GCSE 240/01 ADDITIONAL SCIENCE

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ADDITIONAL MATERIALS

In addition to this paper you may require a calculator and a ruler.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.

Answer all questions.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question.

You are reminded of the necessity for good English and orderly presentation in your answers.

The Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of the examination paper and the formulae for some common ions on the inside of the back cover.

GCSE 240/01

ADDITIONAL SCIENCE

FOUNDATION TIER CHEMISTRY 2

A.M. MONDAY, 18 January 2010 45 minutes

VP*(W10-240-01)

For Examiner’s use only Question

1. Maximum Mark

2 2. 6

3. 7

4. 5

5. 5

6. 6

7. 4

8. 6

9. 5

10. 4

Total 50

Mark awarded Candidate

Name Candidate

Number Centre

Number

0

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Answer all questions.

1. The following diagrams A, B and C, show the structures of methane, graphite and diamond but not necessarily in that order.

Label each diagram with the correct name. [2]

A

. . . .

B

. . . .

C

. . . .

A B C

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Turn over. 6

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2. The following chart shows how plastics are used in the UK.

Others 9%

Agriculture 7%

Household goods 7.5%

Transport 7.5%

Electrical 8%

Packaging 37%

Construction

(a) (i) Give the main use of plastics in the UK.

. . .

[1]

(ii) Name the industry that uses 7% of plastics in the UK. [1]

. . . .

(iii) From the chart above, calculate the percentage of plastics used in construction. [2]

Construction =

. . . .

% (b) The box below gives the names of some common plastics.

polythene polystyrene PTFE (Teflon) PVC

Choose from the box above a plastic used to:

(i) coat frying pans;

. . . .

[1]

(ii) produce carrier bags.

. . . .

[1]

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3. Read the information in the box below.

Ammonia, NH

₃

, is produced from nitrogen and hydrogen during the Haber process.

N

₂

(g) + 3H

₂

(g) 2NH

₃

(g)

The reaction is reversible which means it can go both ways. The sign used to show a reversible reaction is shown in the equation above.

In order to get a high yield, the conditions used for the process are a temperature of 400 - 450°C and a pressure of 200 atmospheres. An iron catalyst speeds up the process.

Ammonia is an important chemical. Its main use is in the manufacture of fertilisers such as ammonium nitrate, which is made by neutralising a solution of ammonia with nitric acid.

Ammonia is also used in cleaning products and in hair dyes.

Use only the information in the box to answer the following questions.

(i) Give the chemical formula for ammonia.

. . . .

[1]

(ii) I. State what is meant by a reversible reaction. [1]

. . . .

II. Give the sign used to show that a reaction is reversible. [1]

Sign

. . . .

(iii) Give the:

I. catalyst used in the Haber process;

. . . .

[1]

II. temperature used in the Haber process.

. . . .

°C [1]

(iv) Give the word equation for the reaction taking place when ammonium nitrate is produced.

[2]

. . .

+

. . . . . . . .

(5)

Turn over. 5

(240-01)

4. Smart materials are materials whose properties change with changes in their surroundings.

The following boxes show the names of some types of smart material and their special properties.

Smart material Special properties

Thermochromic paint Swells up to 1000 times

in water

Shape memory alloy Changes colour when

light is shone onto it

Hydrogel Changes colour when

heated

Photochromic paint Can regain its original

shape

(a) Draw a line from each smart material to its special property.

One has already been done for you. [3]

(b) From the list above, suggest a smart material that could be used in making:

(i) spectacle frames;

. . .

[1]

(ii) nappies.

. . .

[1]

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5. (a) The following diagram shows an atom of element A.

Proton (+) Neutron Electron (–)

(i) Use the information in the diagram above to give:

I. the atomic number of element A;

. . .

[1]

II. the mass number of element A.

. . .

[1]

(ii) The atom overall has no electrical charge. Use the information in the diagram above

to explain why. [1]

. . . .

(b) The following statements refer to atoms. Place a tick (√) next to the two correct statements.

[2]

Atoms of the same element have the same number of protons.

The number of neutrons is always equal to the number of protons.

Atoms of different elements have a different number of electrons.

The number of neutrons is always equal to the number of electrons.

The number of protons in the nucleus is known as the mass number.

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7

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6. The following table shows how the solubility of copper sulphate in water varies with temperature.

Temperature / °C Solubility / g per 100 cm

³

water

0 14

20 20

40 29

60 40

80 56

100 77

(i) Plot the results from the table on the grid below and then draw a smooth curve through the

points. [3]

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Solubility / g per 100 cm

3

water

Temperature / °C

(9)

(240-01)

4 6

Turn over.

(ii) Describe how the solubility of copper sulphate changes as the temperature increases. [1]

. . . .

(iii) Use your graph to find:

I. the solubility of copper sulphate at 90°C;

. . . .

g per 100 cm

³

water [1]

II. the temperature at which the solubility of copper sulphate is 50 g per 100 cm

³

water.

. . . .

°C [1]

7. The recycling of materials has become increasingly important.

(i) Aluminium is extracted using electrolysis. Suggest why the recycling of aluminium results

in a 95% energy saving. [1]

. . . .

(ii) Apart from saving energy, give two reasons why the recycling of metals is important.

