Indian Power Sector
Overview
Power : The Building Block of
Economy
• Electricity- the most imp. Infrastructural
input in the dev. & growth of economy.
• Consumption of electricity- imp. Index of
advancement of the country & standard of
living.
220 kV Power Plant Generation Residential Customer Commercial/ Industrial Customer Residential Customer Distribution Pole Urban Customers Primary Distribution 66 kV Transmission
Distribution Transformer (11/0.415 kV)
Secondary Grid
(66/11 kV) Primary Grid (220/66 kV) Secondary Distribution Underground Cable To Other 66Kv Substations
POWER SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Primary Transmission(132/220/400/765KV)
Secondary Transmission(66/132KV)
CB X’mer
(11/220kV)
Sending end SS Bus-bar Steel Tower Bus-bar
CB Dhuvaran
Karamsad
Generation :: Heart
RLDC::Brain
Sub-Transmission :: Sub-Arteries
Transmission :: Main Arteries
Distribution :: Capillaries
An Analogy – Power System vs Human
An Analogy – Power System vs Human
Body
Body
An Analogy – Power System vs Human
An Analogy – Power System vs Human
Body
Body
Human Body
Human Body
Power System
Power System
Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure
Voltage
Voltage
Heart Beat
Heart Beat
Frequency
Frequency
The Pulse
The Pulse
72 Beats/Minutes
72 Beats/Minutes
50 Cycles/Seconds
50 Cycles/Seconds
Cause
Cause
Stress/Anxiety
Stress/Anxiety
Load-Gen.-Mismatch
Load-Gen.-Mismatch
Risk
Risk
Heart Beat Deviation
Heart Beat Deviation
Frequency Deviation
Frequency Deviation
The Generation
The Generation
…
…
The Generation
GENERATION
• Thermal Power Plant
• Hydro Power Plant
• Nuclear Power Plant
• Diesel Power Plant
• Gas Power Plant
• Combine Cycle plant
• Solar
• Tidal
• Wind
Coal
Hydro
• Hydro potential in North east and upper part of Northern Region
• Coal reserves mainly in Eastern Region
• Distribution of energy
resources and consumption centres are extremely
unbalanced
• Necessitate power transfer over long distances
Development of the Electricity
Industry in the last 50 yrs.
• The industry has mainly developed through
State controlled instruments.
• Until 1975 – dev. mainly through SEBs/electricity
deptts. controlled by the respective state govts.
• 1975 – The Electricity (supply) Act was
amended. Intervention of the central govt in
development of generation facilities led to the
formation of NTPC, NHPC
Current Scenario in India
• Power Installed Capacity
:
1,73,635 MW
• Energy Generation
(p.a.)
:
788355 MU
• Supply Demand Gap
:
9.8 % Peak
: 8.5% Average
• Per Capita Power Consumption
:
850 kWh
Per Capita Energy Consumption
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 U S A C hi na R us si an F ed er at io n Ja pa n In di a G er m an y C an ad a F ra nc e U ni te d K in gd om S ou th K or ea W or ld A ve ra geCentral Sector: 54412 MW
State Sector: 82452 MW
Private Sector: 36761 MW
All India: 173625 MW
ALL INDIA INSTALLED GENERATION CAPACITY
As on 31st
TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY – 173,624 MW
(as on 31.03.2011)
MW
82,452.00
54,412.00 36761
State Sector
Central Sector
India has an installed power generating capacity of 173625 MW (as on 31
March, 2011) of which the thermal power stations share is 112823 MW (65%).
INSTALLED POWER GENERATING CAPACITY
112,823.00 37,567.00
4,780
18,454.00
Thermal, Nuclear and Hydro
• Installed capacity of power plants in India
till 31
stMarch, 2011 was around 173 GW of
which
• Thermal contribution is about 65%
• Nuclear provides 2.8% of electricity generated
• Hydro contribution is about 21.6%
(Exploitable potential 60% at 84000 MW)
India’s Energy N eeds
• 6% increase in GDP would contribute to 9%
increase in energy demand
• Energy intensity is energy consumption per
unit of GDP
• High energy intensity points to energy
wastages in economy which can be minimised
through efficient use of energy
• India’s energy intensity is 3.7 times of Japan,
1.55 times of USA, 1.47 times of Asia and 1.5
times the world average
Electricity Demand Projections
Year
Total Electricity Required ( Billion kWhr)Installed Capacity (MW)
GDP Growth Rate
7%
8%
7%
8%
2011-12
1031 1097 206757 2199922016-17
1377 1524 276143 3056232021-22
1838 2118 368592 4247442026-27
2397 2866 480694 5747482031-32
3127 3880 627088 7780950 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
In s ta ll e d G e n e ra ti o n C a p a c it y ( G W )
Growth of India’s Power Sector
Growth of the Indian Power
Sector
:
INSTALLED CAPACITY
•
INSTALLED CAPACITY
went up from1.36 GW
in 1947 to more than 167 GW as of 31.11.10;
capacity comparable to UK / GERMANY.
