesús (Chus) has more than fifteen years of experience in Process Engineering and Process Simulation. During her work at Hyprotech and AspenTech she developed expertise especially in the following areas: Process simulation applied to process design and performance improvement using HYSYS, RefSYS, HTFS and Aspen+; Project Management; team coaching and coordination; main experience in petroleum refining, but also in oil and gas production and petrochemicals. At inprocess Chus participates as simulator advisor for several modelling services projects in steady state and dynamic simulations. She has also been associated professor at Universidad Complutense de Madrid

3.4 MANEL SERRA

Manel has over ten years of experience in Process Simulation and in the development and integration of model based solutions. During his work at Hyprotech and AspenTech, he was part of the Upstream Global Services team, where he implemented and delivered monitoring and optimization solutions for Exploration and Production customers. Manel has also experience in the implementation of open standards (CAPE-OPEN, OPC) and agent technology as well as process modelling training experience for Steady State and Dynamic Simulation

3.5 DR. RODOLFO TONA

Rodolfo accumulates more than ten years experience in the modelling, simulation and optimization of industrial processes using commercial and purpose-built simulators. He has extensive experience in software programming, data

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3.6 STEFANO SIGNOR

Stefano has over ten years of experience in the use of the main commercial process simulators. He has been applying this know-how in several operator training system and advanced process control projects. As a result, he has been providing steady state and dynamic process simulation training courses for main oil & gas and refining companies.

3.7 MARC MASSÓ

Marc has over five years experience in the use of dynamic and steady state process simulators. With a solid background in fluid dynamics simulation, he has participated in several oil & gas dynamic simulation projects in order to determine optimal operating points of complex compression systems and exploration and production platforms.

3.8 JOSEP DAVÍ

Josep Daví has over four years of experience in Steady State and Dynamic Process Simulation projects and in the delivery of inprocess’ training courses. Josep joined Inprocess in 2009 as a Service Engineer. At Inprocess, Josep works in the Modelling and Service department, focusing mainly on dynamic simulation projects for refining and upstream companies and in the delivery of training courses.

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Inprocess offers a variety of training delivery models. At our facilities or at client’s site, the goal remains the same –

share practical expertise and increase engineers’ effectiveness on their daily work. We help to get the job done and put customer in control.

4.1 STANDARD CLASSROOM TRAINING

One, two or three-day classroom training helps engineers optimize the design of a broad range of different process units. Selected examples, meaningful for customers, emphasize the basic points and show how to approach real problems and produce results. Training is held in small groups to increase involvement and keep everyone's interest high. Specific sections can be customized to fit customer’s plant and process to improve applicability and knowledge retention

4.2 2+2 TRAINING

Based on inprocess’ experience, the effectiveness of the training courses is significantly improved by adding a realistic example exercise from the attendees’ working environment with about 5-10h total work-load – to be carried out after the standard course. This exercise would be developed by inprocess and email support is given to the attendees during the exercise period (which should be 4-6 weeks). After this period, the inprocess trainer will come back to carry out an exercise workshop, where any open questions about the exercise will be discussed (case study results, assumptions made, specifications set, etc.). In addition, it will be possible to repeat some of the modules of the initial course or to add advanced modules.

4.3 INPROCESS KNOWLEDGE IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME (KIP)

Too often, the theory taught during a standard process simulation training course is not put into practice during the subsequent weeks or months as it might not be required immediately. Therefore, the invested effort in time and money gradually dissipates. In order to create an efficient knowledge transfer process, inprocess proposes a long-term relationship, based on the continuous development of the client’s process simulation skills set through our Knowledge Improvement Programme (KIP). The KIP is a tailored combination of educational services including model development, specific training courses, on-the-job learning projects, coaching, access to expert simulation consultancy, support for simulation deployment to operations, and any other aspect that would fit client specific needs. The programme will build the necessary foundation for knowledge acquisition and ongoing skills development in process simulation. A KIP is normally delivered as a series of independent modules to facilitate the investment and to validate the continuous success of the programme. The structure of the programme includes standard and custom modules - selected based on the needs and the resources.

4.4 INPROCESS TRAINING PROGRAMME

For companies that want to apply a thorough process simulation training curriculum for new engineers (e.g. as part of their standard trainee programme), inprocess has developed the “Inprocess Training Programme”. It includes three levels of steady state process simulation training (basic, intermediate, and advanced) and one basic level of dynamic process simulation training. Further levels of dynamic process simulation training are available on an on-demand basis. Depending on the individual training needs, it is possible to go through the whole programme within one year (one course per quarter). Nevertheless, it is also possible to only participate in the BASIC and INTERMEDIATE training – e.g. in cases where Process Simulation is not a main tool of the engineer.

For training of process engineers who are already more advanced, inprocess offers hands-on training workshops, which have been proven a very effective tool for experienced users.

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An overview of the Inprocess Training Programme is given in Table I below.