[2]

Reason 1

. . . .

Reason 2

. . . .

(iii) Aluminium and steel are collected together for recycling. State a property of steel that

enables it to be separated from aluminium. [1]

. . . .

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8. The following table shows the properties of four substances A–D.

Substance Melting point / °C

Boiling point / °C

State at 20 °C

Soluble in water?

Does it conduct electricity?

A 842 1484 solid insoluble yes

B 615 876 solid soluble

only when in solution or

molten

C –210 –196 gas soluble no

D 650 1091 solid insoluble yes

Use the substances A–D to answer the following questions.

(i) State which two of the substances, A–D, are metals and give one reason for your choice. [2]

. . . .

and

. . . .

are metals.

Reason

. . . . . . . .

(ii) State which of the substances, A–D, is an ionic compound and give one reason for your

choice. [2]

Letter

. . . .

Reason

. . . . . . . .

(iii) State which of the substances, A–D, is a simple molecular substance and give one reason

for your choice. [2]

Letter

. . . .

Reason

. . . . . . . .

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(240-01)

Turn over. 5 9. The following diagram shows the apparatus used for the extraction of aluminium from its oxide by

the process of electrolysis.

graphite anodes

oxygen

graphite cathode

molten aluminium oxide

molten aluminium

(i) Name the type of energy required for electrolysis.

. . . .

[1]

(ii) The electrolyte used in this process is aluminium oxide.

I. Use the table of common ions on the inside back cover of this examination paper to give the symbols of the ions present in aluminium oxide. [1]

. . . .

and

. . . .

II. Use your answer to explain why aluminium is formed at the cathode. [1]

. . . .

(iii) Give the word equation for the overall reaction taking place during this process. [2]

. . . . . . . .

+

. . . .

11

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10. (i) State why it is difficult to measure the mass of individual atoms. [1]

. . . .

(ii) The relative atomic mass of an atom is represented by A

_r

.

State what M

_r

represents. [1]

. . . .

(iii) Calculate the M

_r

of calcium carbonate, CaCO

₃

. [2]

A

_r

(Ca) = 40; A

_r

(C) = 12; A

_r

(O) = 16.

M

_r

(CaCO

₃

) =

. . . .

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15 FORMULAE FOR SOME COMMON IONS

POSITIVE IONS

Name Formula

NEGATIVE IONS

Name Formula

Aluminium Al

³⁺

Ammonium NH

⁺

Barium Ba

²⁺

Calcium Ca

²⁺

Copper(II) Cu

²⁺

Hydrogen H

⁺

Iron(II) Fe

²⁺

Iron(III) Fe

³⁺

Lithium Li

⁺

Magnesium Mg

²⁺

Nickel Ni

²⁺

Potassium K

⁺

Silver Ag

⁺

Sodium Na

⁺

Bromide Br

^–

Carbonate CO

^2–

Chloride Cl

^–

Fluoride F

^–

Hydroxide OH

^–

Iodide I

^–

Nitrate NO

^–

Oxide O

^2–

Sulphate SO

^2–

4

4 3 3

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Helium Neon Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Selenium

Boron

Aluminium

Gallium Zinc Copper Nickel Cobalt Iron

ManganeseChromiumVanadium

T itanium

Scandium

Calcium

_Magnesium

Beryllium Arsenic

Phosphorus

Nitrogen Carbon Silicon

Germanium

Sulphur

Oxygen Ar gon Krypton

4 2

Ne

20 10

F

19 9

O

16 8

C

12 6

N

14 7

B

11 5

Ar

40 18

S

32 16

P

31 15

Si

28 14

Al

27 13

Kr

84 36

Br

80 35

Se

79 34

As

75 33

Ge

73 32

Ga

70 31

Zn

65 30

Cu

64 29

Ni

59 28

Fe

56 26

Co

59 27

Mn

55 25

V

51 23

Cr

52 24

Ti

48 22

Sc

45 21

Ca

40 20

Iodine T ellurium Indium Cadmium Silver Palladium Rhodium Ruthenium

MolybdenumNiobium

Zirconium

Yttrium

Strontium Antimony T in X enon Xe

131 54

I

127 53

Te

128 52

Sb

122 51

Sn

119 50

In

115 49

Cd

112 48

Ag

108 47

Pd

106 46

Ru

101 44

Rh

103 45

Tc

99 43

Nb

93 41

Mo

96 42

Zr

91 40

Y

89 39

Sr

88 38

Astatine Polonium Thallium Mercury Gold Platinum Iridium Osmium

RheniumTungstenTantalum

Hafnium

Lanthanum

Barium Bismuth Lead Radon

Rn

222 86

At

210 85

Po

210 84

Bi

209 83

Pb

207 82

Tl

204 81

Hg

201 80

Au

197 79

Pt

195 78

Os

190 76

Ir

192 77

Re

186 75

Ta

181 73

W

184 74

Hf

179 72

La

139 57

Ba

137 56 Actinium

Radium

Ac

227 89

Ra

226 88

Mg

24 12

Be

9 4

Hydrogen

H

1 1

3 0 56 7 4 Gr oup

PERIODIC T A BLE OF ELEMENTS He Cl

35 17

Z

X

A Name

Element Symbol Atomic number

Mass number

Key:

Technetium