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41I~ D"lgnltlon: 8 458
.. 94
,Cl,
""~... I-J
.. :.AMlIllIc:AHIClClITV1'01' 'l'!lnt.O AI«) MA~AI.I :'
111. fIIaee Sl f'1I18d81pIllt,I"AI.,C13
"'U,11II8' 110111IPII AM..., IIooh' AtN IIta,..j.",., °"';'18111 AI N ".
It 1lll11io.1ItIillIh. 'IIIf.1I .""'II\IcIIIIft.. 111"""'11111"" ...", 10...:. ,
c.;~.Jr'
(
St.ndard Specification 'or
Electrodeposlted Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel
Plus
Chromium
and NIckel
Plus Chromium
1Tb.. 8Iund.rd Is iuucd ul'd~r Ihi flud GealinallOIla ~S61,hi number1"""01118\.1)'Ibllillllln
,
Ibt CltII",allOlllnClhlllCSth' ~r Dr orll'n.' Idoplioll or. in ,tit ca. or "..Ision. Ih. yeit 6( lu, revllinn.It. IIU",.' IIIpaNn'blllft MIl III' ,lIr arloft nlppro".,I, It. II/PO"""P' ...il.n hI '"dlcl4,. III ,di'8ri.1 thllna. Ii,," ,he Iii' ""lllon or tCI,ptO,/II., 'J.
Scope
" J This specincatlon covers reQuircmenu
(ar Slveral
typesand arudes of eJl!ctrodepo~itedcopper plus nickel plus ~hromium or nickel plus chromium coatin&t$
on'teel,
nickel ph~5chromiumcoatin.- on copper and copper aUo)l',and C'opperP'UI nickel plus f:hrontillm eoatinp on zinc8J10)'1torapplicationl where both appearanceand. protecllan of the basil me&lllllinst carro.ion are imponant. Five artdes of
coltin,s .ra pravldedto correspondwiththe set'Yicecondi-tlonl underwhichneh iseJtpccted to provide sad.factory
performance:'namely.extended "cry severe,very severe,
Ryer,.modetate, ,nd mild. Dennidon~ and typicaleumples of,hlle leJ'\lict conditions are pro\'ldltd
in Appendi~
X I.
1.2 The rullowift&huards Clveatpenain. only tD the teat
mothods'ponions. Append;"..Xl, X3. and X4. or this
specification: This s'QltdtJ,d dots """purpOrtto addre:u d'i (Jj
itl,/iIJI CQn(~rnl. if alf)'. tl$S(Jcf4ted with iu wcf. II is the
rtJpOltilbi/ilJ' (Jf the JlICf ()f this IltJ.nda,d 10 ellfJblish fJppro-prill" stlltt.\' I2nd hefl/th prattle,.s tJnd de"",,;n, theapplica. bility 0/ r~t~l/tllO"J'limiUll;()n.s prlfJr tQ uSt.
Non I-The tSO stand_rd&1436&ftd 145' are no!requir.tI\cntl butun b;rcf8l',nctd,rot additionallnrormatiOIl.
2. Refcrtnc:o(1Document~
2.1 ASTM Stflndllras;
8 11,. rCSt Method ror Sal,t Spray (Faa) TOitina2
B 183Praeticcror P,reparationbf Low-Carbon
Steelrar
ElecuL~Ialina'
.B 242 P"'t;tice for PrepatutitJn of Hip-Carbon $\011ror ElectrapJatina'
B 252 Practiceror'~eparalion of Zinc: AllOYDie CUtin.. for EleetropJatina and Conver'ion Coatinp'
, 8 281 Prac1,jcefal' Preparauon of Copper and Copper base
Alla~'1for EJec:uoplatlnaand Conversion Coatings' B 287 Method of Acetic:Aeid.Sal\ Spra)'.(Foa) Tesung. '. B 320 Prattice,fbr Jlrepl\ration ot Iron CUtin.. ror
EleetroplBtinA'3
B 368 Method for Copper-Acceterated Acetic!Acid-Salt
Spray(Fal)
TcsUna'
,S 380 Methodof Corro.lonTc.th\1of DecorativeEleetro. pla\edeoltinas by tht: Cl)I'1'QdkoteProcedur.'
IThil Iptclfia.lioll il unlltr liltJvri84/CIID"of ASTMComlllineeB.8 on Mtullic ""tllnOlplllc CO&tin81Ind f8 1111"j,., IIIIOnll"lIIl~ or Ivbeoml'll'"" IOLO) 011DteortllYt COIIIIII',Nlcklf. OI'Ol'llilllll, I"d Nitk,loChromlloll'll COI'. 11\81.
tV""'1 Idilioll .~,tO..c.cI Ma,cll I.. 1994. Publlslled Mo, 1994. Oniinill~ Plllali"',I1... .Sf. U. w, "'twiO",' ~4i,io" 1\45. - 9311.
. "'It'/ifli .,101;qf .tSrM S'lfnda,tI,.. YOI03.0~.
. '''''It/al S...& rl( .1.'1'101 .~la"Jfltfl.r. Vol 02.0~.
" Dlaro/niny.,I-Sa 11/116AItIl'HlIIJI)(JJ;,1 A5"1'M$I...IIII.,dy.VOl0).02.
p'd
B 487 T.11MethodI'or M.alufement of Metal and Oltide
CoatlnsThlekn*C8 by MicroscopIcsl£uminatlon ora
Croll
Soction'
.8 499 TeatMethod(or Me.uremtat of Coadn. Thi,k.
. nO&8by the Maane\icMethod: NOftllllllftoticCo.t.iltll
on Ma.netic Jnstt; M,tallI'
a 504
TestMethod fbr Mcu~rnmlSlnuf Thickn/:ss of Metallic Coat'n.. by the CoulomlJlric:Method'8 530 T.lt Me\hodfor Mouurtmont of Coatins Tbi~lc. neuee by &heMapede Memed: I!lecirodeposi~ NIckel Coatln.. OftMnlnetlcaDd Nonml8netic SubsltttesJ
B 537 Pra!rticcfor Ratin, of Elt.ctroplatedPanels Sub-jected to AtmollphericExposurel '
14554Guidefor M~urcJ!tent of 1'h.lclcneu of MeWllc
COltln..on Nonn1CtaJllcSubstrate,' ,
B 568 Tut Method ror Mellurement of Coa\ina
Thick-nell by X-Ray Spcunrometry3
.
B 571 Tesl Methacil for AdhtlioJl ot MehllJi~Coati"..'
e 602TeAt
MethodfotAttributeSlamplinlJaf Metallic:andJnorpnicCoati11&1:1'
IS659 Ouldo ror MeBSurin~Thickneas of Metallic and
loarpnlc CoatinpJ
,B 691Quid! (or Selectionor SampllnaPIanofor h,.pee:. 110n of £I,elrodeposited Metallic: aDd Inorpnle
Coatinga) ,
a 762 Mtthod 01'VariablesSampLinl
of M.ta11i~and
lnol'pnlc COAdlllpJ
a 764 Method tor SimultaneousThicknessand
Electro-chemical
Potenual
Determination!)rhldividuallayers'n Multilay.r NicklslD.po.h (STEPTe:ln)3
j
" ',~D
1193Speclncation
tor a.a,.nt Wa1er'
.D39S' PractJ=(or C.ommerctaJPj&cka&!ul\'
1:50 Pra~llcesfor Apparatus, R~lelllll, and Safety'Pre-cautionstor Chemica! Analyaiaelt Meulls'
2.2 ISO StaMQ,ds:
JSO1456
M.calliccOtunas-ElIIIC1rod,potijtedcoadnpof
nickel plus chromhlM and ot copper 1)lusnickel plus chromium'
ISO I." Metallic lcoatinss-Electroplated
coati"r of
copperplus nickeljpJuachromium'iirtln or,lteel
~C
'3. T.rmlnOI~IJ.
Che
~
/
3.1 Dt/iIflIiD".. I17fTes
V~ D
"
J(jll
eqrch
. ""'ltIlIl Sault 01ASTM ,f//lllfit/fl/"Vol 11.01,lYe.
9 19.
ra'/:'. """lUll&4OIt0/A$TH .'ftlltlj.,I,. Volls,ot. LI
vle~
oJ,A"nUM
8DO~~
tt&T",,Tttmft,4"VOl0).05. "I/p ed /:) ,. ,4".illl_l,1i,I'IIIn"",aU8Mlllllldafd.Cttillllllhti'/i{ll~drfjttll1l11. (lelltVII20, Swl\q,IIIId. ,""fJFch. .. " . ,
,
6S11-268 S0S N3A31S 'l'~ 21:21S6. 61 lnr --- ----~---217/19/95 09:51 DOC\J1'1EtiTENGINEERIN~ CO. I INC. ~ 505 892 1159 ~J.1S6 pa~3/012
SUMMa" of tile Aequlram."la lor Double- ",II T"pl.-La~~ HI.lctl C~.tII\O'
fIIlllIII811AtltiiYiiOTOj;NICI(1t Tr\;;;'"...
.
_.~
Doubl&-l.AJ8IP- ftlplioL&ytt 0l1l8I'" 81l1litnlf01",,11
-;~eo.
-'5o4Di
Jli101 -=:lDI 1II0te40 411}t8 456
TAIL! 1I.'~" Trill 01 NIC'l8I I_'ie 1I0IIgI,lon .111111' Coftt8ll'
...
cUo."".."
->0." 11'1"" ~O,O.."'In' NOI.I' BoIIOlll MICSGllilllllihaalJllU') TOil"'1 T~ M.~ ..a..