BASIC SS INTERMEDIATE SS ADVANCED SS BASIC DYNAMIC

Length of the course 3 days 3 days 2 days 3 days

Intended for Absolute Beginners Engineers with some experience in steady state simulator, who like to refresh their know-how

Engineers for which the simulator is a major tool for their day-to-day business, and who would like to learn some tricks of the trade

Engineers who will be using Dynamic Simulation

Pre-Requisites  None  One year of Eng. Practice  Some use of a simulator  … or after BASIC  Good Know-How in simulation  … or after INTERMEDIATE  Good knowledge in Steady State simulation

Languages English, Italian, Spanish French

English, Italian, Spanish French

4.5 CUSTOM TRAINING COURSES

Depending on customer requirements, inprocess also offers Custom Training Courses outside of the scope of our standard training modules. Such custom training courses can cover a wide variety of process modelling subjects like Polymer Processes Modelling, Flare Systems Modelling or Refinery-wide Modelling. The instructors for such training are carefully selected and in case that inprocess does not have the required expertise in-house, we select the best available external experts to ensure the training fulfils inprocess’ high training standards.

4.6 TRAINING FOLLOW-UP

Inprocess offers the possibility to provide remote training follow-up support, giving assistance to engineers when

applying the learned technology in their day-to-day business. This approach ensures that the new knowledge is not lost if it cannot be applied immediately.

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The course agendas shown here are examples of past inprocess training courses that have been run in-house at customers belonging to several markets. Some of the courses have a defined market focus, others have a wider scope. All courses have been newly developed based on inprocess’ three-way approach.

5.1 INTRODUCTION TO STEADY STATE PROCESS SIMULATION

5.1.1 OBJECTIVES

The course content covers the basic needs of process simulation users. The basic unit operations are introduced in a stepwise manner with the objective of being able to build flowsheets by the end of the course. The use of several software functionalities will show users how to explore operating alternatives for the processing plant units that are being studied.

The course has been designed to include many hands-on exercises to facilitate a more efficient and interesting learning experience. Theory is used to introduce the objectives of every module in the course as well as to help attendees to understand how the underlying calculations are performed.

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ARTICIPANTS

This course is intended for engineers beginning to use process simulation as well as for those who already use it but who need a refresher to experiment with new software features or extend the applications they use process simulation for. The workshops have been designed with an increasing complexity, in order to help in developing the attendees’ learning curve.

The course content is aimed at process engineers, control engineers, safety and environmental engineers, planning engineers and engineers from other departments where process simulation is or could be in use.

5.1.3 CONTENTS

The concepts acquired during the course will allow engineers to build their own process simulation cases to solve problems in their daily design studies. Basing decisions on rigorous simulation results will lead to better and quicker decision-making and furthermore improve confidence in the decisions taken

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5.1.4 THREE-DAYS COURSE AGENDA

MODULE MODULE TITLE AND SHORT DESCRIPTION

TIME

DAY

1

INTRODUCTION TO THE PROCESS SIMULATOR

Working with an existing case. Getting used to GUI elements. Setting-up a user preferences file. How to work with fluid streams. How to install stream utilities. How to install and connect unit operations. The Degrees Of Freedom concept

3 hours

Day 1 2

BASIC THERMODYNAMICS

Creating a new case. How to select components for a simulation: Traditional - hypothetical. The need of thermodynamic correlations and methods.

1 hour

3

HEAT TRANSFER UNIT OPERATIONS

Heaters, Coolers, Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers. Air coolers. Design calculations. Rating simulations

2 hours

4

EXTENSIONS

Expanding the capabilities of the simulator by using externally developed unit operations in the form of extensions

1 hour

5

LOGICAL OPERATORS, SPREADSHEET & CASE STUDY

Additional mathematical tools sometimes needed to drive the simulation results to the desired optimal or conditional solution. Set. Adjust. Balance.

Recycles. Use of the internal Spreadsheet to enhance the level of possible

flowsheet calculations. Sensitivity Analysis (Case Study Tool)

4 hours

Day 2

6

DISTILLATION COLUMNS

Distillation columns: How to install, define and solve distillation columns. Absorbers. Condensers and Reboilers. Column Design. Column Sizing

3 hours

7

REACTIONS AND REACTORS

How to define several types of reactions. How to use them inside reactors in the flowsheet. Basic reactors (conversion, equilibrium, Gibbs). CSTRs. PFRs.

3 hours

Day 3 8

COMPRESSORS, PUMPS AND PIPELINES

Simulation of compressors and pumps, with and without curves. Calculation of outlet conditions. Modelling of pipelines for pressure drop and heat transfer calculations.

3 hours

9

REPORTING

Exploring how to extract the results obtained in the simulation calculations by the generation of internal reports or by exporting them to a third software

1 hour

10

ECONOMIC EVALUATION

In order to develop the most economical design of a process or a unit, not only must the production and the purity be considered, but the operating costs as well. The use of internal spreadsheet will enhance the level of possible flowsheet and economical calculations. Case Studies for Sensitivity Analysis

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5.2 STEADY STATE PROCESS SIMULATION (OIL & GAS FOCUS)

5.2.1 OBJECTIVES

The course content covers the needs of process simulation users in an Oil & Gas working or designing environment. The use of several software functionalities will show users how to explore operating alternatives for the processing plant units that are being studied. The concepts acquired during the course will allow engineers to build their own process simulation cases to solve design problems in their daily job. Basing decisions on rigorous simulation results will lead to better and quicker decision-making and furthermore improve confidence in the decisions taken.

5.2.2 PARTICIPANTS

The course is aimed at engineers who are involved in the design, control and operation of Oil & Gas processing facilities. Therefore, the course content is also applicable for process engineers, control engineers, safety, and environmental engineers involved in roles and tasks, where process simulation is in use.

