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1:1

WHAT IS

1:1“Why has government been instituted at all?

■

Because the passions of men will

not conform to the dictates of

reason and justice without

constraints.

-Alexander Hamilton 1787

■ Ex: children free? What would your life

been like?

■ What does American government do for

Declaration of Independence

■

“We must all hang together, or

assuredly we shall all hang

separately” Ben Franklin What

did he mean?

■

1765 Declaration of Rights and

Grievances was ignored

■

P40- read first paragraph of

GOVERNMENT

■

Institution through which a

society makes and enforces

it’s public polices

■

Public Policy: Tax, defense,

education, crime,

POLITICS

■

Process by which a society

decides how power and

resources are distributed

■

Democracies need

COMPROMISE:

THREE BASIC KINDS OF

POWER

■

Legislative: makes law,

frames policy

■

Executive: enforce and

administer law

■

Judicial: interpret law, settle

CONSTITUTION

■

Body of fundamental

TYPES

■

DICTATORSHIP

Ultimate authority rests

with the government

■

DEMOCRACY Ultimate

The idea that the people have

the right to abolish an abusive

and unresponsive government

■

was FIRST formally

expressed by Americans

in the Declaration of

The state (Countries)

■ 190 in the world

1. Population

2. Territory

3. Government

4. Sovereignty: supreme and absolute power within it’s territory

■ Michigan is a State (not one of the

PURPOSES (Preamble Constitution)

“WE THE PEOPLE…

1. Form More Perfect Union

2. Establish Justice

3. Insure Domestic Tranquility

4. Provide for the common Defense

5. Promote the general Welfare

FORMS OF GOVERNMENT

■

Who Can Participate

■

Geographic Power Distribution

Relationship Between

WHO CAN PARTICIPATE?

■ DEMOCRACY Supreme power rests

with the people

■ The people are sovereign

■ USA first of the modern democracies

■ DICTATORSHIP Supreme power rests

with the government

DICTATORSHIPS

■

Autocracy: a single person

holds unlimited political power

(Adolph Hitler)

■

Oligarchy: a group

Limited or Absolute?

■

James I- “Divine Right”

–Thomas Hobbes

■

John Locke- “The law of God

and nature”

THOMAS HOBBES 1588-1679

JOHN LOCKE 1632-1704

SOCIAL CONTRACT

GEOGRAPHIC POWER

DISTRIBUTION

■ UNITARY: centralized , all power

in one central agency EX: Japan

■ FEDERAL: powers divided

between a central and local governments EX: USA

■ CONFEDERATION: an alliance

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN

LEGISLATIVE AND

EXECUTIVE BRANCH

■

PRESIDENTIAL: separate and

independent of each other EX: USA

■

PARLIAMENTARY: executive is

1-2 DIFFERENCES

1.

Democracy

2.

Dictatorship

3.

Unitary

4.

Federal

5.

Confederate

6.

Presidential

1-2 Choices

■ Division of powers with strong local

government -UN

■ Division with strong central gov’t-USA ■ All power in one agency-Japan

■ Branches of government are separate

■ Legislative and Executive branches are

together- UK (Britain)

■ People have authority- Anc. Athens

ANS

■ Division of powers with strong local government

–UN- CONFEDERATION

■ Division with strong central

gov’t-USA-FEDERATION

■ All power in one agency-Japan-UNITARY ■ Branches of government are

separate-PRESIDENTIAL

■ Legislative and Executive branches are together-

UK (Britain)- PARLIAMENTARY

■ People have authority- Anc.

Athens-DEMOCRACY

■ To give authoritative

1:3

■

Basic Concepts of

Democracy

BASIC CONCEPTS OF

DEMOCRACY

■

Foundations

■

Democracy and Free

DECLARATION OF

INDEPENDENCE

■ Thomas Jefferson 1776

■ People have certain natural rights.

■ Government can exist only with the people's

permission.

■ The people may change or abolish the

government.

■ Much of the Declaration of Independence

FOUNDATIONS OF

DEMOCRACY

■

Worth of the Individual

Equality of All Persons

■

Majority Rule, Minority Rights

Necessity of Compromise

EQUALITY?

■

NOT of condition!

(Communism)- we

■

Equality of

Opportunity

:

DEMOCRACY AND THE

FREE ENTERPRISE SYSTEM

goods

■ Free Market

■ Supply and Demand

■ Both democracy and free enterprise are based

on individual freedom

■ “Mixed Economy”: government protecting the

1-3 What if…

■ Tomorrow you will …

■ 1) vote in a free national election

■ 2) Stand in line for hours waiting to buy

food at the government run market

■ What is wrong with this picture? ■ Government:

Economic Freedom:

■ The right to buy, sell, and trade private

property with minimal government

Core Democratic Values –

■ The declaration

of Independence, Thomas

CDV’s (CORE DEMOCRATIC

VALUES)

■ Life

■ Liberty ■ Freedom ■ Pursuit of

Happiness

JOHN LOCKE 1632-1704

social contract

■ The state was created voluntarily

by a free people

■ Governmental powers are granted

by the people.

■ Governmental powers may be

THOMAS HOBBES 1588-1679

JOHN ADAMS

RICHARD HENRY LEE

JOHN DICKENSON

EDWARD RUTLEDGE

JAMES MADISON

BEN FRANKLIN

THOMAS JEFFERSON

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE:

GEORGE WASHINGTON

The dominant political unit in

the world today is the

■ State (with a lower case “s”) ■ government

■ Constitution ■ sovereignty

■ defined population ■ defined territory

TYPES OF GOVERNMENT

■

Geographic Power

A federal government

■ is one in which power is divided between a

central government and local governments.

■ Confederation- local (State) governments

have more power than nations Independent states that agree to form a confederation may still retain their separate identities

■ Unitary- only the national government has

PRESIDENTIAL (USA)

■

The branches are separated

parliamentary

government-■

The executive is chosen by the

legislature.

■

The prime minister and cabinet

are part of the legislative branch.

■

The prime minister and cabinet

In a democracy,

■

The will of the people is sovereign

the will of the majority cannot be

used to deprive rights to a member of

a minority group.

■

Core Democratic Values

■

Representative government- idea that

ANSWERS

■ 1.John Locke- Social Contract ■ 2. Thomas Hobbes- Need Gov’t ■ 3. John Adams- 2nd Pres, Disliked ■ 4. Richard Henry Lee- Virginia