Operation performance of power stations- salient features
• Gross annual generation crossed 800 BU (811 BU)
• Gross monthly generation figure has crossed 75 BU mark
(75.5 in Mar’11)
• Gross daily generation figure has crossed 2.5 BU mark
(2.508 on 18th Mar’11)
• Nuclear generation achieved a remarkable growth rate of
41.04% due to improved availability of nuclear fuel
• Generation from hydro based plants improved with a
growth rate of 10.01% due to revival of good monsoon
Operation performance of power stations- salient features
• Thermal generation achieved a growth rate of 3.81%. Coal based generation achieved a growth rate of 3.99%.
• Average PLF of the thermal based plants was 75.1% as compared to 77.68% in 2009-10.
• 53 stations with an aggregate installed capacity of 53827.5 MW
achieved PLF of national average
• 19 thermal stations with an aggregate installed capacity of 21995 MW operated above 90% PLF.
Reasons for low PLF compared to last year
•
Increased forced outages
of plants
•
Unscheduled/extended plant maintenance
of some
thermal units
•
Forced shut down/ backing down
due to raw water
problems, coal shortages and receipt of poor quality
coal
Plant Load Factor
• 1 per cent increase in PLF effectively means
capacity addition of approx 1000 MW (requiring
nearly Rs.4000 Cr.)
32
Indian Power Sector Long Term Trends
India is 3rd largest economy 1 Potentially 3rd largest electricity market globally By 20302
Estimated to be the fastest growing economy In the world by 20122
(US$mm)
13.2 10.1
2.6 2.1 2.0 1.8
1.7 1.7 4.1 4.25 0 5 10 15 U S C h in a In d ia Ja p a n G e rm a n y U K F ra n ce Ita ly B ra zi l R u ss ia (KWH bn) 5,619 5,971
1,151 776 871
1,641 1,730 0 4,000 8,000 U S C hi na In di a R us si a Ja pa n C an ad a B ra zi l 0 5 10
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
G D P G ro w th %
Brazil China India Russia Germany
Source: (1) World Bank; (2) International Energy Outlook 2006; (3) Report of Working Group on Power for Eleventh Plan (2007-12)
59
1 632 68
0
54
8 579 62
0
54
6 559
51 9 49 8 8.8% 8.8% 8.4% 7.3% 7.1% 300 400 500 600 700 800
2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
(MU) 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10%
Energy Requirement (Normative) Energy Availability (Normative) Shortage (%)
MAJOR REASONS FOR POWER
SECTOR ILLS
Inadequate power generation capacity;
Lack of optimum utilization of the existing
generation capacity;
Inefficient use of electricity by the end
consumer;
Inadequate inter-regional transmission links;
Huge T&D losses (theft) and skewed tariff
Optimum utilization of the existing
generation capacity through R&M
• Old SEB units performing at low efficiency due
to lack of R&M / poor maintenance. States
unable to undertake R&M because of funds
constraints.
• R&M is a cost effective (Rs 1 Cr/MW for thermal
and Rs 60-70 Lakh/MW for hydro) and quick
return option for increasing generation (new
capacity @ Rs 4-5 Cr/MW).
• 170 thermal (11,000 MW) and 35 hydel (3,000
MW) units identified for R&M by CEA.
Growth of Indian Power Sector: TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
• Required development of high voltage transmission system did suffer in the early years.
• During 80’s, when NTPC had the jurisdiction of creating HV transmission system along with their super thermal power stations, transmission side of the industry got a boost.
• Subsequently, PGCIL was formed out of NTPC and from 1992, PGCIL has added significantly towards creation of HV transmission system and development of the national grid
•
Uneven distribution of power resources (coal, hydel,etc.)•
Transporting coal costlier than transmitting power.•
Scenario of simultaneous surplus (ER) and shortage (Other regions)•
Existing interregional transmission capacity only about 22350 MWRegional
State
National
1960’s
1970’s
1990’s
Local
1950’s
EVOLUTION OF POWER SYSTEM IN
INDIA
PRE INDEPENDENCE - SMALL ISOLATED SYSTEM
PRIOR TO 60s - GENERATION/TRANSMISION BY SEBS
DURING 60s - LIMITED INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN NEIGHBOURING STATES
70s - EMERGENCE OF CENTRAL SECTOR GENERATION
( NTPC/NHPC/NUCLEAR ETC.)