5.2.3 C

ONTENTS

5.2.4 CUSTOMIZED LEVELS

The course content can be adapted to suit an audience of engineers new to the process simulation as well as to an audience of engineers who have used the software in the past. The course agenda shown in table 5.2.5 below offers a first course day with basic content ideal for beginners. However, for more advanced users, the modules proposed for this first day, can be substituted with the modules proposed in table in point 5.2.6.

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5.2.5 THREE-DAYS COURSE AGENDA

MODULE MODULE TITLE AND SHORT DESCRIPTION

TIME

DAY

1

INTRODUCTION TO THE PROCESS SIMULATOR

Working with an existing case. Getting used to GUI elements. Setting-up a user preferences file. How to work with fluid streams. How to install stream utilities. How to install and connect unit operations. The Degrees Of Freedom concept.

2 hours

Day 1 2

BASIC THERMODYNAMICS

1 hour

3

HEAT TRANSFER UNIT OPERATIONS

Heaters, Coolers, Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers. Air coolers. Design calculations. Rating simulations.

2 hours

4

DISTILLATION COLUMNS

Distillation columns: How to install, define and solve distillation columns. Absorbers. Condensers and Reboilers. Column Design. Column Sizing.

2 hours

5

PHASE ENVELOPES AND PHASE BEHAVIOUR

Analysis of different phase envelopes according to fluid composition. Expected production. Expected behaviour. Influence of heavy components.

1 hour

Day 2 6

RESERVOIR FLUIDS CHARACTERIZATION

Methods for oil characterization in the basis environment. Exploration of software alternatives for limited data availability.

2 hours

7

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Intensive use of the Pipe Segment to calculate separation plant inlet conditions, estimate well conditions, evaluate pressure drops and heat losses for different types of pipe insulation.

2 hours

8

PQ CURVES SIMULATION

Use of extensions to be able to simulate the evolution of wells with time due to depletion, when PQ curves are known.

2 hours

9

HYDRATES FORMATION AND INHIBITION

Use of the existing utility to evaluate the possible formation of hydrates and exploration of methods to depress them and avoid its formation.

3 hours

Day 3 10

PHASE SEPARATION AND STABILIZATION

Building a separation plant to obtain the phases that constituted the inlet fluid. Liquids stabilization by distillation.

3 hours

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NATURAL GAS DEHYDRATION WITH TEG

Construction of a dehydration plant to dehydrate a gas stream using triethylene glycol. Evaluate optimal plant operation conditions.

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5.2.6 ADDITIONAL AVAILABLE RELATED MODULES

MODULE MODULE TITLE AND SHORT DESCRIPTION

TIME

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Option

MULTISTAGE GAS COMPRESSION

Rigorous simulation of a multistage gas compression unit. Determination of optimal working condition as a function of intermediate pressure values.

2 hours

Option

REFRIGERATION LOOPS STUDIES

Analysis of the effect of pressure drops in refrigeration loops. Determination of optimum intermediate pressures for economizer. Impurities effects.

2 hours

Option

NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS EXTRACTION AND FRACTIONATION

Natural Gas Liquids are extracted by LTS technology. Recovery of light hydrocarbons by successive distillation. Column Design.

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5.3 STEADY STATE PROCESS SIMULATION (NATURAL GAS FOCUS)

5.3.1 OBJECTIVES

The course content covers the needs of process simulation users in a Natural Gas processing working or designing environment. The use of several software functionalities will show users how to explore operating alternatives for the processing plant units that are being studied. The concepts acquired during the course will allow engineers to build their own process simulation cases to solve design problems in their daily job. Basing decisions on rigorous simulation results will lead to better and quicker decision-making and furthermore improve confidence in the decisions taken.

5.3.2 PARTICIPANTS

The course is aimed at engineers who are involved in the design, control and operation of any Natural Gas processing facility. Therefore, the course content is also applicable for process engineers, control engineers, safety, and environmental engineers involved in roles and tasks, where process simulation is in use.

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5.3.4 CUSTOMIZED LEVELS

The course content can be adapted to suit an audience of engineers new to the process simulation as well as to an audience of engineers who have used the software in the past. The course agenda shown in table 5.3.5 below offers a first course day with basic content ideal for beginners. However, for more advanced users, the modules proposed for this first day, can be substituted with the modules proposed in table in point 5.3.6.

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5.3.5 THREE-DAYS COURSE AGENDA

MODULE MODULE TITLE AND SHORT DESCRIPTION

TIME

DAY

1

INTRODUCTION TO THE PROCESS SIMULATOR

2 hours

Day 1 2

BASIC THERMODYNAMICS

1 hour

3

HEAT TRANSFER UNIT OPERATIONS

Heaters, Coolers, Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers. Air coolers. Design calculations. Rating simulations.

2 hours

4

DISTILLATION COLUMNS

Distillation columns: How to install, define and solve distillation columns. Absorbers. Condensers and Reboilers. Column Design. Column Sizing.

2 hours

5

PHASE SEPARATION AND STABILIZATION

Building a separation plant to obtain the phases that constituted the inlet fluid. Liquids stabilization by distillation.

3 hours

Day 2 6

NATURAL GAS DEHYDRATION WITH TEG

Construction of a dehydration plant to dehydrate a gas stream using triethylene glycol. Evaluate optimal plant operation conditions.

1 hour

7

LTS,

LTX

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A

LTERNATIVES

Evaluation of process alternatives to process a gas to obtain a desired quality in terms of dew point or Wobbe index. External refrigeration, valve expansion and expander are evaluated.

