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Openstack. Cloud computing with Openstack. Saverio Proto

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Openstack

Cloud computing with Openstack

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• SWITCH role in Openstack and Cloud Computing • What is Virtualization ?

• Why is Cloud computing more than Virtualization ? • How Openstack implements Cloud Computing ?

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• Openstack public cloud with two regions in Switzerland –https://www.switch.ch/engines/

• SWITCHengines provides compute and storage services to Swiss academics. Users of participating institutions

have on-demand access to create and manage virtual machines and storage.

• Two Regions – Zurich

– Lausanne

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• SWITCHengines has been in “public beta” and “internal production” since December 2014

• Productive service since January 2016

• Several SWITCH services run on it (SWITCHdrive, SWITCHfilesender, SWITCHtube)

• Over 630 individual users and around 40 research projects online

• Around 700 VMs running on the cloud right now (2200 cores, 4900 GB RAM, 400 TB of storage allocated)

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• Key idea: Hypervisor and virtual machines – Commodity technology today

– Typically GUI driven – Scale-UP approach

– Operators manage each Hypervisor independently • Well known Hypervisors, and date of birth

– VMWare 2001 – Xen 2003

– Virtualbox 2007 – KVM 2007

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• How to manage a datacenter with many hypervisors ? – Most of the management is by hand with GUI/WEB based tools • What happens if I lose a physical host ?

– Hypervisors are built with a lot of redundancy to prevent failures

– All the hypervisors in a legacy datacenter are Pets, you really have to make sure they are healthy

• How to manage multi-tenant use cases ? – Not all the VMs belong to the same project

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Virtualization – Reference Network

Da tace nte r Sw itch

• Network configuration can become complex and hard to manage by hand

• In case of multi-tenancy VLAN coordination needed by network-admin and

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• Needs redundancy for hypervisors hardware • Needs redundancy for networking hardware • A lot of manual configuration

• No standard strategy for multi-tenancy

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• AWS: Started in March 2006 (10 years ago) • Openstack: Started in 2010

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• In a Public cloud the services are offered to anyone over the Internet.

– Operators and users of the cloud are usually in different domains • In a Private cloud the access is restricted to some users

for private use

– Operators and users of the cloud are usually from the same company

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• It is design to fail

– Hardware is divided in two main categories, Pets and Cattle – You will need to introduce redundancy only for your Pets

– Cattle are allowed to fail

• API based Control Plane

– The configuration of new VMs is done interacting with a Controller – API interfaces make possible to automate the configuration.

– Requests for new virtual machines are processed by a controller that will schedule the machine to right hypervisor.

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• It is a change regarding Uptime responsibility.

• Hypervisors can fail, this means that VMs should be disposable.

• Developers are required to design the application in a way that a server can be lost.

• The application should exploit the new abstractions provided by the cloud.

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• Scale-up mindset

– Make a server redundant and powefull

Web Application Example: Legacy

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Web Application Example: Cloud

vm01 vm02 vm03 LBaaS

FloatingIP

DBaaS Object Storage

• Scale-out mindset • VMs are disposable

• Database is provided by the Cloud Infrastructure • Object Storage is

persistent

Autoscaling VMs on load

Hostname

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• API can be accessed via CLI, Web based interface, and libraries are provided to implement own tools

openstack server create --flavor c1.micro \ --image “Ubuntu 14.04” \

--nic net-id=private \ myVMname

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• The best hypervisor is selected automatically – User starting a VM do not know how many hypervisors • Multi-tenancy is by default

– Each user have visibility only of his own VMs

– VMs from the same user will appear on the same network

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• To make scale-out possible, a cloud computing provides the following abstractions:

• Web Services

– FloatingIPs and LBaaS • Databases

– DBaaS : the user receives the endpoint and credentials

– Real DB is managed by Cloud Ops in multi master replication

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• Scalable

• Access natively via HTTP • Replication of objects

New abstraction: Object Storage

Server

File System File System

File System File System File System

Server

Object storage

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• Quickly move an IP address to another instance or to another service. The backend is independent.

New abstraction: floating IP

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• Main components

– Keystone: authentication and authorization – Nova: Virtual Machine orchestrator

– Cinder: Volume manager – Glance: Image manager – Neutron: Network controller • The openstack big tent

– Horizon – Heat – Trove

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• Keystone provides a token based authorization to the Openstack API services.

• export OS_USERNAME=saverio.proto@switch.ch • export OS_PASSWORD=<secret>

• export OS_TENANT_NAME=saverio.proto@switch.ch

• export OS_AUTH_URL=https://keystone.cloud.switch.ch:5000/v2.0 • export OS_REGION_NAME=LS

• Keystone publishes a catalog of the current API endpoint

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• Cloud Federation is possible with keystone – However requires Keystone V3 API

– Federation enables Cloud Bursting

• Keystone development is today very active – Token structures changed

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Glance

macsp:~ proto$ openstack image list

+---+---+---+ | ID | Name | Status | +---+---+---+ | 382099dd-61b5-4866-9956-bc68abb417dd | RStudio Appliance (SWITCHengines) | active | | 8bc628a2-a54c-4ee4-bda5-3325a1d12cb0 | Ubuntu Trusty 14.04 (SWITCHengines) | active | | a4e35b28-b1fe-40a0-ba33-f23f0a9a7440 | CentOS 7.1 (SWITCHengines) | active | | 1102bb9c-0256-4a4f-a104-f57c9715ae1b | Debian Wheezy 7.8 (SWITCHengines) | active | | 31a9beca-acc5-43de-9e52-01256ef211d3 | Fedora release 20 (SWITCHengines) | active |

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• Cinder is the volume manager in Openstack

• Because we said that VMs are disposable, we have two kind of volumes

– Ephemeral volumes – Persistent volumes • Ephemeral volumes

– Controlled directly by Nova, the disk of the VMs is destroyed when the VM is destroyed. Created when we boot from image.

• Persistent

– Is a volume independent from a VM. You can attach the volume to

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• VMs from the same project appear on the same network regardless of the hypervisor where they are scheduled • Hypervisors are running OpenVSWITCH

• An Overlay network is built among the Hypervisors – Different tunnels are possible (VXLAN, GRE)

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• Nova is a cloud computing fabric controller

• It is software layer that hides to the user the hypervisor technology chosen to implement the cloud.

• The cloud can use even different hypervisor technology at the same time.

• Supports KVM, XEN, VMWare, Hyper-V, Bare-metal,

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Nova API

KVM hypervisor VM NOVA API VM VM VM VM XEN hypervisor User

• User requests a VM to Nova

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• http://docs.openstack.org/liberty/networking-guide/scenario-classic-ovs.html

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• Openstack is a great Open Source software ecosystem – It makes possible to anyone to deploy a cloud

• Application should be designed to exploit the new abstractions

– Cloud Native Applications

• Cloud design with Pets and Cattles reduces infrastructure costs

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• ATLAS Experiment at CERN, UNIBE is using SWITCHengines 24/7 with 300 Cores

• ATLAS Instances on SWITCHengines – 8cores

– 16GB RAM – 20 GB Disk

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