~~ XIA Copper WIdline:,lAMlr."1 .". tfttIt a_I.
. 'or NOI'I ., aM .. .. Seotlon e.
3.1.1
J/",I/II:,.1I'
$uqalu thollsurflcu
normallyvisible(direc\Jyor byrcnecdon)thatareessentialto theappearance
or .ervfceabllltyof the anicle when 811CmbledIn normal
position:or that can belthe sourceor c:orrosionproductslhat defice visiblesul'f8CC$ou the assembledarticle. When
nec:elllry,the II.nlOcantsurracesshall be speeinedby the
purchuer and shallbeIndicatedon the drawinp of theparts.
or
by the pravilioft of lultabl)l markedsample.. 4. ct..,U1car1oft4.1 FIvearaclol orcoatinas desiaoatodby service condition
, ftumben and ..v.tI! types ofcoetin..dcO~edby classlfica.
tion numberaatecovuedby thi.speeincation. 4.2 Smlt, COlldillDnNumb":
4.2.1 The 8trvlce condition numb.rindicatel the ..verity of ejtpo$ureror which the gradeor cOltlnaII Intended: ,
SC j extended .eycr~ $CJ'\tiec
sC 4 very .,vert Hrvicc,' SC J "VIr. .'rYiCt, SC 2 modentf. Ilf\llce.and
SC 1 mild service.
4.2.2 Typical serviClcondition. for which the varioul
service
condition number! Ife appropriate are Jivenin
Appendix X I.
4.3 Comi", Claslijlc:atiQfINumb,r- The coAtil\8clwin.
cationnumbereomprtses:
4.3.1 The cliemlcalsymbolrorthebui. meJaI
(orforthe
principII
mew It.n aUoy)~nowedby. .Iash
mark.
".3.2 The chemlcals)'mbol rorcopper(Cu)(If capporIs
U&~d). ' ,
4.1.1 A num~r
indicatln.
theminhDumthiclenessof the coppercoalinain micrometret(U'copper il used),4.3.4 A lower-cue letter designatlns tho t)'J)Cor co~per
deposit(ir Gopperil used) (se. 4." and 6.2.3), 4,3.5 The chernlcaJ uymbol ror nickel (Ni).
4,3.6 A number indic:atlnathe I'I\h'limumthickneaa
orIhe
nickel coalin" in mic:rurnetre.,
4.1.7 A.
lower~cue
lete.rdelianatln.thotypt of nickel
dCPQlit(see 4.4 find 6.2.4),
4.3.8 The cl\cmlcilsymbolrarchromium(Cr),and
4.3.9 A lotter(or leuors)deaianatin.thetypoofchromham
, depositand it. minimum thlckn... in micrometrCl(He 4.4
and 6.~.5).
,~.4 $)Jmbo/Jji),E.qJtlls/nt CltUl(j1tmIDfI-Th.faUowln, . lowor-tase letten shall be used in c:OItln8c:laullic8tion
~ numbersto describetho ty. ot coatinil: . -duc:tlle tc)~I~t,dej:lOSltedr,orn.cid.t1fP8 baths
b -sinllt-1aye1 I\lOkcldeposited in thefbllY.brialucondition
,. -dull or ltift\:-h"'ah. n~"cl rCQllirini pal:lhi... '0' &I-. tlil/
brisJuneu " .. S'd Steel
-_71S1D':'28
"
'0 0I ,d -doubt.. ortripl..I.~.rfliek~1~oalin&S
r -",1I11t (thilla, CCnYflllllollal)ehtomilolm me -mictOCllcltld chromhlm
mJl-mlotQporo". chrornlum
4.5Exampl,qf'CDmpl",
ClatlijlCtltiO"
NumbtrJ-A coat.
in. on Iteel comprilin. I' j.Lmminimum(ductileacid)
c:apperplus 2' 11mminimum (duplex)nickel
plul0.25~m
minimum (mlc~racked) chromiumhu the (:Iaulftcatlon number: Fe/tu15a NI2Sd Cr mc (- 4.3 and 6.1 for .~pl.n.tion or Iymboll),
S. OrderinllnfoflDadolS,
S.I Whenordenq uUcl.. to b. electroplated in
conform-aneewiththis standard, the puroha.ser shall IIlIItethe rol.. lowing:
'.1.1 The!ASTM de$iSnAtionnumber of thl~ Stt\ndatd.
,. '.2 Eitherthe clUllOcaUonn&&mber or
&fteIpcctnccoat-In, required (see 4.3) D' the lubltrlle maceri.a1and thelOrvlt:e:
conditio" "\lmbet denotiq the Beyerityof the conditionsit
is required to wlthltlnd (lee 4.2). If ttte !IOl'Vlce~oncUtioft number is quoted alld not Ihe ellllint:ation nunlbet, the manufacturer '5 free to supplyIny or the tYp6!1of cO8llnas d..lan.ted by thl claasificationnloJmbel'llc:ot1'l!spcndin.to
TABL.!I NI.tl "lullCllremlumCoolIl\g' elt lta,l
ND'.1-Au\IIt, 01. "" 1II'IIf1/ll1rlGlla1'Ultr't 18II)1\IImil'" wMUWIlI8
bII,IliII!a "y.'I""S dfllItIIlI6d by IJ'II c~..slftca'iatl nllmlj.,.. II'\w~~II'D 'UClutll cIwo
millm .,. uli'factorY for SC 4 IIId ~C 3.
Non 2-Whtn pennllttCI till Ih. II\IfCNIIf, cop!* mill)' ~ Illed .. 811 undercoal/Of ttk:ktl bII' It noC !tuGtlih..1aDIefar ."y wt 01 "'" IIlcMj Iftj,knest ,pecllIed. If \l1li ~ 01 /!Oppel t. pCImIilttd, T.bIIt 3 till, 118ullOO10 oIal8intho
.am. ro.~1IOn..
Clt..IIIcI'1On NO." -- NIck81 1'1I1CICnIII. -1'111 'o/Nidd Crma
,;
Fu/NI3$cfCt m~ 35 F"/N~011Of r .0 Fol"ll30c1Ct me 120 PII/NI~OCIer mp 3D FClINI~OtCf, 30 Ffl/NIIIOCrIl1O' 21 "'/Nlllei Cr"'~ II F./NMCJCt, 40 II"NI~O.C,mo :10 'II/NI:.OpCt~ 30 'e/NI20110, r :to f:'JNII'~Cr1M l' Fefl'4l's.Cr 1'111 1. Ie,.
-
Ft/NIIOI
0/,
10
~
"WIIaIIa &dItit ..d" """" IIIr"'. """"'. Dnldtl/ IIU, D8 IIID8ulllt8lf
lOt a b ftlckll or lor IN IriOn' lI,er 01 d 1IIokII.
.. p 014 lI!ellal m.y De lutI"IMICII«
,
/\ICk. In SInice CeIIcdllonHOt. I and I, ~ m: ormpClVotnIwl'ln'I8)'., lloIIIIcll\II8Grill, CftlanlumIn~ ~tJOft NO,I.IIrvIot CIfIGIIiM No.
8CI so'.
sea
8ca.
2
6S11-268 S0S N3A31S 'l'~ E1:21 S6. 61 lnr ~ ~----07/19/95 09:51 D~I8NT ENGINEERINGco., INC. ~ 505 892 11~~ NU.ll:Jb 1"'Id\O4/\Ql":
TABLE3 Copper Plul Nick., Plul Ch,omillm CoaUngl an Bt.., StrvIceCondltiC1ll ClassIllCatlOnNo.. NIcktI'nIicknn.,
~
. pmSO 1\ "1/Cu'S.N"t3OdCr "'° 30
Fe/Cu'S. NI3Od Cr mp 30
1ft/CutS.Ni25d Ct II'rC 25 Fe/OU'S, Ni25dcr "'P 25 FI/Cu,2a NJ2OdCf me 20 F8lCu12aNi:lOOOr mil 20
.. WhIrl a d...11or lIalin 'InlShls required. ""buffed II nickel may be IUI'ISliluled lor lhe bf"IGI'lIIIy8'( 01 IS nlck.l.
sc. SC3
TABLE4 CO"," PlUINick,1P/ul Chromium tOltinlll' onZInc
. . Alloy
NOTi-Result$01. toslprogram iMitate Ihal8 ill lome dOl/i'll wl'lttl'l.t lhe
coating systems de.etj~CI 1'1,th8 dll8lificedon IIlImllerS itIVOlvingrogutarC/Uoo mum 8f1Ut!SIICtC/YlorSC. InllSC3. .
ServfoeConCli.tOIiNo, Clessl'lcatiOn No.
~-
~ SC S ZnlCuSNi35dCt I'IC2n/CIIS N'135d Ci' nip
Nk1kel ThIcIInns. JIM
. 35 35 set SC3 SC2' so ,. %/l/Cu&Ni'DbCr, '0 " When . Gull Of sat!r'i FinIsh IS roqu.rOd. uJ\lIIIn~ p'niekelllllY 1:18lubSlit1.lttd for b nICkel or for the brigMt llyer 01 d nlc:kel. .
. p or ISnlck.1 t"tI., be IWbslitutlCl'OI b nldwlln Service ConditlOtt NOs. 2 and
1. and I'N:or mpdlromlun\ mly be substituted 'Of r tIIromlum In ServIcI Cl:lndluon
No.t.
the specified service,. conditionnumber,as JiveDin Tables2.