3 hours

8

NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS EXTRACTION AND FRACTIONATION

Natural Gas Liquids are extracted by LTS technology. Recovery of light hydrocarbons by successive distillation. Column Design.

3 hours

Day 3 9

A TURBO EXPANDER PLANT FOR ETHANE RECOVERY

Construction of a turbo-expander plant for deep recovery of ethane from a natural gas stream. Heat recovery network is built in a separate subflowsheet.

1 hour

10

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NG

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These facilities use the classical cascade cycle where three refrigeration systems are employed: propane, ethylene and methane.

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5.3.6 ADDITIONAL AVAILABLE RELATED MODULES

MODULE MODULE TITLE AND SHORT DESCRIPTION

TIME

DAY

Option

MULTISTAGE GAS COMPRESSION

Rigorous simulation of a multistage gas compression unit. Determination of optimal working condition as a function of intermediate pressure values.

2 hours

Option

REFRIGERATION LOOPS STUDIES

Analysis of the effect of pressure drops in refrigeration loops. Determination of optimum intermediate pressures for economizer. Impurities effects.

2 hours

Option

MIXED REFRIGERANT PROCESS FOR NG LIQUEFACTION

The Mixed Refrigerant Cycle (MRC) system uses a single mixed refrigerant composed of nitrogen, methane, ethane, propane, butane and pentane.

2 hours

Option

PRECOOLED MIXED REFRIGERANT PROCESS FOR NG LIQUEFACTION

The propane precooled mixed refrigerant process was developed from a

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5.4 STEADY STATE PROCESS SIMULATION (REFINERY FOCUS)

5.4.1 OBJECTIVES

The course content covers the needs of process simulation users in an oil refinery working or designing environment. The use of several software functionalities will show users how to explore operating alternatives for the processing plant units that are being studied. The concepts acquired during the course will allow engineers to build their own process simulation cases to solve design problems in their daily job. Basing decisions on rigorous simulation results will lead to better and quicker decision-making and furthermore improve confidence in the decisions taken.

5.4.2 PARTICIPANTS

The course is aimed at engineers who are involved in the design, control and operation of Oil Refinery facilities. Therefore, the course content is also applicable for process engineers, control engineers, safety, and environmental engineers involved in roles and tasks, where process simulation is in use.

5.4.3 C

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5.4.4 THREE-DAYS COURSE AGENDA

MODULE MODULE TITLE AND SHORT DESCRIPTION

TIME

DAY

1

INTRODUCTION TO THE PROCESS SIMULATOR

2 hours

Day 1 2

BASIC THERMODYNAMICS

1 hour

3

REFORMER STABILIZER

In a naphtha reformer unit the effluent from the catalytic reformer reactor needs to be stabilized before further processing. Simple unit operations.

2 hours

4

REFINERY DISTILLATION COLUMNS

Experimenting with the different capabilities of the simulator to solve the distillation problems usually encountered in refinery modelling.

2 hours

5

OIL CHARACTERIZATION

How to use laboratory data and analysis to define a crude oil or a final product in order to be used in the simulation case.

2 hours

Day 2 6

MODELLING A CRUDE/VACUUM SYSTEM WITH PRE-HEAT TRAIN

The simulation model of an integrated Crude/Vacuum system, with preheat train, will be constructed and its performance examined.

5 hours

7

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F

RACTIONATOR AND

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The model for the main fractionator column of a Fluid Catalytic Cracking unit will be modelled together with the associated gas concentration unit.

4 hours

Day 3 8

HYDROCRACKER SIMULATION

An example of a typical hydrocracker unit will be modelled, consisting in the feed heating section, an approximate reactor model, the product cooling section, the HP separator and the recycle gas stripper.

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5.5 PROCESS CONTROL FOR PROCESS ENGINEERS USING DYNAMIC SIMULATION

5.5.1 O

BJECTIVES

Process Engineers are heavy users of simulation tools to design new processes or revamps. They mainly work in Steady-state mode, but frequently they have to interact with the Control Engineers to discuss how the process will be controlled and operated. Then, many process dynamics and control concepts need to be clearly understood by the Process Engineers to effectively design the process and their corresponding control philosophy.

Plant designs have become increasingly complex, integrated and interactive. Heat integration, process recycles and minimum hold-ups are typical design features. Whilst such designs optimize steady state operation, they present particular challenges to control and operations engineers. Clearly, the ideal is not just to develop a working control strategy, but also to design a process that is inherently easy to control.

The main objectives of this course are:

 Learn the fundamental Process Dynamic concepts and practice with them

 Learn the Basic Control theory and practice with it

 Make use of Simulation tools (Steady-State and Dynamics) for the development of the basic control layer

 Learn Classical Advanced Control techniques and practice with them.

 Examine the impact of equipment sizes on process behavior.

 Understand how disturbances will affect the process.

 Study various control schemes to find the best suited one for the process of interest.

5.5.2 PARTICIPANTS

This course is aimed at process engineers who are involved in the design, control and operation of any processing facility. At the same time, process engineers in any engineering company, usually involved in basic or detailed engineering projects will definitely benefit from the course content. Safety engineers, even junior control engineers might find useful the opportunity to experiment the classical control topics in a so powerful tool like a dynamic process simulator.

