Unit 1: Force, Motion, and Energy (43 classes)
Projectiles
analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the horizontal and vertical motion of a projectile
define projectile motion
solve problems finding:
i) vx and vy at any point along the path ii) the range
iii) the maximum height
iv) the final velocity (magnitude and direction)
sketch the x and y displacement, velocity and acceleration vectors components at any point in the projectile
Lab
construct, test and evaluate a device or system on the basis of developed criteria
identify questions to investigate that arise from practical problems and issues
compile and organize data, using data tables and graphs, to facilitate interpretation of the data.
define and delimit problems to facilitate investigation
use instruments effectively and accurately for collecting data
define and delimit problems, estimate quantities, and interpret patterns and trends in data, and infer or calculate the relationship among variables.
Technology
analyze natural and technological systems to interpret and explain their structure.
distinguish between problems that can be solved by the application of physics-related technologies and those that cannot.
compile and display evidence and information in a variety of formats
analyze and describe examples where technological solutions were developed based on scientific understanding.
Newton’s Laws
apply Newton’s laws of motion in two dimensions
solve problems where a single object is pushed or pulled at an angle along a horizontal surface; with or without friction
define an incline plane and coordinate rotation - solve problems for both frictional and non-frictional inclined planes
solve problems involving strings and pulleys; on both horizontal surfaces and inclined planes
Uniform Circular Motion
describe uniform circular motion using algebraic and vector analysis
define uniform circular motion (UCM) and centripetal acceleration using the formula
solve problems involving
explain quantitatively uniform circular motion using Newton’s laws
define centripetal force
solve problems involving centripetal force/acceleration on a horizontal surface and at the top and bottom of a vertical circle.
solve problems for banked curves without friction planes.
Lab:
define and delimit problems to facilitate investigation
compile and display evidence and information in a variety of formats, including tables, graphs, and scatter plots
interpret patterns and trends in data, and infer or calculate linear and non-linear relationships among variables.
Static Equilibrium & Torque
use vector analysis in two dimensions for systems involving two or more masses & static equilibrium
define static equilibrium
define center of mass
solve static equilibrium force problems
Lab:
interpret patterns and trends in data, and calculate relationships among variables
define and delimit problems to facilitate investigation
use instruments effectively and accurately for collecting data
evaluate a personally constructed device on the basis of criteria they have developed themselves.
use vector analysis in two dimensions for systems involving two or more masses & torques
define torque (moment of force)
calculate torque when forces are applied either perpendicular or at an angle
solve static equilibrium problems balancing torques
Unit 2: Fields (47 classes)
Gravitational & Electric Fields
describe gravitational fields as regions of space that affect mass, and illustrate the source and direction of the lines of force.
explain what is meant by the term field
explain what is meant by a gravitational field
map a gravitational field, showing the field lines about a spherical object.
explain the production of static electricity and its properties
define electrostatic forces
discuss the atom as the source of electrostatics
state the law of electric charges
describe the operation of an electroscope
demonstrate and explain charging by: i) friction
ii) contact iii) induction
discuss the nature of electrical discharge
distinguish between conductors and insulators
Lab:
state a prediction based on available evidence
interpret patterns and trends in data, and infer relationships among variables
display evidence in a variety of formats, including diagrams, tables, and graphs
compare Newton’s Law of universal gravitation with Coulomb’s Law, and apply both laws quantitatively
state Coulomb’s Law of electric force in sentence and in formula form
state the SI unit of charge
explain how the force between two charged particles depends on the values and types of the charges and separation
given four of: distance separating two charged particles, charge on each, force between them, and Coulomb’s constant, calculate the fifth quantity
ii) when these other charges are on perpendicular lines that intersect at the first charged particle
describe electric fields as regions of space that affect charges (like and unlike), and illustrate the source and direction of the lines of force
explain what is meant by an electric field
explain the concept of the electrical test charge
explain and be able to draw equipotential lines and electric fields lines for: i) single point charges
ii) two point charges (opposite and alike) iii) parallel plates
iv) single conductors
write an operational definition for electric field, and the SI unit in which it is measured
given the two of: the electric field, the size of a positive test charge, and the electric force on it, calculate the third quantity
use the equation for the electric field in the region of single charged particle or sphere
given three of: the charge of a particle or sphere, Coulomb’s constant, the distance from the particle or sphere at which the field is specified, and the value of that field, calculate the fourth quantity
calculate the electric field at a point due to the presence of other charges when all charges are on a common straight line
extend the work-energy theorem to develop the concept of electric potential energy
use a reference point or level to define electrical potential
define electrical potential difference and its SI unit of measurement
given two of electric potential difference, the work done (or energy), and charge, calculate the third.