3, 4, or ::i. On request, the manufacturer shaJJ infonn the purch8JC!:ofthe classification number of the coating applied. 5.1.3 The appearance required, roOrexample,bright,dull,
ot $Btin.Ahemalively, samples showina the required finish or RInge of fini$h shaJl be supplied or approved by the purchaser.
S.I.4 The IIlanHicantsurfaces, to be indicated on drawings of the parts. or by !.he provision or suitably marked
speci-mens (see 3.1).
S.1.S The poshions on significantsurfaces for rack or
contact marks, where such marks Ire unavoidable (see6.1.1). 5.1.6 The f:ktent to which defects shall be tolerated on nonsignificant surfaces.
5.1.7 The ductility Ir other than the standard value (see 6.4).
5.1.8 The utent of tolerable surface deterioration after corrosion testlna (sct! 6.6.3).
5.1.9 SampUnamethods and acceptanc:eIcvels(seeSec.
\ion 7).
5.1.10 The minimum values orth~ electrochemical poten. tial differences between individual nickellayeJ5 as measured
9'd
-~-- -- ~
4t B 456
TABLE5 NiCk.' Pltll t:hromlum CoaUng'"on r.ap~..' or COlllpt,
Alloy, .
N~TI!-AItIICIu;h h dUliftcltlan ~ are lIuarnctcry for UCftcf iI8 InCIiCIttelaervIcecandltICIn n\IIIW.. """'"' UIinQn'iCJctRI=nI/n~. ~Ium
are ;1I,.,.an~ IUperIor in ocrroCIIan ralltani:8 to 11'1010ua1118 Ng!Aat ctIraINum.
SMvieeCct1dItlcnNo. Cl8WllcltIOnNo,A N1dc.,~nolll..
SC4 CU/N13OdOr, :SO
C\I{NI25dCrme as .
CU/Nl2Sd Cr 1111) 25
.
1SC3SC;!O
SOl' Cu/Nl5bCr,
--~~
5~Whena dvllor otin tllllllllt ,_8d, Ullbutlacsp nlC*f' may beIUrJ8UIllt~
t« tI niCkelor fortI1t Clrlfht 11)'" 01 d n1cIcll.
IPcr GnIt:okeimay be subllIMeCI fer b nlckll h SIW\riCI8CcnditIan NoI. 2 and
1 ~ me 01'mp cI1rcml\llllMat t)fraubstllUI8dfDr t ct\romILnTIInService~IOII
No.t.
in accordance with Method B 764 within the limitsBivenin
6.7.
.5.1.1J Adhesion Test-The adhe$lon test to be used (see 6.3)..
6. Product Requirements 6.1 Visual
Ddtcu:
6.1.J The sisnific.antsurfacesof the electroplated article shaJJbe freeof cleatl)'visibleplatinsdefects,suchas blisten, pits, rouihncsS. tracl($.aDduncoatedlUgs and shalldot be
sWncd or diSCDlored.On articles where a visible conlict mark's unavoidable, its posi\ion shall be specHiedby the purchaser.Theelectroplated article shall be cleanandfreeof
damale,
6.1.2 Defects in the surface of thc basis metal, such as scratches, porosity, no~conductin8 Inclusion~, roll and die marks, cold shuts, and cracks, ltIay advu~l)' affect the appearance and the perfonnance Df coatings applied thereto despite the observanc!: of the best electroplating practices. AccordinsJy, the plater's responsibility for defects in tbe coatins resultins frornsuchconditions shall1:e walv~d. . Nora 2-To minlmi2e,problemsor mis f~, the specifications
coven". the basismaterilJ0" the item to be electroplatedshouldconl.ain appropriato Iimit8tJoas OD'\lcb basIJ mcral CX)oditioos.
6.2
Processand CC)AlingRequirernentt:6.2.1 Proper prepantory prOC:edures and thorough cieaniul of the basis metal surface are ~ssentia\ for satisfac-tory adhesioDand cOrTInlonperformanco of the coatins. Accordingly, the applimtble praCticcsfor the preparatiDn of various basis meWs for electroplatingshall be followed. Various ASTM practiCC$ tor the preJlaracion of basis me",\ are available. See Section 2.
3 6£tt-268 £0£ NGA31S 'l'~ vt:2t £6. 6t lnr ---INCuS Ni351SCr r 35 Zn/Cu5 NI3OdCr mc 30 Zft/CIIS NI3011 Ct mp 30
%n/CII5 1I/'25C1 CI' r 25
Zn/Cu5 Ni2DuCr me Zn/Cu5 NI2OdCr mp 20 nlCl/$ Ni3SP Cr r 35 tn/CuS Ni2SpC'. mc 2S ZnJCu5 N125pCr I'll) 25 tn/Cull NI2QbCr r 20 Zn/C5 Nasl'I Ct me .
'5
2n/Cu5 Ni1Sb Cr "'II 15
Cu/Nl25dCr, 25
.
Cu/N12OdC, me: 20 Cv{NI2Od Cr nip 20 OulNi25p Cr r 28 Cu/N12OpCr me 20 CII/NI20pCr Inp 20 CwJNi30bCr r 30 CuJNt2lib(irme 25 CujNl25b Cr mp 25 CIIJNI15DC, , 1S CuJNi10D Cr me 10 : CU/NI10bOr mp. 10"'. ( I' J. ='1'='=> Ia::' ; =>~ 1)UI..UI'It:.I't' t:.1't\:lJ r~t:.t:.r::I 1"11.;:1'_U., J ""-. .." ..JI:J..J l:I:;Jc; 1.1 J::1 "fW. J.'.'U I ~" ,
41ftt
B 4$8
6.2.2 FOllowing the preparatory operations. the parts(articles) to be electroplated arc introduced in s~ch plating baths as requiredto producethe typesofdepositS described by the spec:if1ccoating c:fassiftC:lItiannumbers or one of the coatins classification numbers listed in Tables 2, 3, 4, or 5 appropriate.for the specified set'lice condition number.
6.2.3 Type of Copper and Deposil
Thlckness.-6.2.3.1 Type o/Copper-The type ofeoppet is designated
by the ronowingsymbolsthat are placedafterthe thickness
value:
a for ductilecopperdeposited from acid-type baths'
con-tainins additives that promote leveling by the copper deposit
'and that havean elonption not lessthan8 %.
No symbol is placedafterthe thicknessvalue
if a
min-Imum elansatlonIs not required
or if a deposit
from a non-levelingbath is permiued. .6.2.3.2 Thicknejj 01 Copper Deporits- The number fol-lowina the c:helJ~ical symbol for copper (Cu) indicates in micro metres the minimum thickness of the c:opper deposit at .pointson significantsurfaces(see 3.1).
6.2.4 Type of Nickel and Deposit Thickness...
6.2.4.1 Type of Nickel-The type of nickel is designated
by.thofOliowinBsymbols,whi,b are placedafterthe
thick-nessvalue(Note5):
b fornickel deposited in the fully bright condition.
p ror dull or st~mi-bri&htnickel requiring polishlna to eave full brightness. This niclcclshancontain less than 0.005 mass% sulfut (Notes3 and 4). andhave an elongation of not. less than 8 ~.
d for a double-layer or triple-layar nickel cOllins. The bottom layer of this coating system shall a)ntain les.sthan
O.ooSmass% sulfur(Note4),andshanhavean elongation
of not less than 8
%.
The top layer of this system shall contain more than 0.04 mass% sulfur (Notcs 3 And 4), and itsthicknessshaUbe not IC$$than 10 % of the totalnickel thlckMSS: the thickness of the bottom layer in double-layer cQatinss shall not be [ess than 60 % of the total nickel thickness, except (Ot steel. where it shall be at leas17$ %. In triple-layer coatings. the bottom layer shall be not less than SO% nor man: than 70 %. It there are three layers, the intermediate layer shall contain not less
than 0.15 mass% sulfurand shallnot exceed10 %of tbe
tOtaJ nickel thickness. These' requirements for multilayer
nickelcoatin...o;
aresummaritedin TableI.
. .NOTE3- rhe sullUrconteIllSan specifiedin ordor ~oindicatewhich type or nickllelmvoplatinssol"uon must ha used. AlthouSh at pracnt. no simple method Is available for decenninlna ttle sulfur COntent or a nickel depQsit on a coated article. chl:mlc:a1determinations are possibll usina speciaJly pnpared test specimens (HI! Appendix X3).
NOtE 4-t~ will usually be IIOssible10 idl!lItify the t)/lle of nickel by microscopical CJlarnlnation or lhe polished and Itched section or an Ilrticle i>replred In ILCcOrdalletwith TestMemed8481. The thickneu or the individual nickel la~el$ in double-layer. and tIi!)lc.la)'Clrcoatinl\.!. as well II Ihe ele~uoehemlcaJ relaliol\$hips between thl! Individu" laycr.!. eliI'!al$o be mell$lIred by Ihe STEP test.' in accordance wilh Method
8764. . ..
6.2.4.2 Thick111U Df Nickel Otpotil- The number
rol--
lowing the chemical symbol Ni indicates. in micrometn:s,'HmuIDk. E. P.. "Simulttnecl'" T1titkncsa and EleCltOI:l\emicDIPOlenli:ll Oclcnnlnallon of Il\di..idu:lll.Q~etl in Mullil:aver N'relt.1 ~pOsils,' PltJI'"R Qlld
S"r/IIC/! I'1nl.r/,;",. Vol 67. No. 49. February 1980.
..
L'd
the minimum thldcne$sof thenickelclecuodeposit at polnu on thesignificant surface (see3.1).