5.5.3 CONTENTS

During the course, process engineers will learn the fundamentals of Dynamic Process Simulation concepts and will practice with them. They will as well learn the Basic Control theory and practice with it. The concepts acquired during the course will allow process engineers to make use of simulation tools (Steady State and Dynamics) for the development of the basic control layer. Thanks to this, they will be able to examine the impact of equipment sizes on process behaviour, to understand how disturbances will affect the process and to study various control schemes to find the best suited one for the process of interest.

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Some questions answered during the course:

 How valve´s size affects the process behavior? What problems are encountered for wrongly sized valve?

 How valve characteristics changes when it is installed?

 How to identify process responses and non-linear behavior?

 What process parameter determines the ability of a process to reject, or attenuate, disturbances?

 Why process capacitance is good for disturbance rejection, but produces very slow response times?

 Why process Dead Time has no effect on the filtering capability of the process?

 When processes with Dead Time can cause problems in the control?

 What kind of processes can be covered with the Feedback control?

 What is the effect of filtering in the control response?

 What processes can benefit from the PID derivate action?

 How Buffer tanks/surge drums can help to isolate equipment from upstream disturbances?

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5.5.4 THREE-DAYS COURSE AGENDA

MODULE

NUMBER

MODULE TITLE AND SHORT DESCRIPTION

TIME

DAY

1

INTRODUCTION TO THE DYNAMIC PROCESS SIMULATOR

Working with an existing case. Getting used to GUI elements. Pressure Flow Solver and boundary specifications. Setting up a PID.

2 hours

Day 1 2

FINAL CONTROL ELEMENTS

Control valve sizing, Inherent valve characteristics. Valve selection based on control performance.

2 hours

3

FUNDAMENTALS OF PROCESS CONTROL

Principles of Process Control. Single input/single output (SISO) control systems. Open and closed loops. Feedback Control. Elements of a control loop. Direct and reverse acting. Process dynamics and attributes. Capacitance and Dead time. Process responses.

3 hours

4

PROCESS DYNAMIC GAIN, DEAD TIME AND CAPACITANCE

System Identification: The Process Reaction Curve. Effects that dead time and capacitance have on system behaviour, and controllability. System attenuation capability. Use of filters and their effect in control performance.

2 hours

Day 2 5

F

EEDBACK

C

ONTROL

Basic Control Modes. Setup and operation of basic single loop controllers. Choosing the right controller. PID algorithm and commercial DCS implementation forms (Honeywell, Yokogawa, Emerson, Foxboro, etc.).

2 hours

6

CONTROLLER TUNING AND PRACTICE

Tune controllers in a practical way over the dynamic simulation. Most popular tuning techniques are covered.

3 hours

7

USING CASCADE CONTROL

Learn how to build and configure a cascade controller. Students will also be able to see the benefits and limitations to this type of control scheme.

1 hour

Day 3 8

USING FEED-FORWARD CONTROLLERS

Teaches students how to build and configure a Feed-forward controller. They will also be able to see the benefits and limitations to this type of control scheme.

2 hours

9

USING

RATIO CONTROLLERS,

SPLIT-RANGE

CONTROLLERS AND

OVERRIDE

SELECTORS

Teaches students how to build and configure a Ratio and split-range controller. They will also build override logic structures for different operation purposes.

2 hours

10

TYPICAL CONTROL OF EQUIPMENT

A revision of most common control structures for tanks, heat exchangers and furnaces.

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5.6 SIMULATION FOR PROCESS CONTROL ENGINEERS*

5.6.1 OBJECTIVES

Process Engineers are heavy users of simulation tools (Aspen HYSYS®, Aspen Plus®, Honeywell UniSim®, etc.) to design new processes or revamps, and mostly all simulation training courses are designed for them. On the other hand, there are almost no specific simulation courses targeted for process control engineers, who can make use of the simulation tools to perform specific control tasks with the help of a simulator.

This course is conceived with the following objectives in mind:

 Learn the basic use of a steady-state simulator and their uses in process control (Gain calculation, property calculation, inferential development, etc.).

 Given a steady state model, be able to convert it to a dynamic model with the associated control loops (i.e.: distillation column).

 Given a dynamic model, be able to change the control loops configuration to perform dynamic analysis.

 Make use of all the control features included in a dynamic simulator (i.e.: On/Off, PID, Feed-forward, split-range, selector, transfer function, etc.).

 Make use of the tools and tricks inside the dynamic simulator to carry out process control analysis.

 All the modules of the course are 100% practical and every attendee is individually using the simulator in his/her own PC, it is a "learn by doing" course. The instructor will only spend 5-10 minutes at the beginning of every the module to explain the exercises in the manual of the course.

 All the modules are developed over the same distillation column, which has been taken from a real column of an existing plant. Therefore, real plant problems and constraints when attempting to simulate plant units are reproduced (lack of data, required detail, lack of time, etc.).

5.6.2 PARTICIPANTS

This course is aimed at process control engineers who are involved in the design, implementation and operation of any control system in a plant. No previous contact with process simulation software is required. The attendee should know basic chemical engineering principles (or equivalent plant experience) and process control fundamentals. It is also desirable knowledge of control/operation of distillation columns and 1-2 years experience in process control roles.

