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SUNGARD SUMMIT 2007 | sungardsummit.com 1
Microsoft PowerShell
Presented by: Jeff Modzel
March 22, 2007 Course ID 453
Agenda
• Introduction to PowerShell • PowerShell Power
• Developer Angle
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What is PowerShell?
• New command-line shell and scripting language • Multiple perspectives for use:
• System Administrators • Developers
• Object based, not text based (.NET 2.0 objects)
• Can still use the regular, old .exe’s you’re used to! • Formerly code-named Monad
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Cmdlets (pronounced “command-lets”)
• Command that performs a single function • Operate on objects
• Use a verb-noun naming convention
• Can chain cmdlets together to do powerful things • About 130 built-in cmdlets
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More examples:
Get-command Shows all cmdlets installed in
the shell.
Get-content/set-content Reads a text file/writes a text
file.
Get-childitem Equivalent of dir in DOS, for the
file system
Get-process Retrieves the running
processes, equivalent to
tasklist.exe
Get-service Retrieves running services,
equivalent to sc.exe
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Scripting Support
• New scripting language, object oriented-like • Language for manipulating .NET objects. • Consistent environment for using cmdlets.
• Support complex tasks, without making simple tasks more complex.
• Consistent with higher-level languages used in .NET programming, such as C#.
Scripting Language
• Variables begin with a $ (variables have scope)
• Variables are objects and have properties/methods • Has all the constructs you’d expect from a modern
language: if/then, while, for, foreach, do, switch, trap/throw
• Scripts can be stored in script files (.ps1 extension) or even other variables.
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Object Pipeline
• Pipes | connect cmdlets
• Pipes pass objects, not text
• Objects package together related information
Examples:
• get-process | format-list | out-file “c:\list.txt”
• get-service | where-object {$_.Status –eq “Running”} • get-childitem | sort-object length
• get-content “c:\list.txt” | select-object –first 5 • get-date | get-member
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General use cmdlets
• Filtering pipeline objects use where-object,
select-object, sort-object and group-object.
• Format pipeline objects for output (or other cmdlets) use list, table, wide and
Text File manipulation
• Use set-content, add-content and get-content to read, append and write text files.
• Can still use > and >> redirection
• Use import-csv and export-csv to read and write comma separated values files. Note: Excel can use CSV files. • Use import-clixml and export-clixml to read and write
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Variables
• Always begin with a $
• Can contain any other characters after $ but need to use curly braces
• No need to declare, just create and use • Have scope
• Variables are .NET objects
Examples: • $var = 1
• ${student name} = “Joe Smith” • $date = get-date
.NET, COM and WMI
• Can access .NET classes, COM objects and WMI with
new-object and get-wmiobject.
Examples:
• $wc = new-object –Typename System.Net.WebClient • $list = new-object System.Collections.ArrayList
• [System.IO.File]::Exists(“c:\junk.txt”)
• $wsh = new-object –ComObject WScript.Shell
• $fso = new-object –Com Scripting.FileSystemObject • $ie = new-object –Com InternetExplorer.Application • $excel = new-object –Com Excel.Application
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Course ID 453
WMI continued…
• Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) is an administration technology for Windows
Examples:
• get-wmiobject –class win32_computersystem • get-wmiobject win32_operatingsystem
• Get-wmiobject win32_logicaldisk
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Providers
• Provides connectivity to a type of resource (data store)
• File system • Registry • Alias
• Environment (windows environment) • Function
• Variable
• Certificate (digital certificates)
• PowerShell has it’s own concept of a drive – location for a data store.
Scripts
• PowerShell code can be saved in script files for reuse • Use a .ps1 extension
• Don’t forget - can call regular old .exe’s in script! • Type name of file minus the .ps1 extension and
interactive shell will search for the file in the environment Path variable. Or…
• Type full path name with the ps1 extension.
• Execute with a period . To run the script in the current scope.
• Interactive shell looks for first for an alias, then function, then cmdlet, then script and finally an external .exe.
• Execute from DOS\Batch\Windows “powershell.exe
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Customizing the shell environment
• Use a profile script to set aliases, functions, map drives or any other “startup” commands
• Profiles don’t exist by default
Profiles
• %windir%\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\profile.ps1
• This profile is loaded for all users.
• %windir%\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\ Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1
• This profile is loaded for all users, and only for the default instance of PowerShell.
• %UserProfile%\My Documents\WindowsPowerShell\profile.ps1
• This profile is loaded per-user, and affects all versions of PowerShell which are installed.
• %UserProfile%\\My Documents\WindowsPowerShell\ Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1
• This profile is loaded per-user, but only affects the default instance of PowerShell.
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Security
• Execution policy determines if user can load
configuration files, run scripts and/or require digital signatures for scripts.
• Integrated with Active Directory / Group Policy
• Policies are: Restricted, AllSigned, RemoteSigned and
Unrestricted
• Use get/set-executionpolciy to view and change • Can use certificates to sign scripts (see
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Additional things you can do with PowerShell
• Author cmdlets, providers and filters in Visual Studio • Create your own custom shell (typically for integration
with other applications)
• As of 2/7/07, need to install the Windows PowerShell SDK which is part of the Microsoft Windows SDK for
Steps to author a cmdlet
• Create Visual Studio project
• Add desired cmdlets and snap-in class • Compile to a .dll
• Register the .dll with installutil.exe (verify with
get-pssnapin –registered)
• Add snap-in to the shell with add-pssnapin YourSnapIn • Verify cmdlets have been added to the shell with
get-command
• Run new cmdlets!
• Can use export-console to save “state” of console for later reuse
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Creating a custom shell
• Use the make-shell.exe utility from the SDK
• Allows creation of customized shells – primarily for specialized snap-ins
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Where does it fit in Microsoft’s strategy?
• Strategic commitment to .NET, PowerShell is built on .NET
• Eventually become part of Windows (not for Vista or Longhorn, though)
• Exchange 2007 has PowerShell interface known as
Exchange Management Shell
Where to get it? Requirements?
• http://www.microsoft.com/technet/scriptcenter/topics/m sh/download.mspx
• 2 meg download but needs .NET 2.0
• OS requirements: Windows XP SP 2, Windows Server 2003, Vista and Longhorn
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Useful links
• Homepage • http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/technologie s/management/powershell/default.mspx• PowerShell Team Blog
• http://blogs.msdn.com/powershell/
• Other good PowerShell sites
• http://thepowershellguy.com/blogs/posh/
• http://www.microsoft.com/technet/scriptcenter/hubs/msh.
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Thank You!
Jeff Modzel
Please complete the online class evaluation form for:
Microsoft PowerShell
Course ID 453
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