6.2.5 Type0/ ChromiumandDepositThickl'less:
6.2.5.1 Type 01Chromium-The Iypeor chromium de.
posit is designated by the fOllowina symbols phlcedaftetthe
chemicalsymb.ol Cr: .
r for "regular" (that is, conventionaJ) chromium.
me for microcracked chromium, having More than 30
cracks/mm in any direction over the whoLe of the silnifi.
cant surface. Thecracksshall be invisibleto the unaided
eye (see 6.9).
mp for microporou$chromiumcontaining a minimum of
.10000 pores/lOmm b1' 10mmsquare (LO000 em1). The pores shall
~
Invisible to the unaided eye (lite6.9).6.2.5.2 Thicknell of Chrom{umDepos/r-Theminimum
thicknessof the chrami\lm deposit shallbe 0,25 11mon
si&nificantsurfaces (see3.1),exceptthat forservice condition
SC I (see4.2.1) the minimum thicknessmay be reducedto
O.f 3 ~un. The thickness of chromiunt is designated by the
same symbol as the type,irlstead of by numerals as in thecase ofcopper and nickel.
6.3 Adhl$(on- The coatins shall be 5ufficltmtlyadherent to the basis metal, and the separate layers of multilayer coatingssbanbesufficiently. adherent to eachotber.to pass the appropriatetC!$t$detajled in Test Method$B 571. The particular test or tests to be used shallbe spc~cif1edby the purchaser.
6.4
DUClililjl- The ductility shalt be such that the elonga-tion will not be less than statedin 6.2.3.1rorcopper and6.2.4.1for nickelwhen tested by the methodgjven In
Appendix.X2. Greaterelongationmay be requestedbut shall be subject to asrcement between the purchaserand the
manufacturer. .
6.S Coaling Thlckne.rs:.
6.S.1 The minimum coltin, thickne$SshaJJbe IS desig-nated by the coatitll elassUicahonnumber.
6.5.2 It is rea)gnlzcd cbat requirements 018)' exist (or thicker coatings than are c.overedby this slJeCiflcalion.
6.S.3 The thicknessor a coating and iu various layers
shall be measuredat paints on the slgnifi4::antsurfaces(Sel:
3.1 and Note S). .
NOT!! 5-When slanificantsurfacesare 1Jwolvtdon which (he spcciOcdthickness ot deposit cannot readilY be controlled.suchas
Ulreads, koles. deep teCCSSCt,bws oran&les.!I\!Idsimilar ara&, 1I1e
purchaseundthe manufactutlt should r8C0anluU,cnc<.~!SSityrorlither thicker dcposll$011thc more ac:c:essIbles\tr(accs Of for spcciaJ r:ilckin8. Special ricksmlY Involvc~hcU5Cor conrolTltlng.aUliiliary.or bipolar
eleeU'Odesorft<lDl:ollduct!nlst\ie1d8. .
6.S.3.1
The coulometric
methoddesclibedin Methoc:tB 504 may beusedto lt1e.uurethicknessof thechromium. the total thickness or thenickel, and the thkkness of the copper. The STEP test. Method B 7641 whicl\ is similar to the coulometric: method, may be used 10 c:losely estimate the thicknesses of Indillidual layers of nickel in Ii multilayer c:olning.
6.5.3.2Thc micro$CopiaJ method describc:d in Test
Me&hodB 487 may be usedto measurethethictmessof each nfckellayerandof thecopperlayer.
6.S.3.3 The X-ray method described in Test Method B 568 may be
used
whenthe total thickness -clfa coppetl4
6S11-268 S0S N3A31S 'l'~ 91:21 S6, 61 lnr
---£17/19/95 1i1=':~,j UUCUM~NI ~NblN~~~lNb LU.. IN~. ~ ~~~ ~~~ !!~~ I'!U. J.OQ r\:J"-'Qr
\:JJ."-,iii B4SS
nickel/chromiumcomposite coating is to be measured,
withoUI an)' indication of tbe thickness of eachindividual
layer; "
6.5.3.4 Other methods may be usedif it can be demon.
stratcd that tt\e uncC:J1.aintyof the measurement is less than
10%, or lessthan thatof anyapplicablemethod mentioned in 6.S.3.0Iher methodsarc outJint:din Guide B 659. .
6.6 Corrosion TeSt;ng:
6.6.1 Coaled arlides shall be subjected to the COlTosion . teSIfor a period Dftime that is appropriate for the panicular
service condition n.:amber (or for the service condition number corrcsponding to a specifiedclass.ificationnumber)
as shown in Table 6. The test is ()esc:ribed in detail in the referenctd ASTMdesianation.
NOTE 6- There is nc direct relation betweenthe reslIlu or an .ct~lerated «:ol'1oslonleSI "nd the rlSiSl3ncr to toITosion in other mcdia.
be~allse seve:ral f.clorl. sueh as the fonnadon of protecUvI films. 'nnllenc:t Iht pro&fCSSof cOITOiionand vary areatl)' with the eonditions enrounlel'td. The resuh5 obtained in the: tlsl should. thererore. nol be rc:,:ndC!d as a direel (luidll to Ihe c:onosion rtsisl:t.n~ of Ihe: ICSled malenals In all envitOnmenlSwherethese m~nerialsmay beused.AI50. perfotmance: or ditTerenl malerial, in thl tesl cannOI always be taken as a dire"l &uide10therelativetesislanceof Ihesemalen;lIsin service.
6.6.2 After the anide has been subjected 10 the treatment described in \he relevant corrosion test method. it' shall be examined (or corrosion of the basis metal or blisteringof the coatin&. Any basis metal eorrosion or blistering of the coatinsshallbe cause for rejection.It is to be understood that occasional widely scattered,small corrosion defects may be observed after the teatina period. In general, "acceptable
res.istance" Jhall mean that such defects are not, when viewed
critically,slenificantiydefaclnaorotherwise deJeteriousto the function of the electroplatedpart. A method of ratina cortosion is ,.iven in Pmctice
a
537.6.6.3 Surfacedeteriorationof thecoatini itselfis expected
to occur during the testins ofsome types of coatinls. The utent to which such surface deterioration will be toJerated
shallbe speclnedby thepurchaser.
6.7 ST,~P j~$r Requirements:
6.1.1 The electrochemical potential differences between individual nickel layers shall be measured for muJtilayer coalings c:ormpond1hato SC5. SC4, and SC3 in accordance
with Method B i64 (STEPTesl).
NOT£ 7-Un;vtr$aUy accepltd STEP values havt 1101beln eslab-liihtd but someagteement in Ihe value of ranaeshas been obLained. The STEP 'Valuts del,end upon which twonickell.ycn are bein. measured.
Thc STEP pountialdifferencebclwec;n the: seml-briE'.ht nieltellll)"!r and Ihe bri8ht nickel la)'Cr lias 8 ftlnlt 1)( 100 to 200 mY. For all combinations or nlekellaym. mo scml-brisJtl nicklilayer Is mOR noble (C8thodic) than the briaht nlcketlayer.
The StEP pOtential difference between the hIJh-a.cti\'ity ui«:kellayer and the briJht nickeillyer In Uiplc-Iayer cn.lJnas 111,\a potentlAl.1Inge or I S to " mY. The hiah-ac:tMt)' nickel 11)'lIrIs nlora active (anodic) than the bliSht nickell.)'If.
The STEP potlntial differeDu bllween the brisht Dickell.)'Ir and .. nickeillyer belwccn me bright nickcll.ytr and the cbromlum layerhas . polen1ialranae oro to 30 mY. The bri8ht nleblla)'er Is morc ao1ivc
(anodic) than th~ mckel laYITprior to ebromium.
6.8Sul/urCo",ent:
6.8.1 The sulfur content of the nickl:I dc~po$itshaltmeet
the maximum' or minimum vaJues as JUttedin 6,2.4.1 Ind
Table I.
6.8.2 Methods for sulfur dctemlinatlons are given in Appendix X3.
6.9 Dens;ty and Measurement of tileDi.5continu;liesin
Chromium:
6.9.1 'The density or cracks Dr pore$ in microcracked or
microporous chronlium deposits slutll meetminimum
vaJues. Microcracked chromium shall havemore than30
cracks/mm(300crac~ks/cm)in Anydirection over,he whole of the significantsurface. Mi~rOPi3rouschromium shall
containa minimum or JO000 pores/IOb:l 10 mm square . (to 000 pores/em;') in any directionoverme wholeof the
significant surface, The cracksand pores shitlllx: invisible tD
theunaided eye. ,
6.9.2 Methods for measurin8 the di~Ohtil1uit.iesIIrcth,cn in Appendix X4. See X4.4 in Appendix.X4 for a means
of
detennining
Qct;vecorrosion sites by COITOsiol'lt!lstins. "1. SamplinaRequirements
i.1
The samp1ini ptan used for lhe .Inspectionof aquantity of coated articles Shan be as agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier.
NOT'; 8-Usually, who" a eollll::uonor CO'atedanlcl", Iho inspection
lot (8.2).is eltlmlnedforcompliance with the l'8Qul~menlS,laerG on
thecDatina. a relativelyamaJlDumber of 'he.mcles. the sample!.is
scI~tcd II random and is hl3pected. The inspection 101as \hen classined IS complying or not comptyiaa with dill requirem.nts baaed on the results of ~heinspection af 11\,ample. The sl~eor ~hlfiIiIImpJe andIhe
,criteria
or
compliance .8111determined by the appllc:allon of stalistics. TIleprocaduR! is knownas amplin. Inspecr.ion.Thnte standards. YeslMethodB602,Guide8691.Incl MethodB '/62<:011141"somplinaplans that are desi8nedfor the IIRlplins Inspecti(1I) of coatinf,$.