5.6.3 CONTENTS

During the course, control engineers will learn the fundamentals of Steady State and Dynamic Process Simulation concepts and will practice with them, always from the point of view of a Control Engineer. The concepts acquired during the course will allow control engineers to make use of simulation tools for the development of basic and advanced control layer. The modules are prepared to approach the analysis to the given process making use of the different features of the simulator such as the Case Study to calculate gains or the event scheduler that will led to perform different case scenarios to see how the model behaves. Furthermore the exercises show how to extract and use the available data in order to take the best advantage of the software capabilities. Some of the features that will be seen in the course are related to: distillation columns, sensitivity analysis, control strategy (feed forward, ratio

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5.6.4 THREE-DAYS COURSE AGENDA**

MODULE

NUMBER

MODULE TITLE AND SHORT DESCRIPTION

TIME

DAY

1

CREATING A STEADY-STATE MODEL

A simple steady-state case of a real distillation column is created from basic data available at the plant. Details about simulator user interface, workflow, etc. Using different column specifications (reflux ratio, tray temperature, purity, etc.) to reproduce the degrees of freedom of the column. Use of mixers/tees to reproduce feed compositions. Extracting and visualizing data from the model (column profiles, tables) as a function of a variable.

3 hours

Day 1 2

USING A

STEADY-STATE

MODEL FOR GAIN ANALYSIS AND PROPERTY

ESTIMATION

Configuration of the "Case Study" functionality inside the simulation to perform sensitivity analysis of the built column for independent vs. dependent variables. Extraction of the data to Excel. Calculation of the Steady-State gains and non-linearity of the process. Another sensitivity analysis over the column is carried out in order to obtain a regression of the product quality based on column pressures and temperatures.

2 hours

3

TRANSITIONING A STEADY-STATE MODEL INTO A DYNAMIC MODEL

Discussion of the main differences between the two simulation modes (Steady-State vs Dynamic) concerning specifying equipment and flowsheet details. Concepts of Dynamic Simulation: Pressure-Flow solver, Pressure nodes, resistance equipment, etc. Rules for transitioning from a solved steady‐state model to a dynamics one. Transition of the distillation column model to Dynamics mode. The column is ready for the next day to be operated with all the valves in manual mode.

3 hours

4

ACTIVATING PID CONTROLLERS IN THE DYNAMIC MODEL

Operation of the column in Manual mode for few minutes. Introducing basic PID controllers into the model for automatic mass-energy balance regulation. Use of faceplates and trending stripcharts. Introduce basic disturbances to the model. Simulator PID object features. Basic tuning of column PID controllers. Optional: use of a commercial tuning tool.

3 hours

Day 2 5

CONFIGURING A MASTER-SLAVE CONTROLLER

Learn how to build and configure cascade controllers in the distillation column model and test their benefits. Level-Flow control. Tray temp-reboiler duty control. Tune the new cascades.

1.5 hours

6

CONFIGURING AN ON-OFF CONTROLLER

Learn how to build and configure on-off controllers in a simple given dynamic model.

0.5 hours

7

CONFIGURING

RATIO CONTROLLERS,

SPLIT-RANGE CONTROLLERS AND

SELECTOR BLOCK

Learn how to build and configure in the distillation column a Ratio controller, a split range controller and override logic structures for different operation purposes.

2 hours

8

CONFIGURING A FEED-FORWARD CONTROLLER

Learn how to build and configure a Feed-forward controller for the reboiler duty to anticipate column load changes.

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9

USING THE TRANSFER FUNCTION BLOCK AND SPREADSHEET

Learn the multiple purpose uses of the transfer function block (TFB). Using TFB as signal generator for disturbances. Using TFB as a noise generator. Using TFB as a dead-time in analyzer signal. Create a filter for a process variable in spreadsheet.

2 hours

Day 3 10

ADDING DETAILS TO THE DYNAMIC MODEL

Learn how to configure a number of useful options in the simulator to increase the fidelity of the model with the real plant. This includes Valve Characteristic, Elevation and hydraulic Static Head contribution, equipment nozzles, level taps, actuators of the control valves, heat losses, and valve stiction.

2 hours

11

USING THE EVENT SCHEDULER

Learn how to configure the event scheduler to run automatically a sequence of events, for example to simulate a sequence of automatic steps for MVs-FFs.

1 hour

12

EXTRACTING DATA FROM THE DYNAMIC SIMULATION

Learn how to configure the case to perform simulation runs and extract the data in formatted files.

1 hour

13

I

MPORTING EXTERNAL PROCESS DATA TO THE SIMULATION

Learn how to configure and use a simulation macro to import historic process data from an Excel file as a boundary condition or controller Set-Point of a dynamic simulation. Applied case to the Feed Flow of the distillation column.

1 hour

14

COMPARING PERFORMANCE OF TWO DIFFERENT CONTROL LAYOUTS

Learn how to duplicate the dynamic process model to compare simulation runs with different control settings. Applied case to the built distillation column.

1 hour

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5.6.5 ADDITIONAL AVAILABLE RELATED MODULES

MODULE MODULE TITLE AND SHORT DESCRIPTION

TIME

DAY

Option

INTRODUCTION TO MULTIVARIABLE MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL

This module teaches students how MPC controllers can provide a superior control. Using a simple and generic MPC controller inside the simulator the distillation column is tested against disturbances patterns and compared to a controller based only in PID.

2 hours

Option

CONFIGURING A COMMERCIAL MPC CONTROLLER: STEP-TESTING

Learn how to use the commercial MPC controller (used in real industry) object to perform virtual step-test in the built column distillation model of the simulator and export the data to the MPC identification package.