PLANNING OF GENERATION/TRANSMISSION ON REGIONAL BASIS
LATE 80s – INTEGRATED GRID OPERATION THROUGH 400kV SYSTEM
LATE 90s - ASYNCHRONOUS INTER REGIONAL LINKS
Isolated systems
•
Isolated systems
developed in and around
industrial & urban areas
•
Establishment of CEA
under the Electricity
(Supply) Act, 1948 for coordinated
development of Power Sector
• The Act also provided for formation of
State Grid Systems
• The systems around urban and industrial areas
grew into full fledged
State Grid systems
• The
country was demarcated in to five Regions
for
the purpose of coordinated power sector planning
•
Regional Electricity Boards
were established in
each of the regions for facilitating integrated
operation of state systems
Regional Grid System
• 1975: Central Sector generation utilities created
• Benefits of these to be shared by the states of the region.
• Construction of associated transmission system for
evacuation of power as well as delivery of power to the constituent states, also entrusted to these corporations
• Focus of planning and development in the transmission system shifted from State Grid system to Regional Grid system
Inter Region Links
• 1989:
Power Grid Corporation of India
formed to
give thrust to implementation of transmission
system associated with Central generating
stations
• few
inter-regional links
were also planned and
developed to facilitate exchange among the
various regions (limited to emergency situations)
• resource planning as well as grid operation and
consequently the
operational frequencies of
NEW Grid South Grid South West North East Northea st
Five Regional Grids Five Frequencies
October 1991 East and Northeast
synchronized
March 2003
West synchronized With East & Northeast
August 2006
North synchronized With Central Grid
Central Grid
Five Regional Grids Two Frequencies
Target 2012: 200 GW
MERGING OF MARKETS
Renewable: 18.4 GW Installed Capacity: 173 GW
SR Synch By 2013-14
Inter – Regional Capacity:
National Grid
• Focus of planning the generation and the
transmission system shifted from the
orientation of regional self-sufficiency to
the concept of
optimization of utilization of
resources on All India basis
• A strong National Grid system would
enable such an
all-India generation
Objectives underlying the
formation of National Grid
• To transfer power from surplus regions to
deficit regions
• Utilise
maximum
resources
from
diversified regions
Perspective transmission plan upto 2012
Perspective transmission plan upto 2012
4950
14000
30000
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000
Existing 2007 2012 Cumulative Capacity of Interregional links
REGIONAL GRIDS
‘GEOGRAPHICAL
’
30,500 MW 16,000 49027 MW 43009 MW 40370 MW 21091 MW 2284 MWInstalled Generation Capacity Current ~ 173 GW
Target for Year 2012: 200 GW
Inter regional Inter regional Link Link MW capacity MW capacity NER-ER 1,260 ER-NR 7,930 ER-SR* (excl. Talcher-Kolar bipole) 1,130 ER-WR 2,990 SR-WR 1,720 WR-NR 4,220 Other 132 KV
Links
600 Talcher Kolar
HVDC Bipole
2,500 Total as on
date
22,350 Target for
2012
Transmission System for Hydro
development in NER
30-35 GW of Hydro potential in North-eastern
Region
10 GW from Sikkim and Bhutan
Substantial power from this region would be
required to be transmitted to NR/WR over distances
exceeding 2000 km.
Right of way constraints in the
chicken neck
area.
