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The role of photodynamic therapy on multidrug resistant breast cancer

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Figure

Fig. 1 Hallmark of multidrug cancer resistance mechanisms. Tumour cells developed resistance through; increased expression of drug efflux transporters, microenvironment tumour regulation, increased epigenetic microRNA regulations, drug target modification, altered apoptotic signalling pathway and increased DNA repair mechanism
Fig. 2 ATP-binding cassette transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)
Table 1 Selected substrates and inhibitors of P‑gp/ABCB1, MRP/ABCC1, and BCRP/ABCG2 as chemosensitizers
Fig. 3 The photosensitization process of PDT. When PS absorbs photon energy, it transits from ground singlet state (PS) to an excited singlet state (1PS*) which then undergoes internal conversion and changes to a triplet state (3PS*)
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