Electric Circuits
Apply Ohm’s Law to series, parallel, & combination circuits
define electric current and name its SI unit of measurement and the instrument used in such measurements
define voltage as the energy per unit charge developed within a source, and define its SI units
given the two of : the electric current (I), the charge (Q) whcih passes through a cross section of a conductor, and the time(t) taken, calculate the third quantity
given two of: the voltage, the charge and energy developed by the source, calculate the third quantity
explain the energy transfer of charge around a circuit
list and name the type of energy transformation from various sources of electrical energy including; voltaic cells, piezoelectric, thermoelectric, photoelectric and generators
analyze the relationship between voltage rises and voltage drops across linear resistors and sources
define electrical resistance and its SI unit of measurement
state Ohm’s Law
given two of: the voltage across a resistor, its resistance, and the current in it, calculate the third quantity.
explain why a resistor is called a linear circuit element
list and describe the factors that effect resistance. Include: i) length
ii) cross-sectional area iii) type of material iv) temperature
solve problems using the factors of resistance using: i) proportionalities
ii)
R
L
A
draw a schematic diagram for series, parallel and simple combination circuits
state and apply Kirchoff ’s current rule
state and apply Kirchoff ’s voltage rule
ii) and parallel:
1
1
1
1
1 2 3
R
T
R
R
R
...
solve exercises with problems involving circuits with both series and parallel combinations of resistors
define power for electrical circuits using: i) P=IV
ii) P=I2R
iii) P=V2/R
given two of: power, resistance, current and potential difference calculate the other quantities
calculate the cost of operating electrical equipment given the power rating or means of determining the power rating, the amount of time, and the cost per kilowatt-hour of electrical energy
Lab:
define and delimit problems to facilitate investigation
select and use apparatus and materials safely
compile and display evidence and information in a variety of formats, including diagrams, and tables
use instruments effectively and accurately for collecting data
Magnetic Fields
describe magnetic fields as regions of space in terms of poles and illustrate the source and direction of the lines of force
define lodestone as a naturally occurring magnet
explain the domain theory
state and apply the law of magnetic forces
explain magnetic phenomenon with reference to the domain theory
map a magnetic field using a test compass
define the direction of magnetic field lines
draw magnetic field lines in the regions surrounding: i) single bar magnet
ii) two bar magnets, opposite poles facing and like poles facing iii) horseshoe magnet
iv) the earth
compare and contrast magnetic fields with gravitational and electrical fields
describe the magnetic field produced by a current in both a solenoid and a long, straight conductor explain Oersted’s principle for straight conductor
illustrate the use of Left Hand Rule #1
define in terms of magnetic dipoles ferromagnetic, paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials
explain Oersted’s principle as applied to a solenoid including the Left Hand Rule #2
explain the solenoid as an electromagnet
list four factors that determine the strength of an electromagnet. Include: i) current
ii) number of loops
iii) type of core (magnetic permeability) iv) size of loop
explain the role of magnetic permeability of the core and its effects on electromagnetism
list and briefly describe three applications of an electromagnet: i) lifting electromagnet
ii) relay iii) electric bell
analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the force acting on a moving charge in a uniform magnetic field
define the motor principle
illustrate the use of the Left Hand Rule #3
define quantitatively the magnetic field strength and it’s units
solve problems using
B
IL
r
2
define operationally the ampere - determine the direction of a charged particle’s flight in a magnetic field using the motor principle
analyze the motion of charged particles in a uniform magnetic field qualitatively
solve problems using
F
qvB
sin
for charged particles in magnetic fields explain and solve problems where a charged particle is moving perpendicular in a magnetic field generating circular motion.
analyze qualitatively and quantitatively electromagnetic induction by both changing magnetic flux and moving conductor
state Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
determine the direction of current in a conductor when it is moved through a magnetic field
determine the direction of a current induced in a coil when a magnet is moved
explain Faraday’s Iron Ring apparatus
state Lenz’s Law - use Lenz’s Law to predict the direction of induced currents
apply Faraday’s Law and Lenz’s Law in determining the direction of current in a loop of an electric generator
interpret the current output of both AC and DC generators
Labs:
select and use apparatus and materials safely
state a prediction based on background information
carry out procedures controlling the major variables and extending procedures where required
interpret patterns and trends in data and infer relationships among variables
Electromagnetism
identify questions, analyze, compile and display evidence and information to investigate the development over time of a practical problem, issue or technology.
analyze and evaluate, from a variety of perspectives, using a variety of criteria, the risks and benefits to society and the environment of a particular application of scientific knowledge and technology.
identify, analyze and describe examples where technologies were developed based on scientific understanding, their design and function as part of a community’s life and science and technology related careers.