4 hours

Option

CONFIGURING A COMMERCIAL MPC CONTROLLER: CONTROLLING

Learn how to use the commercial MPC controller object to control the built distillation column model and using the identified MPC model from the previous module. Operate and tune the controller with the same interfaces than the commercial MPC package used in the real plant.

4 hours

Option

U

SING

R

ELATIVE

G

AIN

A

RRAY

(RGA)

TECHNIQUES

How to use RGA analysis to determine the best input-output pairing

combination in a distillation column. 3 hours

Option

CONFIGURING ANTI-SURGE CONTROL FOR COMPRESSOR

Learn how to configure an Anti-surge controller in a centrifugal compressor

and test their performance. 2 hours

Option

CONFIGURING A SMITH-PREDICTOR OR (SISO MPC) CONTROLLER

Processes with large dead-times are poorly handled by standard PID controllers. They require more sophisticated controllers like a Smith-Predictor or a SISO MPC controller.

2 hours

Option

CONFIGURING THE OPTIMIZER IN A STEADY-STATE CASE

Learn how to use the internal SQP optimizer inside the steady-state simulator to conduct optimization studies for key control variables of the distillation column. Extract that data in a lookup table or regression to be implemented over the dynamic model.

3 hours

Option

COMMUNICATION OF THE DYNAMIC MODEL WITH OPC

Use the dynamic model with the OPC communication standard and link the

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5.7 DYNAMIC PROCESS SIMULATION

5.7.1 OBJECTIVES

The course content covers the basic needs of dynamics process simulation users. The attendees will learn the fundamentals of dynamic process modeling using commercial dynamic simulators and the main differences between steady state and dynamic modeling will be introduced. In addition, the necessary basic control theory will be reviewed briefly. To facilitate an efficient learning experience, all concepts will be studied based on simple & practical hands-on examples. The basic unit operations are introduced in a stepwise manner with the objective of being able to build dynamic process flowsheets by the end of the course. The use of several software functionalities will show users how to explore operating alternatives for the processing plant units that are being studied.

5.7.2 PARTICIPANTS

This course is aimed at engineers who are involved in the design, control and operation of any processing facility. The workshops have been designed with an increasing complexity, in order to help in developing the attendees’ learning curve. Although the workshop examples are taken from the Gas Processing industries, the acquired foundations on dynamic simulation can be applied to any process industry. Therefore, the course content is also applicable for process engineers, control engineers, safety, and environmental engineers in other industries, where dynamic process simulation is in use.

Important Note: Participants must be familiar with steady state process simulation to fully benefit from the subjects

covered in this course.

5.7.3 CONTENTS

The concepts acquired during the course will allow engineers to build their own process simulation cases to solve problems in their daily design studies. Basing decisions on rigorous simulation results will lead to better and quicker decision-making and furthermore improve confidence in the decisions taken. This course enables the attendees to use the dynamic modeling capabilities of dynamic process simulators to model and simulate typical processing facilities, showing the benefits dynamic process simulation can bring in the day-to-day engineering and operating environment.

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5.7.4 THREE-DAYS COURSE AGENDA

MODULE MODULE TITLE AND SHORT DESCRIPTION

TIME

DAY

1

BASIC CONCEPTS OF DYNAMIC SIMULATION

Understanding the foundations of dynamic simulation using Process Simulators: The Pressure-Flow solver; Distributed and Lumped models; Pressure nodes and flow resistances.

2 hours

Day 1 2

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STEADY-STATE AND DYNAMIC MODELS

Discussion of the main differences between the two modelling modes concerning specifying equipment and flowsheet details. Rules for transitioning from a solved steady-state model to a dynamics one.

1 hour

3

FUNDAMENTALS OF PROCESS CONTROL

Open and closed loop. PID controllers and final control elements. Setup and modification of control strategies.

2 hours

4

D

YNAMIC

M

ODEL OF AN

I

NLET

S

EPARATION

P

LANT

Development of an initial plant model in Steady State. Transition to Dynamics using equipment sizes, control valves, control loops, strip chart graphs, etc.

3 hours

5

E

NHANCED

D

YNAMIC

S

IMULATION

Enhancement of previous model by incorporating additional details. Some of the defaulted values are modified and parts of the assumptions are revisited.

3 hours

Day 2 6

GAS COMPRESSION SIMULATION IN DYNAMICS

Compressor maps, anti-surge control, bypass valves and other protection equipment is incorporated into the original model.

3 hours

7

OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE (SCHEDULING OF EVENTS)

The Event Scheduler is a powerful tool that allows the dynamic modeller to plan and program i.e. several operational performance tests to monitor the response of the model in front of upsets and disturbances.

2 hours

8

UNITS TRIPS AND COMPRESSOR PRESSURE RELIEF

The robust dynamic model will be disturbed and upset by programming with the Event Scheduler unit trips and unexpected problems. The response of the protection equipment will be monitored.

2 hours

Day 3 8

MODELLING A NGL EXTRACTION PLANT

Preparation of a new dynamic model of a NGL Extraction Plant. Transition from Steady State to Dynamics. Setup of level, flow and pressure PI control loops. On-off and cascade controllers are also introduced.

2 hours

9

DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF A DISTILLATION COLUMN

Expansion of the previous case by setting up a Stabilization column. A control strategy will be developed to meet the TVP specification for the NGL product

3 hours

10

BASIC CONTROL OF DISTILLATION COLUMNS

In this module, a fractionator is added to the model and a basic control scheme for level, temperature, pressure and composition is developed and discussed.