Tat Melhod B 602contains(our umplinl plans,threefor IIU wbh
TABLE & Corro.lonT..,. Appropri.tetorEachStryl~. COnditionNUMbtr
NOT£1-The I~ed '"",1"" ISllspray IC'SI,TISI Melhod8117 "*' bIIenQlntlf'8I1yClIlCired1tlCllISan1CCIII..111IdCORVSIon1151lor cJeconItlve "1cklf.d\romlURI COllings IArge~ t1eC"4I1S.01 t.Ck 01 "plodIICibifily 01 ,esulIS,"lIla r8cQgn1zed. ftOwlver. Ihllilhe tl"" tllU UHISIn 8OR'IIMglftllllt. 01Il1o l!Ic1rcpl8brlQ ,""u,.ry 10 CIIedc 11\. tju.fity 01 COII/J\gs 1t\lelldeG '011118 wn"" rellllvely II\ItI $Inrlct COIICIition1. ~ly.111a SUOIIlltId ~I any u.. of IlIIt ttltllMlllf18 r8Q\riItmtmlS tu balMl De the euajeel 1)1'egrll8lllQl\1 bet"'Mn 1118PJICh"" 1Mb manullClwrtr and. furthIII'. thai il8 we be canfinecl to the CDI'lrlQt IndIcaIld .. tppI~111' to' Serlica CQndIIIIII'II
Nos.2aI1d1. '
Non 2-Tne 'AC81ic;'s8lt Melhod 8287 has been 1IIscon1inl/ld.
8asIsMtI.I. 6eMco OnllianNO.
' Acetl(:ollllt MllhOd B 287 CASt MIIhOd ISH SC5 44 SC 4 ft TWII18-1tCytIe& '144 ~3 d ~ H
sca
...
1!4
SC1
8
,. MlndiUI. A...Slal'ldardSill.Spray Te'I-ls It. Valid Ac:oeptance fe',? PropertJ... T'81111114PerfORnlrlC801 E~odeposl'lId M18lldUcCoatlnUI.ASTMSTP liT.
ASTM t8~G. p. 107.
S
SlteII, me. ,/loy. Cr copper .rId , g)Dpet IUoy 8'd Caro8Ion-;:;11nd IJutaIlorl h CIc:mIc1kOII Me\hocl B 380
---,
6S11-268 S0S N3A31S .l'~ 81:21 S6. 61 lnr --- - - - - --- ------0'7/19/95 09:54 DOCUMENTENGINEERING CO., INL;. ~ ::'\:j:::! C!:!;:: 11:::!~ I'~IJ. It:Jb t"""'" (" "'J.":
4.
B 456
le5\s thaI An: n6n~e$tNttivt and one when thc)' II~ dcstNctivc. The buyerand seller may asree on the plan Ot plansto b.!used. Ir they do noi. Test Method.8 602 Identities the plan to used.
Guide B 691 provides I carp number of plans and also a!ves ,uidanee on the sell:l:lion of ~ plan. When Ouidc 8 697 is sptl;incd. the b\lycr IInd teller needto a&reoon the "llIn 10 be used.
Method B 762 ell" be used only for coatltlC requirements Ihat ha1lCa nlimeriC41 IImi" such U C:OItinll thicknas. The lest must yield 11 n\lmericaJ value nnd "ruin slatisticaJ req\liremencs must be met. Method B 762 contains Sl:vctal plans and also &ivC$instl'UctioRS for ealeulatin. plan. to meetsoeeiQJ needs. Tile buyer Illd UIo sellet may IlJtee on the pilln or plans to be USId. If lhay do not. 8 76.1 IdentitiesIhe planto be used.
NOTE 9-Whcn both destructiva and .nondatructivi testa exist ror
the mc~uremClnt of. c:haraCkris\ic. the purchaser needl to state which is to be used SOIhe proper samplinl plan i5 scllcled. A test may. de"roy the coatill8 but in anonc:ritica1arca;Ot, althou8h it may desiroy the coatlnL a lested part may be reclaiMed by sttippins and rec:oalJn.. The purcllnscr needs to state whether the IC$tis to be considered destNctivc or nondestftlctlve.
7.2 An insPectionlot shall be definedas Ii collection of coatedarticlesthat are ot the same kind, that have beCD producedto the same specifications,thathavebeen coated
by It sin&.lesupplier at one time or approximately the same
time under essentially Identical conditions, ~nd that afft
submittedforacceptanceor rejectionas a group.
7.3 Ifseparate
test
specimensarc used10 r.cpresentthecoated anlcles in a test. tbl~specimens shall be of the nature, !!I~e,and numberand be prcx:essedas tecluiredilt Appen-dixesX2, X3, and X4. Unlessa needcanbedemonstrated. separately prepared specimens shall not be used In place of production items for nondestructive tests and visuIl1exami. nation. for destructivetestS includins determination of ad. hesion, ductility, sulfur contents. the number of discontlnu\.
ties,and corrosiontestinl. separatelypn,pan:d specimens
maybeused.
I. Packagina
8.1 Pans plated for the:U.S. Oovemment and military.
inc:ludinssubcontracts, shallbepackagedin accordance
with
Practice D 39S 1. 9. K.)'Words
9.t corrosion:
decorative;eiettrodeposited c:hromiumielec:uodeposited copper, electrode posited niCkel APPENDIXES
(NonmandBtory InformatloQ)
XI, DEFINITIONS AND EXAMPLES OF SERVICE CONDITIONS FOR WHICH THE VAR10US SERVICE CONDITION NUMBERS ARE APPROPRIATE
. XI.I Service Condition No. SC j (Extended VII')' St-vere)-Service conditions that include likelydamaacfrom
dentin.. scratchJnl, and abrasive wear in addition to expo.-sure to corrosive environments where long-time protection of
the substrate is required; for example, conditions encoun. tered by Some"tenor componentsof automobiles. .
XI.2 COlldlttonNo. SC 4 (Very Severe)-Servlce condi.
tions that Il\clude1ikelydamagefrolll dentin.. scratchina,
and abrasivtIwc:prin addition to exposure10 corrosive environmentSi for example, conditions encountered by ute. .
rior
componentsQf automobilesand byboat
nnings
in salt
water service.
XI.) Se~/ct Condition No. SC j (Severe)-Exposure
that is likely to includeoc:c:<a.sionaiOt tre~uel'lt w~tting by rain
or dew or possibly strona cleaners and saline 5Olutlons~for
exampic, conditionsencounteredby porch and lawn furni-ture: bicycle and perambulator pan$i hClspitalfurniture and
fixtures.
.X 1.4ServiceConditic)1INo.SC2 (Modertlle)-ExpoSUrCI
indoorsin places
wherecondensation
of
nmisturemayoccur;for exampte,in kitchensandbathroom~.
X 1.5ServiceConditionNt).SC I (Mild)-Ey,posure
in-doors
in nannall)'
warm, dry atmospheresv.-ithcoatingsubjectto minimum wearor abrasion.
Xl- DUcrlLlTY TEST
NOT!! XZ.I- Th.ls lest is used 10 ensul'O cQmplianec or the typil or topper and nickel d.er>ositwitb !hI appropriale dlfinilian &i\'Cftin 6.4.
X2.' Preparation
ofTen
Piece:X2.i.l
Prcpar~an
electroplatedtest strip, ISOmm (onl.10 rnm wide,and 1 rom thick by thefollowingmethod:
X2. 1.1.l Polish a sheet or the appropriate basis metal, similar to that of the a!ticles bein, electroplated, eJtcept that
If the basismota!is zinc alloy.thesheetmay be:ofsoftb~, (Use a sheet sufficlentl)fIBraeto aJlow the test strip to be cut
~ from itScent$rafter trimming ofTa border 25 mm wideall
around.r Electroplate the polished cide of the sheet with copper or nickel to a thickness or 25 ~m under the samecon.
ditionsandin thesamebath 81 the corresponding articles. X2.J.J.2 Cut the te3t.$trip from the: cl~c:troplatcd shect
6'd
~-
--with a nat shear. Round or chamfer the longer edgtS of the strip, at least on the electroplated side, by C41'I~fuIfiling 01' Jrindlns.
X2.2 Procedure-Bend the test strip whh the
electro-plated side IntenGloG(C1I1the outside), by steadilyapplyins
pressure, through l80. over a mandrel of I LS mm diameter until the Cwoends or the test strip are pa(;~lIel.Ensure that contact between the test scrip and the n,andrel illm~~ntained durina bending.
X2.3 As.sessmenl-The electroplatlns is deemed 10
cOlUplywith the minimum requirement of an elongationof 8 % if after~"tina ther~are nocracksP8.&Sinacompletely across the con\"ex surface.SmaJlcracks
at the edgesdo not
slanity failllA:.6
6S~~-268 S0S N3A315 'l'~ 02:2~S6. 6~ lnr
--07/19/95 09:55 DUCUM~NI ~N~lN~~~INb CU.. INC. ~ ~~~ ~~~ 11~~ I'II.J, J.ClO rl:Jl:Jc' I:;JJ.~
.
B 458
X3. DETERMJNA TlON OF SULFUR IN ELECfRODEPOSITED NICKEL (NO1"E X3.I)
The roUowir'l&twomethodsforthe determinationof sulfur
in electroplated nickel arc given as guidelines for use to test compliance of the type of nickel deposit with the appropriate
dclinltion eJvenIn 6.3.:2,They representmethodsthat have
been used with success commercially; they 8rc not ASTM standards, nor is It the intent in publishing these methods to preclude the use of other methods or variotions in these
Methods, ..