Hybrid network of EHVDC and high capacity 400
Acquiring Right of Way (ROW) for constructing transmission system is getting increasingly difficult. This necessitates creation of high capacity
“Transmission Highways” , so that in future, constraints in ROW
do not become bottleneck in harnessing natural resources
Four major power regions of the country namely,
North-Eastern, Eastern, Western and Northern are
NATIONAL GRID :
THE ADVANTAGES
• STRONG BACKBONE ‘ANYWHERE TO ANYWHERE’ ’
TRADING
• ECONOMIC OPERATION
• OPTIMAL UTILISATION OF SCARCE NATIONAL RESOURCES
• HARNESS DIVERSITY
– SAVING OF 13,000 MW BY YEAR 2012
• ADDED STABILITY
• BOUNDARY-LESS OPERATION
• HUB AND SPOKE ARRANGEMENT
• GENERATORS HAVE READY EVACUATION PATH
THE NATIONAL GRID ENVISAGED BY POWERGRID IS A
HYBRID NETWORK COMPRISING A 765 kV HUB WITH 400
765 KV RING MAIN SYSTEM
THE POWER ‘HIGHWAY’
CHEAP HYDRO POWER FROM THE NORTH-EAST
AND PIT HEAD THERMAL POWER FROM THE EAST
ENTERS THE RING AND EXITS TO POWER STARVED
International Interconnections
Maps not to scale
Bhutan Nepal
Tala: 1020 MW Chukha: 336 MW Kurichu: 60 MW Net import by India
India- Bhutan synchronous links 400 kV Tala-Binaguri D/C
400 kV Tala-Malbase-Binaguri 220 kV Chukha-Birpara D/C
220 kV Chukha-Malbase-Birpara 132 kV Kurichu-Bongaigaon
Over 16 links of 132/33/11 KV Radial links with Nepal
Net import by Nepal
Bangladesh
400 KV AC line between Baharampur(India) and Bheramara(Bangladesh) with
500 MW HVDC sub-station at Bheramara
Sri – Lanka Madurai
(India) and
Anuradhapura(Sri-Lanka) through ±500 KV HVDC
Control Centres
• Bulk electric power systems comprise of hundreds
of generating units interconnected by an intricate
web of transmission & distribution spread across
vast geographical stretches.
•
• For ensuring a reliable and quality supply to the
consumers, the power system must be operated
within the prescribed reliability standards.
Load Despatch Centers in India
• The control of the grid is planned to be
done at 3 levels of hierarchy namely
NLDC, RLDC and SLDC.
2300
Surplus Regions
Deficit Regions
Hierarchy of Indian Power System
WR ER
NR
Role of NLDC
RLDC
Inter Regional Links
Supervision
• Economy and Efficiency of National Grid
• Scheduling and dispatch of electricity over the inter-regional links • Monitoring of operations and grid security of National Grid
• Restoration of synchronous operation of National Grid • Trans-national exchange of power
• Feedback to CEA & CTU for national Grid Planning • Dissemination of information
NLDC
Supervision & control
RPC for
regional outage Plan
Coordinate
Coordinate
Role of RLDC
• Real time operation , control & contingency analysis
• Generation scheduling/ re-scheduling • Restoration
• Metering & data collection
• Compiling & furnishing of operation data • Operation of Regional UI pool Account.
Reactive energy account and Congestion charge account
• Operation of ancillary services
RLDC
Role of RLDC
Functions
•optimum scheduling and despatch of
electricity
•Monitor grid operation •Keep accounts of
electricity transmitted • Exercise Supervision and control over
the ISTS
• Real time operations • Licensee
• Generating company • Generating station /
Sub-stations
• any other concerned person
Role of SLDC
SLDC – Apex body in a State
Power System
State
• Optimum scheduling and despatch • Monitor grid operations
• Keep accounts of electricity transmitted
• Activities of
Real-time operation
• exercise supervision and control
Role of RPC
• Facilitate the stable and smooth operations of the system
• Functions:
– regional level operation analysis
– facilitate inter-state/inter-regional transfer of power
– facilitate planning of inter-state/intrastate transmission system – coordinate maintenance of generating units
– coordinate maintenance of transmission system – protection studies
– Planning for maintaining proper voltages
– Consensus on issues related to economy and efficiency
RPC
RLDC/SLDC/CTU/
STU/ Users
Decisions
MS SRPC shall certify Availability of transmission system
66
Role of CTU
• to undertake transmission of electricity through ISTS
• to ensure development of an efficient,
co-ordinated and economical ISTS CTU RLDC shall operate ISTS lines
CTU/to provide non-discriminatory Open Access – Will not engage in trading and generation – For LTOA & MTOA nodal agency
Role of STU
• to undertake transmission of electricity through
intra-state transmission system
• to ensure development of an efficient,
co-ordinated and
economical intra-state
transmission system
STU
SLDC
shall operate
Intra-state transmission system
STU/to provide non-discriminatory Open Access
68
CTU
• Identification of major
inter state/regional lines including system strengthening schemes
• Planning schemes shall also consider: CEA’s:
Long-term perspective plan
Electric Power Survey of India report
Transmission Planning Criteria and guidelines
RPC Feedback
NLDC/RLDC/SLDC feedback
CERC Regulations
Renewable capacity addition (MNRES)