3 hours _Option

11

C

OLUMN

P

RESSURE

R

ELIEF

The standard condenser unit of the fractionator is replaced by an expanded overhead system constituted by a cooler, a separator and a pump. The system is developed in dynamics mode. Finally, a pressure relief system is configured.

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5.8 IMPROVING REFINERY OPERATIONS THROUGH PROCESS SIMULATION

A

N ADVANCED COURSE TO SOLVE REAL REFINERY OPERATING PROBLEMS

5.8.1 OBJECTIVES

After attending a basic course in process simulation, engineers are faced with the task of developing simulation cases for a specific objective. Whether they have to troubleshoot an operational problem, to monitor the process performance, to improve unit yields or to minimize energy consumption, they have to start the simulation in a completely different environment: overwhelming amount of data, scattered in different sources and sometimes not consistent. And then also: What is the minimum simulation scope? Which level of detail to use? What confidence to apply to the results?

This course has been developed focusing mainly in these aspects: How to identify plant data requirements before developing the process simulation and how to collect and validate such data obtained from the typical refinery sources. Further objectives of this course are the construction and application of several refinery unit examples for crude calculations, troubleshooting distillation columns, the investigation of known issues in integrated process units and the improved energy usage by operating strategy.

5.8.2 PARTICIPANTS

The simulation models will be created without instructor detailed guidance and therefore basic knowledge in a steady state process simulator is required. Previous attendance to an introductory course is highly recommended.

5.8.3 CONTENTS

The intention of the course is to work in five refinery example models (chosen out of six available cases) plus an initial module of crude calculations. All will be based on actual refinery data that is necessary to select from a larger set and also validate for consistency.

All of the studies performed in each case are aimed to explain how to interact with the simulation case with the purpose of troubleshooting a distillation column, reducing the energy usage in all unit examples, improving unit yields and monitoring the process performance. With this course, refinery engineers will obtain the necessary competencies to develop their own process simulation cases from available plant data and use them to analyse their units’ issues.

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5.8.4 THREE-DAYS COURSE AGENDA

MODULE MODULE TITLE AND SHORT DESCRIPTION

TIME

DAY

1

CRUDE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

Some typical refinery calculations are proposed:

 Obtaining the TBP cut point of contiguous cuts from plant data.

 Quality assessment of process data in crude distillation.

 Crude assay quality verification.

3 hours

Day 1

2

SIMPLE DISTILLATION COLUMN TROUBLESHOOTING

A detailed model of an individual column like a de-iso hexanizer will demonstrate how to troubleshoot its performance as it approaches flooding. Further studies performed are to understand its operating envelope (product purity vs. flowrate with pressure, duties, feed temperature and flooding constraints) and to propose optimal operating guidelines.

3 hours

3

VDU OPTIONS FOR ENERGY SAVING

Several options for improving the performance of a vacuum distillation column will be tested: heat integration, distillates cut points and drawing overflash. Furthermore, an overflash correlation for its application in planning will be developed.

4 hours

Day 2

4

FCC GAS PLANT STUDIES

The FCC gas plant has been taken as the example of a deeply integrated unit with several recycled streams. Some typical issues like overstripping or overcooling in C3s accumulation, lean oil conditions improvement or water elimination will be investigated.

4 hours

5

CDU PUMPAROUND STRATEGY WITH HEAT EXCHANGER FOULING

Due to the complexity of the whole CDU unit, with pre-heat integration, it is outside the course scope. With a pre-built case, several tips for heat exchanger fouling monitoring will be proposed. Pumparound strategy as heat exchangers foul will be tuned. Special focus will be on heat recovery when heat exchangers are on the clean side of the cycle.

3,5 hours

Day 3

6

H

2 SEPARATION IMPROVEMENT IN HYDRO PROCESSING UNITS

A model for the separation of products in hydrogen processes (hydrocracking/hydrotreating) with focus both on the hydrogen balance (recycle purity) and heat integration will be studied. Reactor simple correlations will be used to assess the impact of flow and purity of recycle gas in desulfurization %.

3,5 hours

7

ISOMERISATION REACTOR OPTIMIZATION

Reactors of affordable complexity kinetics can be modelled and applied to optimize temperatures for lead and lag reactors to parallel catalyst life. Study overall temperatures to maximize octane production.

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5.10 ADVANCED STEADY STATE PROCESS SIMULATION

5.10.1 OBJECTIVES

The course content covers the advanced needs of process simulation users. Non-usual capabilities of the software are explored and applied to useful examples. The use of advanced software functionalities will show users how to increase the value that can be obtained from the process simulator.

5.10.2 PARTICIPANTS

This course is intended for engineers who are acquainted in the use of commercial steady state process simulators and that will benefit from a detailed explanation of some of the software advanced features.

The course content is aimed at engineers working in departments where the daily use of commercial steady state process simulators requires from them to expand their current knowledge to incorporate non-usual, but still useful, software capabilities.

5.10.3 CONTENTS

The concepts acquired during the course will allow engineers to incorporate advanced features in their process simulation cases to solve problems in their daily design studies, improving the workflow management and reducing the project delivery time. Basing decisions on rigorous simulation results will lead to better and quicker decision-making and furthermore improve confidence in the decisions taken.