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(1)

Organelle Structure & Function

(2)

All cells have to perform the same basic activities to stay alive:

Use energy

Store materials Absorb materials Eliminate waste

Transport substances Reproduce

(3)

Organs are specialized

structures in the body that perform specific life

processes (functions)

Organelles are specialized

structures inside the cell that perform specific cell processes for a cell to live

Organelles are surrounded

by a membrane

(4)

Cellular Components

Function Organelle & cell parts

Outer protection Cell wall, Plasma membrane

Cell control

centre Nucleus, nucleolus

Energy centre Mitochondria, Chloroplast

Cell processing Endoplasmic reticulum,

ribosomes, Golgi body Storage and

waste

Vacuole, cytoplasm, chloroplast

(5)

Activity 1: Organelle Notes

Brainstorm: What does a good note look

like?

Individually read up on the structure of your

organelle including information on where it is found in cell and the cell types that have it.

Information can be found in the textbook

and your workbook.

As a group, record your structure notes on

(6)

Activity 2: Organelle Charades

As a group you will determine how to silently

act out the function of your organelle

The class will guess the function and the

organelle you are representing

You do not need to pretend to be the

organelle. You only need to act out the function.

E.g. If your organelle is responsible for

(7)

7

(8)

Cell Membrane Properties

Also known as the plasma membrane Surrounds all cells

Flexible

Semi-permeable (selectively permeable) Made of a substance called phospholipid

Phospholipids also form the membranes around

(9)

Semi-Permeability

Controls exchange of material between

interior of the cell and the external environment

Allows some substances to cross in and out

(10)

Types of Passive Movement

(11)

Diffusion

Movement of a substance from an area of

high concentration to an area of low concentration

Substance moved is typically the solute

Substance in smaller proportion Often dissolved in water

Passive movement:

No energy is required

(12)
(13)

Osmosis

The diffusion of WATER across a membrane Water is often the solvent

The substance in larger proportions

The substance where solutes are dissolved in

Water diffusion is passive:

From regions of high water concentration to low

water concentration

But usually easier to express in terms of

solute concentration:

From regions of low solute concentration to

(14)
(15)

Types of Water Environments

Environments Isotonic Hypertonic Hypotonic

Prefix Same More Less Solute

concentration Equal More outside Less outside Where is there

more water? Same Inside Outside Water

(16)
(17)

Types of Water Environments

Environments Hypotonic Isotonic Hypertonic

Solute

concentration Less outside Equal More outside Where is

there more water?

Outside Same Inside

Water

movement Into cell Equal Out of cell Effect on

animal cell

Expands

(18)
(19)

Types of Water Environments

Environments Hypotonic Isotonic Hypertonic

Solute

concentration Less outside Equal More outside Where is there

more water? Outside Same Inside Water

movement Into cell Equal Out of cell Effect on

animal cell

Expands

Bursts No change Shrinks Effect on plant

(20)

20

(21)

Mostly made of water Can range from a liquid

to a jelly-like substance

Contains dissolved

substances

Cell organelles are

suspended in the cytoplasm

(22)

22

(23)

Nucleus

Control centre of

the cell

Contains genetic

information

Contains nucleolus Surrounded by a

nuclear membrane

Nuclear

(24)

Nucleolus

Darker area in

the nucleus

Where

(25)

Ribosomes

Location:

bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum or float in cytoplasm

(26)

26

(27)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Network of flattened, interconnected

membrane sacs (tubes and pockets)

(28)

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Contains

ribosomes on its membrane

surface

Site for protein

(29)

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

(30)

30

(31)

Golgi Body Structure

Flattened, stacked,

interconnected

membrane sacs (similar to ER)

Located near ER

Also known as the Golgi

(32)

Golgi Body Function

Modifies proteins and lipids Make and secrete mucus

(33)

33

(34)

Mitochondria Structure

Surrounded by a

double membrane

Inner membrane is

folded to increase the surface area

Reactions occur on

the inner

membrane surface Intermembrane

(35)