Annual plan (5 year forward term)
CEA
Long-term plan (10-15 years)
• inter/intra state transmission system • continuously updated to reflect
load projections and generation scenarios • NEP
Role of CEA
• will formulate short-term and perspective plans for transmission system
•specify technical standards for construction of electrical plants, electric lines and connectivity to the grid
•specify safety requirements for construction, operation and maintenance of electrical plants and electrical lines
•specify grid standards for operation and maintenance of transmission lines •specify conditions for SEMs
•Promote and assist timely completion of schemes •To collect and record electrical data- cost, efficiency •To carry out investigation ( Electrical system)
Regulatory Environment
Institutional Framework
Central Power Organization
NJPC NTPC NHPC NEEPCO PLANNING
COMMISSION NRB AEC NPC
Power Sector Institutions (Pre 1990)
Institution
Functions
CEA 1950 Arbitration, Advice, Power Policy
CPRI 1960 Power Engineering Research Equipment Testing and Certification
REC 1969 Finance and Planning for Rural Electrification
MOEF 1974 Policy, Legislation
NTPC 1975 Thermal Power Generation
NHPC 1975 Hydro Power Generation
PFC 1986 Finance for Power Projects, T&D and Renovation
PGCIL 1989 Regional Grid Monitoring, Transfer of Power, Transmission Line Construction
Organisation Structure
• MOP in the Union GOI
• CEA as the Statutory technical wing of the MOP, GOI, to assist in overall planning, coordination & regulation of power development programmes of the country.
• A no. of corporations under GOI to develop and operate power stations which include NTPC, NHPC, NEEPCO etc.
• REC, a GOI company for assisting the SEBs in the development & programmes of rural electrification.
Organisation Structure
(contd.)
• PFC under GOI to assist the various EBs &
other organisations in the power sector.
• Department of Energy/Power under various
state goverments.
• SEBs under respective state governments to
take care of generation of thermal and hydro
power as also transmission & distribution within
their own states. Some of the state governments
have also set up power generation corporations.
• Professional organisations like CPRI, NPTI,
State Power Organization
PRIVATE SECTOR LICENSEES STATE
ELECTRICITY BOARDS
STATE ELECTRICITY DEPARTMENTS
STATE ELECTRICITY
INSPECTION ORGANISATION
MINISTRY OR DEPARTMENT OF
POWER
STATE
GOVERNMENT
The Indian Electricity Act,
1910
• Provided basic framework for electric supply
industry in India.
• Growth of the sector through licensees. License
by State Govt.
• Provision for license for supply of electricity in a
specified area.
• Legal framework for laying down of wires and
other works.
The Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948
• Mandated creation of SEBs.
Main amendments to the Indian
Electricity Supply Act
• Amendment in 1975
to enable generation
in Central sector.
• Amendment in 1991
to open generation to
private sector.
The Electricity Regulatory
Commission Act, 1998
• Provision for setting up of Central / State
Electricity Regulatory Commission with
powers to determine tariffs.
• Constitution of SERC optional for States.
Energy Conservation Act, 2001
• The Act primarily ensures energy efficiency in
consumption & consequently Demand Side
Management (DSM) for reducing need for installing
new capacity.
•
Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
has been set up
on 1st March, 2002 for formulating norms for
Electricity Act 2003
It is a comprehensive legislation replacing
Electricity
Act 1910, Electricity Supply Act 1948 and
Electricity Regulatory Commission Act 1998
.
The aim is to push the sector onto a trajectory of
sound commercial growth and to enable the States
and the Centre to move in harmony and coordination.
Electricity Act 2003
The Act provides for National Electricity Policy,
Rural Electrification, Open access in
transmission, phased open access in
distribution, mandatory SERCs, license free
generation and distribution, power trading,
Salient features of the National Electricity
Policy
• Access to Electricity : Available for all households in next five years.
• Availability of Power : Demand to be fully met by 2012. Energy and peeking shortages to be overcome and spinning reserve to be available.
• Supply of Reliable and Quality Power of specified standards in an efficient manner and at reasonable rates.
• Per capita availability of electricity to be increased to over 1000 units by 2012.
• Financial Turnaround and Commercial Viability of Electricity Sector.
Objectives of National Tariff Policy
• Ensure availability of electricity to
consumers at reasonable and competitive
rates
• Ensure financial viability of the sector and
attract investments
• Promote competition, efficiency in
Generation
• To provide availabilty of over 1000 units of
per capita electricity by 2010, more than
1,00,000 MW wld be required during
2002-12.
