Europulse company
Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) for liquid treatment
Fast Pulsed Electric Field for cancer research
Conclusion
Europulse company
Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) for liquid treatment
Fast Pulsed Electric Field for cancer research
Conclusion
Europulse company
-
founded in 1989
-
independently owned medium-sized
-
located at Cressensac (near Brive)
-
750 m² : offices, laboratory, machine shop,
experimental radiation area
-
1000 m
2available for outdoor experiments.
-
seperate inside space for outside contractors
hosted by the company when required.
Main applications
-
NEMP, EMC
-
Pyrotechnics
-
Detonics and ballistics
-
Pulsed components test
-
Pulsed X-rays and electon beams
Voltage
:
few
kV
up to more one
MV
Current
:
few
A
up to few hundred kA
Impedance
:
few
mΩ
up to few hundred
Ω
Rise time
:
few hundred
ps
up to few ms
Width
:
few hundred
ps
up to few
ms
Rep rate
:
single shoot before up to few kHz
Area Of Our Expertise
Europulse company
Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) for liquid treatment
Fast Pulsed Electric Field for cancer research
Conclusion
V
E dx
d
0
Applying a pulsed electric field to two electrodes in contact with the liquid
to be treated. The electric field is provided by a HV pulses generator
Liquid to be treated
electrode
HT
d
Relation between Electric Field and Voltage E = - grad V
Electric Field Uniforme uniforme : V = E.d
Example : d= 2 cm E= 20 kV/cm V= 40 kV Volume of 20 cm3 Electrodes surface= 10 cm2
Resistivity of the medium to be treated ()= 300 .cm
R = 60 I = 660 A Energie by rectangular pulse of 1µs width : 26,4 J Energie : 26,4 kJ à 1000 Hz !!
Wave form
:
rectangular - monopolar or bipolar
Voltage
:
10 to about 40 kV on 50Ω
Current
:
about 600 A on 50Ω
Impedance
:
30 to about 100Ω
Rise time
:
< 10/20 ns
Width
:
adjustable in steps from 50ns to 3μs
1μs to 10μs
10ns to 100ns
Rep rate
:
single shoot to 800 Hz or more continuously
Rep rate : Energy supplied by the high voltage supply
Prévious example E= 20 kV/cm R = 60 Ω
Energie : 26,4 kJ à 1000 Hz !! Temperature rising !!!!
Incidence Rep Rate on the cost of the system
Rectangular : Line discharge
voltage charging twice time the amplitude on matched load
Charging voltage > 50 kV
Volume treated more important
Electric design more complex, Cost of power supply
Use voltage doubler circuit or Marx generator
Cost and complexity more important
Rise time < 10/20 ns
Use of special spark gap, non linear commutation circuit
Z load : 50Ω V peak 5 à 20kV Shape : rectangular Ton ≤ 10ns Width 50, 250, 500ns 1, 2, 3µs
Rep Rate : 815 Hz max Rate flow : 20l/h
Setting :
cell parameters (geometrical, electrical)
electrical pulses parameters (E field, width, rep rate)
pulses sequences, electric power, spark gap parameters
Display :
coulombs transferred, setting parameters, fault conditions.
Control
:
compatibility of the parameters selected
Taking into account :
electrical safety features.
Outputting :
test conditions to a printer.
Process Manager
Vcell = Vcharging *Rcell/(Rcell+ Zline)
V initial
Ton : 1 ns
V resistitive part Ton :12 ns
Zcell=Zline
40 kV - 4 kJ/s GA power supply
Charging voltage Inhibition V time Gate HV output Rep raten pulses selected
High Voltage Power Supply
V
breakdown: self breakdown voltage of the spark gap
P
absolue: absolute gas pressure
d
: distance between the electrodes
Paschen Law
Repetitive Spark Gap
Liquid input
Liquid output
HV pulses input
Current monitor output
HV Electrode
Safety switch
Coaxial Treatment Cell
1 2ln
1
1
2
1
r
r
h
Z
L
L LZ
Z
1 2ln
r
r
r
V
E
r
Thus for : r = 3 mm E
r= 6,5 x V (V/cm)
r = 5 mm E
r= 3,9 x V (V/cm)
r
2r
1
V
d
V
E
d : distance between the electrodes
Cell Resistance
σ : conductivity of the solution in Siemens/cm
h : thickness of the electrodes in cm
r2 : radius of the outer electrode
r1 : radius of the inner electrode
α : form factor (0.59 for the cell EP 303175)
Temperature
influence
Radial non
uniform E field
RadialUniform
Efield
Balance Voltage measurement Short circuit relay Current measurement Temperature sensor Traitment cell Heat exchanger Event filter Security cylinder pressure H.V. Treated liquid Event filter Temperature sensor Untreated liquid inputCoolant Coolant output Coolant output Coolant input Voltage sensor Current sensor Pump
Hydraulic Line
Ecell=40 kV/cm
Width=50ns
F=100 Hz
Ecell=40 kV/cm
Width=2µs
F=20 Hz
Some Waveforms
Europulse company
Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) for liquid treatment
Fast Pulsed Electric Field for cancer research
Conclusion
Cancer Research
Fast Pulsed Electric Field Generator
Z
charge: 50
Ω
V
crête
7 à 20kV
Shape
: rectangular
T
on≤ 1ns
T
50
10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 ns
Rep rate : 100 Hz max
Regression of cancerous tumors
by means of high voltage pulses
Vc=39.9kv 15.5b 32hz
111 impulsions
Vc=15.4kv 4.50b 32hz
111 impulsions
Fast capacitive monitor (Europulse) measurements
Some Waveforms
Repetitive Marx Generator
2 stages
repetitive
Marx
generator
0,00 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,000,E+00 1,E-06 2,E-06 3,E-06 4,E-06 5,E-06
40 kV 31 Hz 36 kV 202 Hz 23 kV 227 Hz Voltage : 350 kV Current : 6 kA Repetitive rate : 115 Hz Half-amplitude width : 46 ns Rise time < 15 ns Load impedance : 60 20 kV 400 Hz 1 Stage