X3.1 TOlal Sulfur in Electroplated Nickel by CombusUon-. IodateTilr.1io"
X3.1.1
Stope-This method
coversthe detennlnationofsulfurin concentrations from 0.005 to O.S mass %.
X3.1.2Swmmary of Melhod-A major pan or the sulfur
in the sanlple is converted to sulfur dioxide (SO2) by combustion in a slrtam or oxygen using an induction futnlce. During the combustion, ,be SO1 is absorbed in an acidified 5Utrcb-jodidesolution and titrated with potassium iodate Solulion, The latt~r is standardized against stcelsof knownsulfur con~entto compensatefor characteristi~of a
Bivenapparatusand for day.,;to-day
\'ariation
in the per..centaaeof sulfur recoycred as 802, Compcnsadon ismade
. (ot the blank because of accelerators and crucibles.
Non X3.1-lnstrumentsore a\'ailablefor .tneasurin&the sull'ur dlo~idefrom combustionby Inrrareddeteetiot\methodsand uun.
built.incomputen to Intesraleand displaythe.lull'ur cantontas a pen:entage.
X3.1.3lnrerfereficcs- The elturlen\Sordinarily present in electroplated nickel do not interfere.
X3.I,.4Apparatus-Induction heatina apparatus for de.
termination of sulfurby directcombustionas describedin . Practices E 50 (Apparatus No. 13).
X3.I.S Reagenl$: . .
X3.I.S.1 Purity
of Rtagenu-Reagent
grade chemicalssha1l be'i.lsed in all tests. Unle$S otherwise indicated, it is intended that all magcnts shalt contonn to the Specifications
.of the Comlniuee on AnaJytical Rea,ents of the American
Chemical Society. wheresuchSpecifications are available.1o
Other grades may be used. provided it is first determined that
the reagent is of sufficiently hiah purity to pennit its use
. without lesseningthe accuracyof the determination.
X3.) .S.2 Purit)' of Water-Unless otherwise indicated,
referenceto water shaUbe understood to meanreagent water
.conforming to Specification D 1193.
X3.I.S.3 Hydrochloric Acid (J""97)-Mi'l 3 volumesof concentrated hydrochloric acid (HC!) (sp 8t J.l9) with 97 volumes ofwater.
X3.I.S.4Iron (LOw-Sf.if"r) .Accel~'QlOr-Chips;
X3.U.S Iron (Low-Sulfur) Accelerator-Powder. X3.I.S.6 Potassium loda(e. Standard Solulion A ( J mt-O.t mBS)-Dis50lve 0.22.25&or pl)tWium iodate(KJo.,)In
10-Reoaenl Chemlells, AmC':rltln ClleMteal Sociel)' Spctll1callOlls," AM. Chemical Soc:.. Weshil\&ton. DC. For '1IlIlISlions an the Irtlina or tOIsenl. nOt
listed by Ih, "Mericln f.bemlcal Socld)'. see -Rea",nl Clltmical. and Slandards,. ~ Joseph AOlin. O. Villi Nostrlllld.Co.. Ine.. Naw Vorlc. NY. Rnd the .Unlled StalA PII\lr"'.co~ia. - .
0J'd
900 mL Dfwater and dilute to t t.
X3.I.S.1 Polauium Iodate,StandardSolution B (1 mL-0.02 mil S)- Tnansfer 200 ntL of potassium iodatlt Solution
A (I mL lilt 0.1 ms S) tg a 1.L volumetricflask,dilute to
volume. and mix.
NOTEXJ.2- Tht sulfur equivalentIabll3el:lon .he
completec:cmvcr-sion of sulfur to sullUr dio~dde. The I'ecOY'I'yof uul(ur as the dioxide may be lessthan 100$, ')\.Itit II consistent1~hcn the \emperlt\lreand
the rateof OA)1en now Ire malnwneCI eonslant, An ompiricalfaeaor mustbe deltnnlnerJby ah analysis or 8 standard $ample. .
X3.1.S.8 Sla'ch-/odideSolUIIDn-1'ransfer t 8 of soluble or arrowroot starch to a smallbeaker.add 2 mL ofwater, and stir until a smQothpasteis obtained.Pour the mixture infO SO mL of baiting water. Cool,add l.!i I of po~sium iodide (KJ)\ stir until dJssol\'ed, and diluteto 100 mL.
X3.t.S.9 Tin (lowaugur)AcceJel'lItor,sranular.
X3.1.6
Slalfdards-5tandards fol' cal.ibrationareNationalInstitute of Standardsaod Technology$\"1$of the proper sulfurcontent.
X3.1.7 SamplePrepa'ation:
X3.1.7.1 Pn:paR!"test panel or cold-rolledsteel ISOmm
Ions by 100 mm wide by t mm thick or any other
convenient site. C1e;t.n. IIQiddip, and ,~lec1.roplatewith
approxlmatClly7.S ~m of an adherent nickel deposit and thoroushlYrinse. ButTednickel or buffed ttainless steel may
also
be usedasa1tel118ttvesto steelelectroplatedwith nickel.X3.1.7.2 Passi'iate the test panel unCldicaJlyat 3 V for 5 to
10 s in a hot alkaline cleaner(~perature 70 to 80.C)
containing
30slL of
aodJumhydroxide(NaOH) and 30 &lL of trisodiumphosphate (Na3PO.,or 60 8IL or aD)'o&hcrsuitableanodicaUcWinecleucr.
X3.1.1.3CoattbepassivatedIe$!panel '\lith25 to 37J1m or nickel deposited from the same soluda" using tbe same
parameters as for the coated artitlCtIrepresentedby tht test
specimen.
X3.1.7.4 Removethe edges of the et~troplated panel with a hand or power shearor anyothl."famycnicnt method
that permitsreadyseparationof the tes' fail
x3.\.7.S Separationfrom the palDel,wn1htbe rilckel foil
electroplatewithwaterto removesaltsBndbiOidry. Cutinto pieces 2 to 3 mm J'tr side with a sdssol'lc.Transfer
to a
IOO.mL beaker, cover with water, and heat
'o boiling.Pour
off tbewater and wash with methanol. Air dry the nlclc(!1on
filter paper. .
X3.J.8 Weight /0" Standards and $amJ'ies,-Select aDd
welsh to the nearest 0, I mg an amonn, of !Mlmpleasfollows:
EXI*1H SulfurConlcn"
MUS~ WCi~1ofSanlplt..
0.005 to 0.10 I,CI:I:0,02 0.10100.$0 0,:1!t.O.C:U
X3.1.9CdlibratiOfl-Sclcct a minimum (If two standards
with sulfur contents ntar the high,.and low-limitsof the
ranse tor a given sample weiJht and also onc: near the mean,
The meanstandard may be simulated,if necessary,bytaking
onc-half the sample wci&ht of each or theother two. Follow
thestepsofthe pr~ure.
"3.1.10
I'r(Jcedure:7
6£11-268 £0£ N3A315 'l'~ 12:21£6. 61 lnr
\0'(/1 :I/:I::J .~:I:::Jb UU UlYII:.N I I:.Nb 1 Nt:.t:.1'< 1 NI.::I I...U., ll'il... . "7 :;;Jt:J:;;J C;:IC; .L.L:;;J;:I 11W..LCJo r"" '
U.L'-/"
-lilt
B 456
X3.I.IO.1 To the crucible add I g of iron chips, 0.8 g of Iron powder, and 0.9 8 of tin. Transfet' the proper weight of
sampleand covt:r. .
X3.1.10.2 Turn on the power of the induction furnace and anow the unit to heat to' operating temperature. With oxnen flowln, through the absorption vessc:l, fill it to a predetermined point with HCl (3+91) (X3.1.$.3) (Note X3.3). Add 2 mL or starch solution to the vessel. With the oxysen flow adjusted to 1.0 to 1.5 Llrnin (Note X3.4). add KIO) solution specIfieduntil the intensity of the blue color is that which is consideredas the end point. Refillthe buret.
NOTt X3.3-AlwIYs 811the titration ve&:l to the samepOint. Non. )(3.4- Tbe OX1B~nRow nil may beadjusted10 meetthe requitcmel'llSof individutl openllors orequipment:however. tho now
ra&lmuSibe the SaMefor me test samplesand ,hi s1andard$l\mples.
X3. I, 10.3Afterthe unit hu beenat opcratins tempera~ turefor at least 4' s. place the covered crucible containing the sample and acceleraton on the pcdeml. Witb the o)t)'scn
now adjusted,raisethocrucible. closethe f'urnaco,ttnd tum on the power.Bum the sample fot 8 to 10 min. Titrate
continuousty with the KIO) solution at such a nne as to maintain 85 nearly as pO5.siblethe oriainallntenslty of the bluecolor.The end point is reachedwhenthe ori&lnalblue color is stablefor I min. Recordthe final bun:t readinsand
.drain the titratIoD vessel throu&h the exhaust stopcock. X3.I.IO.4 Blank-Detennine the blank by placing the
sameamount of accelerator.; used In the test sample in II
-
preignited crucible. Covet and proceed as inX3.1.10.3.X3.l.11 Calculation-Calculate the sulfur faCtotof the
. .potaSSiumiodateas follows:
Sul(ur (actor. aluni' ...alume- (C _AD~: 100
where:
If'
.
grams of Standard sample used.B
-
percent$uIrurin the standardsample
.C
-
mtUilitresof KIO)solutionrequiredfortitrationof thestandaflt sample {Note X3.S), and
D - miJIIlitresofKIO, solution required for titration ofthe blank (Notl X3.S).
