Green Gas Test Centre and Distribution of renewable gases

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Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s

Green Gas Test Centre

and

Distribution of renewable gases

Jan K. Jensen (jkj@dgc.dk)

Danish Gas Technology Centre

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Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s Danish Gas Technology Centre

§  Consultancy, R&D, measurements (field and lab.) §  Focus on gas utilisation

All energy gases (natural gas, town gas, biogas,

hydrogen, …) and combinations of gas and renewable energy

§  Green Gas Test Centre, a new laboratory facility and knowledge centre supported by Green Labs DK

(Danish Energy Agency)

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Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s Green gases in the Danish energy system

DK Energy Agreement (March 2012)

§  Increased funding of biogas for CHP §  New funding for production and use of

biogas: natural gas grid, industry, transport sector

§  Significant increase in wind power (50% of power production in 2020) – focus on Power to Gas

§  Visions:

§  No fossil fuels in power and heat production in 2035.

§  No fossil fuels in the energy system in 2050

Biogas in the gas grid

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Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s Balancing renewable energy

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Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s Balancing renewable energy

The natural gas system offers transport and storage capacity for wind energy (hydrogen), biogas and gas from gasification

The small-scale CHP plants offer heat storage and power production

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Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s Gas quality requirements in Denmark (1)

Biogas/biomethane must fulfill:

§  Requirements for natural gas (Gas Regulations) (Distribution grid)

§  Rules for Gas Transport (Transmission grid) Aim: To guarantee safe operation.

No risk of corrosion/blocking/faults of equipment and installations.

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Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s Gas quality requirements in Denmark (2)

Natural gas grids

Gas Regulations Rules for Gas Transport

Wobbe Index (kWh/m3_{) 14,1-15,5 14,1-15,5} H₂S (mg/m3_{) H} 2S + COS < 5 H2S + COS < 5 Odorant THT > 10,5 mg/m3_{no odorisation} Siloxanes (mg/m3_{) < 1 --} NH₃ (mg/m3_{) < 3 --} CO₂ (%) < 3 < 2,5 O₂ (%) < 0,5 < 0,1

Special requirements for gas grids dedicated to biogas or hydrogen Green Gas Test Centre

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Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s Wobbe Index

Combustion property:

§  Methane: WI = 14,85 kWh/m3

§  Biomethane = CH₄ + CO₂/N₂/O₂: lower WI than methane

§  14,1 kWh/m3_{is limit value at present}

density rel. Value Calorific (WI) Index Wobbe ₌

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Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s Calorific value (1)

§  CV of biomethane typically lower than CV of natural gas

§  Solutions for correct billing §  Propane addition

§  Local gas quality mesurements §  Quality tracking

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Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s Calorific value (2)

§  Maximum permissible error +2% on a yearly basis

for customers with normal gas consumption profile

§  Method assumes that measurement uncertainty is negligible

§  Typical uncertainty for CV of natural gas ±0,25% §  Requirement for local CV measurement ±0,5%

§  In practice: gas chromatograph (GC) required

§  (Slightly) higher instrument costs than e.g. infrared meters §  High degree of confidence, also for WI determination

§  Higher CO₂-% allowed

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Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s Siloxanes

§  Siloxanes: group of components containing silicon, cyclic (D-type) or linear (L-type)

§  Found (mainly) in biogas from sewage sludge and landfill

§  Risk: SiO₂ formation during combustion, causing erosion and/or deposits

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Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s Gas quality - Documentation

Present situation in Denmark:

§  Periodic documentation according to national regulations

§  Ongoing work for a European harmonisation

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Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s Standards and documentation

CEN/TC 408 Biomethane for use in transport and injection in the

natural gas grid.

Expected outcome:

§  Single specification for biomethane injected in the gas grid, regardless of origin of the biomethane (fermentation, landfill, gasification)

§  Informative annex to standard will give guidance on methods to demonstrate compliance, depending on source, production

method and gas treatment

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Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s Working plan for CEN PC 408

§  December 2011: 6th & 7th §  March 2012: 14th & 15th §  June 2012: 4th & 5th §  September 2012: 20th & 21st §  December 2012: 6th & 7th §  March 2013: 14th & 15th §  June 2013: 4th & 5th §  September 2013: 19th & 20th §  December 2013: 2nd & 3rd

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Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s Hydrogen – Fuel for PEM fuel cell road vehicles

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Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s Need for periodic documentation

At:

•  Gas cleaning and gas upgrading sites •  Gas grid entry points

•  Special and/or sensitive gas end use applications

For:

•  Gas composition

•  Contaminants and trace elements •  Dew points

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Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s Green Gas Test Centre offers

Analysis of main gas components and trace elements

•  Biogas, biomethane, exhaust form biogas upgrading, …. •  Gas from thermal gasification processes

•  Hydrogen

Analysis at laboratory or on location In-situ verification of analysers

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Dansk Gasteknisk Center a/s Gas analysis: GC-TCD/MS

•  Main gas components (O₂, N₂, CH₄,CO₂) •  Trace elements of Si, Cl, F

•  Aromatics •  Sulfur

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http://www.dgc.dk/testcenter-groenne-gasser

Head of Laboratory: Leo van Gruijthuijsen (lvg@dgc.dk)

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•  Support transition into a renewable energy system •  Laboratory and knowledge center

•  Green gas: Production, upgrading, utilization, R&D

Biogas Gasification Hydrogen