Electromagnetic Induction
describe and compare direct current and alternating current
describe the operation of a step up and a step down transformer
solve problems based on the transformer equations
explain how power loss is lost more with the use of transformers in power distribution
explain why AC current is used in transformers rather than DC current
Unit 3: Matter-Energy Interface (27 classes)
Quantum Physics
explain how quantum physics evolved as new evidence came to light
define quantum theory
state the problems with the wave theory of light. Include: i) energy is quantified
ii) light has momentum
describe how the quantum energy concept explains both black-body radiation and the photoelectric effect
define blackbody radiation
define qualitatively the photoelectric effect
explain qualitatively and apply the formula for the photoelectric effect
state and solve problems using Plank’s equation (E=hf )
define and calculate the stopping potential
convert energy terms from Joules (J) to electronvolts (eV) and vice versa
define and calculate the work function
relate the energy of the incident light (photon) to the work function
explain how scientific knowledge evolves as new evidence comes to light and as laws and theories are tested and subsequently restricted, revised or replaced.
Technology:
analyze and describe examples where technological solutions were developed based on scientific understanding.
analyze technological systems to interpret and explain their structure.
Compton & de Broglie
explain qualitatively the Compton effect and the de Broglie hypothesis, using the laws of mechanics, he conservation of momentum, and the nature of light
do calculations using
p
h
, Compton’s photon momentum equation explain how photon momentum changed the scientific thinking on the properties of light (waves)
explain how deBroglie’s matter waves changed scientific thinking on the properties of particles
do calculations using deBroglie’s Wave Equation
Bohr Atoms & Quantum Atoms
explain that qualitatively the Bohr atomic model is a synthesis of classical and quantum concepts
describe qualtitatively how the Bohr model of the atom explains emission and absorption spectra
describe qualitatively and quantitatively Bohr’s radius
define qualitatively and quantitatively the energy of an electron in Bohr’s atom
explain the relationship among the energy levels in Bohr’s model, the energy difference between levels, and the energy of the emitted photons.
do calculations to determine energy lost/gained of an electron as it jumps up or down various orbits
do calculations to determine the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation released/required when an electron jumps various orbits.
compare the calculated wavelengths of electromagnetic energy (for electrons moving into a lower n) to the emission spectra for hydrogen.
Particles & Waves
use the quantum-mechanical model to explain naturally luminous phenomena
summarize the evidence for the wave and particle models of light
define wave-particle duality
Natural Artificial Sources of Radiation
describe sources of radioactivity in the natural and constructed environments
describe the products of radioactive decay, and the characteristics of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation
name and define the following: electrons, neutrons, protons, nucleus, atomic number, atomic mass number and isotope
define transmutations and radioactivity
define alpha decay, beta minus decay and beta positive decay, electron capture and gamma decay
identify reaction type and balance nuclear reactions with one reactant or product missing.
analyze data on radioactive decay to predict half-life
define half-life
complete half-life calculations using
A
A
o
t t
12
1 2
Fission & Fusion
compare and contrast fission and fusion
describe the processes involved in a fission reaction. Include: i) chain reaction
ii) moderator
iii) products as compared to reactants iv) binding energy
describe the processes involved in a fusion reaction. Include: i) conditions necessary for fusion
ii) products as compared to reactants iii) energy released
iv) harmful products
apply quantitatively the law of conservation of mass and energy using Einstein’s mass-energy equivalence
predict reactants or products atomic number and/or mass for fission and fussion reactants
solve problems using E=mc2
Nuclear Power
analyze examples of Canadian contribution to a particular development of science and technology
describe the 3 features and safety systems of the CANDU reactor
develop, present, and defend a position or course of action based on identifying multiple perspectives that influence the issue, and on interpreting data and the relationship among variables
describe the pros and cons of nuclear energy. Include: i) demand for electricity
ii) fuel availability iii) safety