NOTE XU-Or a"parel11percentaseor sulfur (Ot
-direct-readina-burets. .
X3.1.11.1 CaI<:ulate the percentage of sulfur in the test Mmple asfollows:
(E -D)F SulfUr.mass"
.
G x 100where: .
E .. KlO) solulionrequiredfortitration of thetestsample
(Note
X3.S),mL,
.D "" KIO, solutionrequiredfor titration of the blank. mL,
F II: averaae sulfur factor of the KIO, for the standards
used (see X3.J.lI), gfunit volume. and G - sample used,8.
--- X3.ZDetermlnatioQof Sulfur in Electroplated NIckel by the Evolution Mechocl
X3.2.1SttJpt- This methodcoversthe determinationof
sulfide sulfur in electroplated nickel in the range from 0.005
. to 0.2 mass CRt. n'd -- - - - -R€C!lvIIoiG FLASI(
0
FIG. X3.1 App.r.",. ror Ihe DeterminllUonQf$\llf,"In
EI.~pl.tld Nick" Foilb~thl EVDluUonM,UlocI .X3.2
X3.2.2 Summaryof MethodII-Sulfide sulfur is evolved as hydrasen sulfide (H25) on dissolvina. the sample of
hydrochloricacid'(HCt) containini a smaU amount of .
platinum as an accelerator for dissofution.The sulfur is precipitatedas un!: sulfide(ZnS)in thereceiving vc~s.seland then titrated with standard powslum iodate solution. Values
arc based on potassiumiodate(KJOJ) as the primary standard.
X3.2.3Apparatus:
X3.2.3.1Theapparatusis shownin Fig. X3. J. 11may be
assembledusins
a
SO-mLErlcnmeyetf1a:skwith a No.19/38outerjoint. A washbottlefitting witha No. t 9/38inner joint ~Q be :cut to fit the SO-1uLnask. The exittubctcan be bent
and c:onn~tcd to the 6.mnl aas tubewith tubing.
XJ.1.3.2 A nitrogen cylinder with valyes and prcS$ure
regulator. .
X3.2.3.3 Buret,:to-mL. X3.2.4 Reagtltts:
X3.2.4.1 PurilYof Reagents-Reagent aradt. chemicals
shaDbe usediD au testS.UnlessQtherwisuindicated, il is intendedthat aUreagentsshaDconformto the specifications
of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of tbe American Chemical Society,wheresuch$pecHicationsare available.1 Otber &tadesmay be used,J~rovided It 1$firstascertained Ihat
the reagentis of sufficientlyhi8h purity to permit its use
without lessenlna the accuracy of the detennina.tiQh.
X3.2.4.2Purityof Wate,-Unless othCl'WiR.indicated.
referenceto water
shall
beunderstoodto meanreagentwaterconformina to Specification D1193.
X3.2.4,3 AmmoniacalZinc Sulfate $orllfio1l-.DiS:lolveSO g ohine sulfate(ZnSO... 7H:sO) In 2S0 mL orwator. tdd 2'0 mL ofammo&\ium hydroxide (NH"OH, sp it 0.90) and mix.
"Lllk.,C.I... A"alYlletlIChtrniJIIJ'. VoIZ9. 19'1.11. ';!27.
8
~'(/l::t/::t~ ~:~b UUl.UI'It:N t I:.NI.:I! NI:.t:/'C! N1.:Il.U., ! 1'1'-. ... ;JIG/;Jo~~ .L.L.:.J~ I~W. .Lce no).L U.L.o:.
4t
B451
~
Transfer10 a Raskand anow to stand about 24 h and filter inlo a polyethylene bottle.
Xl2.4.4 Hexachlotoplatint'cAcid SolutiO1l(JO
g/L)-Dissotvc 0.5 8 of hclt&chloroplatlnicacid (H2P1C16.6H2O) in about 40 mL of water. add S mL of hydrochloric:acid (HCI Sp gr 1.19). ftnd dilute to 50 mL.
X3.2.4.' Hydrochloric Atid.PltJlillum Chloride Solu.
. lion-PrepareSOOmL ofdiluted hydrochloric acid
(HCIsp
Sf 1.19 I pan acid in I pan water). Add 2.5 mL of thehe"achloroplatinic acid solution and milt.
X3.2.4.6 PotQSsillm}odatt. Siandard Solwion (0.1 N)-DJ}'the crystals of potassium iodate (KlO,) at 180lC fOf I h. Dissolve 3.510 B or the KJOJ in about 200 mL of water.
transferto a I-L volumetricf1ask,dilute to volume, and mix.
X3.2.4.1POllUS;U", Iodate. Standard Solution (0.00$ . N)- Transfer2SmL of the0.) N KlO) solutiDnto a SOO-mL
volumetricflaskwith a pipet, dilute to volume,and mix.
X3.2.4.8Starch Solution (10 gIL)-Potassium Iodide (50 tlL) Solution-Add about 5 mL or water to I S of soluble
starchwith Stirrinsuntil a paste is (ormedand add to 100 mLQfboilinawater.Cool. add 5 I Ofpo1asi1iumiodide (.KJ), And slir unttl the KI is dissolved.
. X3.2.S Sample PrepQralioh-Prepare sample as outlined
. in X3.1.7.
X3.2.6Weight .0/ Sample-Select and weith to the
nearest 0.1 m& an a.mount ofsarnple as follows: Weiahl or SIImpir.
I :t 0.02 1.0
0.. E.~r.cdSlIlr"'t Co-nltnl. maas
.
I).OOSto 0.07 o.OS 10 2
X3.2.7
Procedure.-X3.2.7.1 Weigh the specifiedamountof sample to the
nearest 0.1 DIgand transfer to the SO-mLevolution flask. X3.2.7.2 Add 20 mL of waterand 3 mL of ammoniacal
1Ine sulfate solution to the receivina nask .
X3.2.7.3 Adjust the hot plate to maintain the temperature
of 2S mL of water in I SO-mLErlenmeyerRISkat 80.C.
X3.2.7.4Add IS mL of the hydrochloric
acid.
~:
hexachloroplatinlc acid solution to the sample. Assemble the apparatus as shown in Fla. X3.1 aud 8tm 1\very aende
stream or nitrogenthrouahthesys\em.
NOTEXU-A now of about 30 c:m'/min is aatisl'Ktory.Ir Ihe IImpl!: dissolvosrapidly, Ihe now IbO\lldbe dtcrCNiIdduri8l1the time hydroaea is freelylibe..ted.
X3.3.7.S Coatinue tho hcatiD8 alld flow"fnitrogen until the sample is completmy dissolved. then continue for 5 min
(Note X3.6).Separatethe sas deliverytubes(rom the
evolu-tion head and remDve the m:civin8 Oaskwith the delivery
tube.
NOT! X3.1-Tb,sol"licJn In diereeeiYin. Oask\~ n:mal" alkalir.e tbJousho\tt the dissolution period if the hot ~llatt Wll'lplraM'e and tbe nitroaennow are proporly IdJlIstcd. Additional 8mMClnillcalzillc IlIlf.te solution may be addld,if1Iec:essary.but tile IImplf: lihould be c1iIeardeci
If the rcceivlnl solll\loo btcoma acidic: (leA thJn pH '7 by \1St paper).
X3.2.7.6 Add I mI. of the starch-Iodide solution and 5 mL of diluted HCI (11'I) and mix. Titr-ateImmediately with Standard potassium iodate trom a tO-mL burtt to the first blue color. Draw some of the soluticln into the delivery tube wi\h a Nbber bulb and ~lease alongthe Deckof the na$kto
wash down any adherins zinc sulfide. Swirl tM solution to wash the O\ltside of the tube. Continue the titration to a permanent blue color.
X3.2.1.7 Run a blank titration to the samt $tarch.iodine coloron a mixtureor 20 mL ot water,3 mI..ofammoniacal
zinCsulfate,I mt of starch-iodatesolutionand 5 mt of
diluted h)'drOQhloricacid (1 part UC:Isp sr t.' 9 and 1 p~11 water) in a So..mLli.rlenrn,)'ornask.X3.2.8Caiculation.s-CaJoulatethe masspercent of
sul-fide sulfuf as foUo\Vs:
S llid I" t!l (.4
-
B)( 0.005~ 0.016)X100. U I ~su,ur, mau JV. W
where:
A. = 0.005N KIO) solution used for the sample titration,
mL,
B - 0.005N KJO,solutionusedin theblank,mL,and
W
-
sample used, I.x.. DETERMINING TH;E NUMBER OF DJSCON11NUmES IN CHROMIUM ELECT.ROPf..ATING
. (DUBPERNELL TEST)
,--X4.1 Pri","iplea/the Me/hadl-Copper will be deposited on nick.elexpDsedthrouGh discontinuities in chromium but
.
not on the chromium,providedthat potentialis properly.
controlled (kepi Jowenoushto avoid activation of passive chromium).
X4.2 Prepo.rllliol'lolitsl Pitel:
X4.2.1Ma$k all edaes not co\leredby the chromiumwith
a nonconduclive paint or preS$uresensitive tape, includins the wire used to make contact to the calhode bar. After masking, clean the speciqlen by sOlkins in a hot alkaline
cleaner until the surface Is free or water breaks. A mild
sCNbbin, with I 50n brush is helpful. Follow the c:1caninaby a thorou&hrinse in cold deionized wIter, then a dip in a 5 "
by ma$Ssolutionof H2SO". .
