3 - In-text citation.ppt

Citing

Indicating the source of information as an authority or example; or to mention

Introducing the work of

others

In the body of the text / paper, the

source of a quotation, paraphrased material or summary must be cited

• Commonly used works & phrases

• _{How to do in text citations and}

Commonly used verbs

• There are many ways to introduce the work of your source:

• _{argues claims}

• _{comments concludes}

• _{explains implies} • _{maintains notes}

Common Phrasings

• Other ways to introduce the work of your source:

Citation in-text

• Use the name of the author, followed by the year of publication when citing references within the body of the

essay – (Langan, 2006)

• What happens when you are citing two authors with the same family name?

Include the author’s initials in the

Cont.

• If two or more authors are cited at the same point in the text then they are included in the same in-text

Page Numbers

• Directly quoting from the source

When citing the same source within the same paragraph

• First citation: the author’s surname and date of publication

• Subsequent citations: author’s surname only

• Brooks (2000) maintains that adults influence an adolescent’s spiritual and emotional

development. Parents, grandparents,

When you provide a direct quotation, place the quote within “quotation

marks” and acknowledge the author’s surname, date of publication, and page number(s).

• Brooks (2000) stated, “Both biological and environmental factors jointly influence an

individual's personality development” (p. 28). • Recent research shows that “children who

are read to at home have a greater

Single author

Comfort, A. (1997). A good age. London: Mitchell Beazley

• The theory was first propounded in 1993 (Comfort, 1997, p. 58)

OR

Two authors

Madden, R., & Hogan, T. (1997). The definition of disability in Australia:

Moving towards national consistency.

Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.

• Madden and Hogan (1997, p.17)….

OR

6 or more authors

• (Rodgers et al., 1996, p. 35)

• Adams et al. (1994) state ..….

• It was further observed that this

No authors

• (Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary, 1993)

OR

Article / chapter

• As mentioned by Wharton (1996)…

OR

• “… when abseiling” (Wharton, 1996, p.8).

• It’s a growing problem in the U.K. (“Anorexia Nervosa,” 1969)…

Article on the Internet

Dawson, J., Smith, L., Deubert, K., & Grey-Smith, S. (2002). ‘S’ Trek 6: Referencing, not plagiarism.

Retrieved October 31, 2002, from http://studytrekk.lis.curtin.edu.au/

• “It’s essential you learn how to

Article on the Internet – No

author

Leafy seadragons and weedy seadragons. (2001) Retrieved November 13, 2002, from

http://www.windspeed.net.au/~jenny/ seadragons/

Secondary sources – books

another person’s work, cite the surname of the person whose work was

mentioned and then cite the surname of the author you are reading.

• .. against our rights (Downlut as cited in Bender, 1995, p.45).

Secondary sources – journal

articles

• Carini and Hogan’s study (as cited in Patton, 2002)

As for the reference list..

• Bibliographic details for Downlut or Carini and Hogan do not need to be included.

Quotations

• Use quotations only with good reasons

a) to show an authority supports your point

b) to present a position / argument that you want to comment on

Cont.

For quotations in an essay:

• must be exactly the same as the original

- i.e original words, spelling, punctuation and capitalisation

• give signals – by bringing up the

author’s name and/or a reference to the work

Introducing quotations

• Quotes must be exactly the same as the original.

• If you make any changes, or add explanatory material of your own,

include it in square brackets [ ].

Types of quotations

a) short quotations

- included within the text of your assignment

- enclosed by quotation marks b) more than 3 lines

- included as a separate paragraph from the main text

Sample – newspaper article

According to a survey carried out

among hawkers and stall operators by the Kuala Lumpur Society for

Transparency and Integrity, the

respondents viewed corruption among local councils as a “very serious”

In the passage, Gore describes his stance on the preservation of the Pacific Yew, a tree with potentially important medicinal uses:

Proceeding from this quotation, Ridenour (1998) argued that ..

The Pacific Yew can be cut down and processed to produce a potent chemical, Taxol, which offers some promise of curing certain forms of lung,

breast and ovarian cancer in patients who would otherwise quickly die. It seems an easy choice – sacrifice the tree for a human life – until one