• No requirement of licensing for generation.
Techno-economic clearance for thermal
generation project no longer required.For
hydro generation, concurrence of CEA
required only above certain capital
Transmission
• Simultaneous planning of adequate
transmission capacities to avoid mismatch
between generation and transmission
facilities.
Distribution
• Real challenge of reforms lies in the efficient
management of the distribution system.
• Private sector participation in distribution to be
encouraged.
• Energy Audits, energy accounting and
declaration of results to be made mandatory.
• HVDS to be introduced.
Electricity (Amendment) Act, 2007
The Electricity (Amendment) Act, 2007, amending certain provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003
The main features of the Amendment Act are:
• Central Government, jointly with State Governments, to
endeavour to provide access to electricity to all areas including villages and hamlets through rural electricity infrastructure and electrification of households.
• No License required for sale of electricity from captive units. • Definition of theft expanded to cover use of tampered meters
and use for unauthorized purpose.
• Theft made explicitly cognizable and non-bailable.
ACCELERATED POWER DEVELOPMENT AND REFORMS PROGRAMME
The Accelerated Power Development Reforms Programme (APDRP) was launched in 2002-03 for implementation in the 10th Plan as additional central assistance to the states for strengthening and up gradation of sub-transmission and distribution systems of high-density load centres like towns and industrial areas.
The main objectives of the programme were to reduce
Upgradation / Strengthening of
sub-transmission and distribution system
• Fix Static meters on all HT and LT
consumers and high accuracy tamper
proof meters for other consumers.
• Get Energy audit conducted for all
distribution circles and sub divisions.
RAJIV GANDHI GRAMEEN VIDYUTIKARAN YOJANA(RGGVY) OF RURAL ELECTRICITY
INFRASTRUCTURE & HOUSEHOLD ELECTRIFICATION Launched on 4th April, 2005 for the attainment of the National Common Minimum Programme (NCMP) goaI for providing
access to electricity to all households in the country in five years.
Rural Electrification Corporation (REC) is the nodal agency for the scheme.
Under the scheme 90% capital subsidy would be provided for overall cost of the project for provision of:
Rural Electricity Distribution Backbone (REDB) with at least one 33/11 kV (or 66/11kV) substation in each block
Village Electrification Infrastructure (VEl) with at least one distribution transformer in each village/habitation.
Legislative/administrative Initiatives taken by the
Legislative/administrative Initiatives taken by the
Government to improve the health of Power Sector
Government to improve the health of Power Sector
(recap)
(recap)
• Electricity Regulatory Commissions Act, 1998.
• Electricity Laws (Amendment) Act, 1998 to facilitate private investment in transmission.
• Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPPs)
• Setting up of Power Trading Corporation. • Development of merchant power Plants
• New Hydel Policy to provide thrust to Hydro capacity addition. • Accelerated Power Development & Reforms Programme
• Energy Conservation Act in place
• Electricity Bill 2001 tabled in Parliament
• Settlement of Outstandings of PSUs with States • Private participation in transmission
Power Sector – Reforms to Drive Growth
Losses of SEB’s
Irregularity of payment to Suppliers
Capex planned impacted
Acute Shortage
Focus on Generation
T&D Losses
Settlement of SEB’s dues
Electricity Act, 2003
APDRP (Accelerated Power Development and Reforms
Program)
AREP (Accelerated Rural Electrification Program)
Power Trading
Rising role of Private Sector
Increased project size (Ultra Mega Generation & Transmission Projects)
New technologies
Thrust on Hydro and Nuclear
PREVIOUSLY
Strengths and opportunities in the
sector
• Abundant coal reserves (enough to last at least
200 years).
• Vast hydroelectric potential
• Large pool of highly skilled technical personnel.
• Impressive power development in absolute
terms (comparable in size to those of Germany
and UK).
• Expertise in integrated and coordinated
Strengths and opportunities in the
sector (contd.)
• Emergence of strong and globally comparable
central utilities (NTPC, POWERGRID,).
• Wide outreach of state utilities.
• Enabling framework for private investors.
• Well laid out mechanisms for dispute resolution.
• Political consensus on reforms.
POWER SCENARIO IN INDIA
INCREASING ROLE
OF PRIVATE
PARTICIPATION
LIBERALISATION
FROM GOVERNMENT HUGE LOSSES IN
TRANSMISSION
AND PILFERAGE
BOOMING ENERGY