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I. OVERVIEW
II. AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT/CONTROL (ATM/ATC) SYSTEM III. COOPERATION WITH MILITARY AVIATION
IV. BRIEF OF MAIN SENSORS IN A T M SYSTEM V. CONCLUSION
1-1 A COMPLETE ATM SYSTEM
Our complete ATM system includes not only the ATM management center, but almost all the ATC sensors
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1-2 MAIN SYSTEM FEATURES
The ATM system has such main features as follows:
• Introduced into the system is the international advanced ATM technology and techniques.
• Included in the system is not only civil aviation, but also military aviation if necessary.
By means of modern communication, network, computer and data processing technology and techniques, the system integrates the ATM center and almost all ATC sensors.
By introducing new international advanced technology, ECRIEE develops and designs the ATM System. And so the system from its 1st step is orientated to the needs of the world and international market.
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1-3 SYSTEM COMPOSITION
The ATM demonstration system mainly contains such equipment and facilities:
1. ATM center,
2. Tower control equipment,
3. Flight, surface and weather sensors, 4. Communication facilities.
The system composition can be considered as a menu, customers could make an actual selection according to their concrete demand. ATM/ATC
System Center
Ground Surface Communications Ground-to-Air
Communications
Tower Controller
Various Flight, Surface and Weather Sensors
I. OVERVIEW
II. AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT/CONTROL (ATM/ATC) SYSTEM III. COOPERATION WITH MILITARY AVIATION
IV. BRIEF OF MAIN SENSORS IN A T M SYSTEM V. CONCLUSION
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With the development of society, economy, science and technology, the aircrafts in channels above an air port are more and more, the air traffic management and control would be busier and busier. Faced with real actuality and aimed at realistic status, ATC should solve the two problems:
How to guarantee the flight safety?
How to make air traffic management and control more efficient?
2-1 MAIN MISSION
An ATM/ATC system is basically built up of three essential parts:
LOCATION OF AIRCRAFT – make use of various sensors in the system to measure the spatial real-time position of aircrafts,
INFORMATION PROCESSING, MANAGEMENT AND COMMAND - perform synthetic processing of information sent from various sensors, and execute the control of the aircrafts based upon the processed results and in accordance with the specified flight principles and rules.
G-TO-A COMMUNICATION – guarantee the information transmission between aircrafts and the ground control center.
1. Various Sensors 2. Information Data Processing, Management And Command
3. G-to-A
Communication Link
2-2 MAIN TASK
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2-2-1. BASIC FLIGHT RULE OF CIVIL AIRCRAFTS
Civil aviation usually means aircraft flight from one airport to another. The flight course is usually divided into:
En-route control section,
Terminal control section,
Tower control section.
Level Flying
Altitude Level Flying
Altitude Air Route Control
Zone 300 ~ 500 km Tower
Control Air Route Control
Zone 300~500km Terminal Control
100 ~150 km
Flying Height Layers
6000m ~15000m High Altitude Control Zone Above 6600m
Medium-to- low Altitude Control Zone Below 6600m
Illuminative Full Course Control of Aircraft in ATC System
Terminal Control 100 ~150 km
2-2-2. CORRESPONDING AIRCRAFT-LOCATING SENSORS In order to guarantee the flight safety and increase the flight efficiency, more advanced flight control sensors have been developed for the management and control of each section.
Air Route surveillance radar for the en-route control section,
Airport primary/secondary surveillance radars, as well as MDS, for the terminal control section,
Surface surveillance radar for the tower control section,
Weather radar for the terminal control section and tower control section.
Level Flying
Altitude Level Flying
Altitude Air Way Control
Zone 300~500km
Tower Control
Terminal Control
100~150km Air Way Control Zone 300~500km Terminal
Control 100~150km
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2-3-1 OVERVIEW
In order to guarantee the flight safety and air increase the air traffic management efficiency, it is necessary to establish a unified, advanced and ICAO standardization-based Air
Traffic Management /Control (A T M/ATC) System.