Mitochondria Function

Produces energy

through a process called cellular respiration

Reaction involves

converting energy from food (e.g. sugars) to

cellular energy

Process requires oxygen

(36)

Mitochondria

Cells that are very active

(e.g. muscle cells) contain many

mitochondria

Cells that are fairly

inactive (e.g. fat cells) only have a few

(37)

37

(38)

Centrioles

Comes as a pair

Only found in animal

cells

Made of cylindrical

tubes

Involved in cell division

(39)

39

(40)

Vacuole Structure

Fluid-filled sac surrounded by a single layer

of membrane

In animal cells: many small vacuoles

(41)

Vacuole Function

General:

Storage of food, water,

waste

Removing unwanted

substances from the cell

In Plants:

Maintaining internal fluid

pressure (turgor) which helps gives plants

(42)

Lysosome

Membrane bound

sac of digestive enzymes

Function:

digest food breakdown

microorganisms

recycles cell’s own

organic material

(43)

Plant cells contain some

organelles that animal

cells do not have…

(44)

44

(45)

Cell Wall

Found outside of

the cell membrane

Rigid but porous Made of cellulose Gives shape and

support

Provide protection

(46)

46

(47)

Chloroplast Structure

Surrounded by a

double

membrane

Contain

chlorophyll, a pigment that

gives plants their green colour

Intermembrane Space

X

(It’s pointing to the

(48)

Chloroplast Function

Site for starch (a type of sugar) storage Site for photosynthesis

Reaction involves trapping light energy to

create food in the form of sugars

Starting substances are carbon dioxide and

water

(49)

Summary of Differences

Function Animal Plant

Outer protection

Energy centre

(50)

Summary of Differences

Function Animal Plant

Outer

protection Plasma membrane

Plasma membrane Cell wall Energy centre Mitochondria Mitochondria Chloroplast

Storage Many small

vacuoles

(51)

Review

(52)

Cell Theory Style

(Parody of Gangnam style)

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10p07KEBQus

Inside the body there's an interesting thingy That exists in every organism that is living

We know it exists cause of a thing called the cell theory And it's really quite unforgiving

It all started with

A man whose name was called Robert Hooke He looked at some cork and took a look He called them cells

And now he's in textbooks

And now we take another look at

Another man (hey) who was quite fat (hey) He was a Dutch, who was a master

Of microscopes (hey) and disliked the pope (hey) Looked at a bunch of animalcules

Cell theory Style Theory style

X2 Cell, cell cell cell, cell theory style

Eeeeeh... Rudolph Virchow Cell cell cell cell, cell theory style Ehhhhhhh... all cells divide Cell cell cell cell, cell theory style Eh eh eh eh eh eh

Now we look into a bunch of organelles

Things that we need to know so we know that we can live well These tiny things that make cells are really quite important So you better listen to my cell rant

So were starting with

With the nucleus is the control of the cell It contains all of the chromosomes, and the DNA It's surrounded by a membrane with a lot of pores, eh? Nuclear membrane

Now we move on, into the ER

It's got smooth (hey) and it's got rough (hey) It produces a bunch of stuff

For the cell (hey) like proteins (hey)

It's connected to the nucleus-us-us-uuuuuuuus

Cell theory style Theory style

2x Cell, cell, cell, cell, cell theory style

EEhhhhhhh Golgi body

Cell, cell, cell, cell, cell theory style EEhhhhhh.... Refine secretions Cell, cell, cell, cell

Eh eh eh eh eh eh

Peroxisomes, oxidize aminos Lysosomes, they digest the cells foes Chloroplasts, they do photosynthesis Mitochondria make the ATP

Vesicles, transport materials Leucoplast, store starch and food Cytoplasm has all the organelles Cell Wall gives support to the cell YOU KNOW WHAT I SAY?

Cell theory style Eh eh eh eh eh eh

Ehhhhhhhhhhh centrioles

Cell, cell, cell, cell, cell theory style Ehhhhhh, form those spindles Cell, cell, cell, cell

EH eh eh eh eh eh

(53)

Video Animation

Inner Life of a Cell

References

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