X4.2.2 Make freshly cl~.I\C<isample anodic at 0.8V for 30 s in the copper plating ba\h, then switch to cathodic (see Fia. X4.1) 8t appr~ximately 0.2 to O.4V. for 2 min (see Notes X4.J and X4.2.);'CCautJon-Do nOI &0beyond the specified
2J'd
anodic votta,eor tilne becausenickc:1will slowly di&solve
or
become passivated.) Bath formulatioD-(Don.mdca1) CuSO,.5H2O
i
UI(250&,L) H2SO, (Spa 1.95) 0.5 m (20-2S.C) Temperature(rO(lm) Anode (copper)Uveentry
.X4.2.3 Following copper electroplating, carel"uJJyremo\'e the specimen, rinse in cold then hot deionizl:d wa~er.and air dry. The specimen should nOI be wiped where pores or
cracks aM to bt counted, nor should the part be force air dried. Drying can be AI:celeratedby ro1lowinSthe last water rinse by a rinse with aJcohol (ethanol) or other vDlatilewater
miscib)e solvent.
X4.2.4 Tbt copper depositsonlyon the ullderlyins
nickel
that is exposed through discontinuities (pgR'.Jiand cracks) in the chromium.
9
6S11-268 S0S N3A31S 'l'~ S2:21 S6. 6J lnr
-~'(/l~/~~ ~~:~'( WI.UI'ICN I t:.Nl:J1 Nl:.t:.1'<1 Nt:! I.U., 1 J'i"-'. "7 ~;J O='.:: .L.L;J;;J I',W. J.QQ nuJ.J.' "'.I.'
41Dt
B 45&
X4.3 Asse.ssmenl:X4.3.1 The numberor discontinuitiesin tho chromium can be estimatedby countingthe:coppcr
nodules
deposited within a known area of the specimen or the numberof crackaIn a known leftlth. These determinations are facilitated with
a sncta11\lllicalmicroscopefitted with a calibrated",ticlein
the eyepiece,Ot from pbotomicrosraphstaken of a
",presen-tative field of the specimen. (See X4.4 for a pide to the. detennination ot active: cOn'Osionsites in the chromium
layer.) .
X4.3.2 Current measuredor recorded durina the cathodic
cycle,or both.
servesas a reliableindi~tor of porosity,[(
current remains low «I mA/cm2) durina the cathodic cycle, porosilY is low. Rapidly risins cumnt (6//41 = I to 2
mA/mln) and hip (2 to 4 mA/cm2) final current is
iddicati\'cof highporosity. Use of a strip chan recorder provides a pennanent record of the test current. With experience, direct counts of nodules of Cu deposited can be reduced to periodic verifications as the f.r silDature. A qualitative visual check (microscopically) will thensufficefor
re,loIlarroutine use.
Nora X4.t-b8le1 potentia).usedI, dependallton ancde~thcde spacing.At IIdiS\anc:eof 8 10 10em. 0.2 V usuallyproducestho desiRd deposit. As ,pacinI incroaK'S.th. poI.ntlal can be Incl'O8$Od100.4 V.
NOT!!X4.2-Aner cleani"s. anodle rreatmellt to tepat.sivatt:chro-miumIs essential.Platinatlm. cainbe varied(rom' to S min.Two min1lteshASbeen found to he near optilnum.With hisht)' porous
.
chromiuM. lonser times illeur risk Qr merlina the deposit nodules, &ivln.rift to ambiluitin in cauntllli pores(nodules).X4.3.3PrecQul/(ms-Do not exceed 0.6 V cathodic. High
cathodic potentials CAnactivat~ chromium loaIUy,8ivins risc
to spuriously
his.hnodule
counu. If this condition issus-pected, it can be tested by gently wiping the copper ofl'wlth a ..tissue. If copper adbe:m to specimen; it is probable the
cathodic potential was too hlah. tbus depositina copper on
the chromiuminstead or just i.- tho pores.
~
~
R,
1 e~.A V-SOURCER.:
E~c A3e
EA- 2-1 + As A,.
R, ... R3X4.4 Dwl.rmlnGlion of Acllve COIrQJionSit's By
Corro-sion Tesling:
.X4.4.1
Before
\estin&the part
shoulci bq,cleanedto
eliminate wacer breaks. Mqneslum oxide. warm water andsoap, or solvents, or 8 combinat.iontherel)l~ tJ\iSht be
necessaryfor thorau&h cleaniu8.
X4.4.2To developthe ac;tive corrosion sitcm~subject the
part to the number of houn of CASS exposure corre--spondln8 to the corrosion spedfication for tho required service condition And thickness specification. AfterCASS
lestin,.ril15ethe partin warm waterto removeIhe saltlayer. If the part containscorrosive product scaininn,it can be
washed with a very mild sponge in warm waterbut the paR
should not be. subjected 10 an)' abrasivecleaning. After
dryint either by hot air or solventsuchas n~ethanol.the pan should be examined at a masnificAtion between100 and 2001. and the active pan: sizeDnddensitydetermined.The conadin, pore sites are typically distinctly latger than the unconodcd sitesInd havea darkerand roushertexture. By
meansof photosraphsat I 'known magnification,the active pore site$ can be counted and the "cUVt $it-CI.per Irea calculated. Different photographs should be taken at the same magnificationat all significantsurfaces
and cunent
densitiesto record the ditrerencesin pore densityand size
after corrosion. As a auide, the: averaac dJanleter orthe active sites should not exceed0,032 mm (0.00125 in.) and the largest individual site shouldnot exc«d 0.063Smm (0.0025
in.).Comparisons
with krJownpore density chans can be 'used
fordetermination
orthe siteSpersquarecenthnetre.
X4.4.3 Even thouah the nec:essary work has not been
conductedto estabUsh
a
correlationbetweenactivecorrosion sitesand stanina aiteles measuredby DubpemeU. it appeanthat for a givencurrent densityanddepositsystemthereis a comlation between the number of poresbefor~corrosion
andthenumberoractive corrosion sitesanerCASStestina.
Once this corrtlation he beenestablishedat a given instal.
lation, a simple 100 to 200 X viewina or a pan misht
s
.
1.
DPDr switCI'l posilion 1.
cathodic pasltlan 2.
anodicEc. Rs
. R + R + R NOT!:Ammeterand voltmcuercan
.
. ~ tie replacedbya 2.
ChannelSlr1p chart recorder.Schamlltle DI o. . 8"10111"8App.,.tua t6 ConvenlenllyCe/ltl'OIPOltlrltr81111Volta;. DUrI,,-Para.l" T.8t1nllVIIeo,ptt O,poIlUOft
Fla. X4.1
Et'd
10
""(/l~/:I:J IO:I:~I:I lJUUJMl::N1 I:.Nl:ilNl:.l:.l'<lN1:i ~U.I IN~. ~ ~~ t:!:;"c: ~l~~ I~U. J.t::IO t"IOJ..c:/IOJ..c:
.
1456
~
nond~tructiveJy indicate the service perfonnance of the pan after carTasian. The desired number of active corrosion sites has not been definitely established. This number depends
somewhaton the sizeof the poresbeforeandaftercorrosion.
the thicknessand potentialsor the d~J)ositIystem.and the
desired trade-off betwetenbasis metal corrosion and stainin,
in CASSo
TII' AmI,IeMl Sac/lly lor TNtlng and MII"I./s ,.k.. 110poJiI/oII fM/»Cllfl8111e IlllitJUy0I8IIJ' .,"" 11"", ual1tld In lItJII/ICll:I/ott
...IIh fII'/ /t,m /llt1l1/0llH in llIi. .,.~tI'tI. U8Ir. of tit" "IfIdllfl 81. .1IptNI/r IlMnd th.8rtI.,1tfffIInfI1OII fII .fIt rJ11(11tycf Illy .IICII
",lflll IIIfI'" IIJd flit litlt 01 W,/rIgamInI of '1Ia" tlQhll,
'"
'III/IIIY .hllf own ftIPOIIIClIII//J.1ft;' "lIItJIrd 1&allbj8cl to ,,1I1J/oItII 811;litnt by tfle ftIIptJI!.lb1. teeMl. "",,","It end mUll III mlMNd ftWty 1M y"" ",d
Ifnot rlftlled. ,II/Iff 'NPP'OtlttJor...ltM",*n. YIIIIICommtll/. 11. 1ft'll/lidIIrhtftOl ffWI.1Ot'I01m/ft,tw"" orIll'fdtll/II)I'II/lllI1dt/(f, an~ ,"ovItI btI .tl6na8tJ 10 ASTMI/NdqLlllf".. VO/,/,oOlMltIll, winftCl/'tt Utetut OCIIIlldtratfon., . r/IfellntoJ"'" nllWit/bio
tllOllnlc81 QQmmtnH. wlrlcll JfOIIm.yan'lId. II ycu 1881Ih" ruur~r. haV8tIOIllCllvIft . "" NfI/lIQ rw ,fIouIdfNkI '/OfII
II",",,! It"",,, 10 111.AIm Corrtmilr- 0/1 Sll/Irll1d., fff8 AIel St.. PtlJlJtllIpIIl.. PA flt03.
~
~
r---(;qIYI':f.htf,mericanSocie~yfor Testing
:md Matori<ltE(ASTM).1916 RaCI!Streel, ~hiladclphia.PA 19103.UnitedStates
of
f\meflc:tThiscopyhasbeenmadehy
DocumentEnp,ineeringCo.,Inc. underlicanse
trnrnA~~n.1.
II