2-3 TYPICAL ATM/ATC SYSTEM
The ATM system developed by ECRIEE would be an optimal solution in how to guarantee flight safety and make air traffic more efficient. This system is designed on basis of international advanced and mature ATM communication, radar, network and computer. And it can provide the control and management of all the civil aircrafts.
2-3-2 AN INTERNATIONAL ATM/ATC SYSTEM
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2-3-3 SUPERIORITY
The ATM/ATC system is superior in that:
Applied in the system are the ICAO standards, adaptive for uses abroad.
Integrated into the system are various sensors covering the whole flight courses.
Adopted in the information processing are the mature, stable, cost-effective and highly automatic communication, radar, network and computer technologies.
Established by the system is a seamless information coverage conducive to airfield surface movement control, tower control, terminal zone control, approach control and route zone control, hereby guaranteeing flight safety, enhancing flight flow and improving airspace flow-utilizing efficiency.
2-4-1. ATM/ATC FRAMEWORK
The ATM/ATC system framework structure contains :
1. Internal Equipment,
2. External Integrated Sensors.
ATM/ATC Internal Equipment External Integrated Sensors
2-4 SYSTEM COMPOSITION
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2-4-2 ATM SYSTEM
The ATM system center will obtain the real-time dynamic airspace information by means of the communication network from its subordinate sensors, and perform synthetically processing, hereby establishing a real-time dynamic air situation. Based upon the processed results and according to the air traffic management regulations and principles, the center will create a regional flight management rules and procedures, and further execute the air traffic management and control through the ground-to-air wireless communication.
Data Processing Station
Display Terminals
LAN Control/Operation Center Tower Controller
2-4-3 INTERNAL EQUIPMENT
The internal equipment of a basic ATM/ATC system mainly includes:
1. Data processing center, 2. Control/Operation Center, 3. Tower controller,
4. Various display terminals.
Data Processing Station
Display Terminals
LAN Control/Operation Center
Tower Controller
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Center
2-4-4 EXTERNAL SENSORS
The external integrated sensors of a basic ATM/ATC system mainly includes:
1. Air route surveillance radar,
2. Airport primary surveillance radar, 3. Airport secondary surveillance radar, 4. MDS system,
5. Airport surface surveillance radar, 6. Weather measurement radar.
The ATM system center has such main features as follows:
Compliance with ICAO standard
Advanced technology and technique
Open structure and possibility of equipment adaptive to customers’
uses
Comprehensive interfacing capability for information and operation access
High adaptability
High stability and security
2-5. MAIN SYSTEM FEATURES
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The data-processing center, as the kernel of an ATM system, has such processing functions as follows:
Radar target data processing function,
Warning function
Flight message processing function
Flight plan processing functions
Flight and weather information processing function
System monitoring & technical maintenance function
Record & replay function
Voice communication control function
Data-Processing Station
ATM Center
2-6 MAIN DATA PROCESSING FUNCTIONS
Target track reception
Single-radar target data processing
Multi-radar target data fusion
MDS and multi-radar target data fusion
Reduced Vertical Separation
Minimum (RVSM) identification and processing
Radar target track and flight plan correlation processing
Sector handover processing.
2-6-1 RADAR TARGET DATA PROCESSING FUNCTION The ATM system has such radar target data processing function as follows:
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2-6-2 WARNING FUNCTION
The ATM system has such warning function as follows:
Special SSR code warning
Short-term conflicting alert
Minimum safety altitude warning
Danger area infringement warning
Cleared level adherence monitoring
Special identification code management and processing
Route adherence monitoring
Specified Longitudinal Standard
No Alert
No Alert
Specified Vertical Standard STCA Alert Issued
a) Conflict and Hazard-Prompting
Window
b) Conflict and Hazard-Eluding/Avoiding Illustration
2-6-3 FLIGHT MESSAGE PROCESSING FUNCTION
The ATM system has such flight message processing function as follows:
Flight message reception
Flight message manual/automatic sending
Flight message identification and analysis
Flight message correction
Flight message manual processing
Flight message storage and query
OLDI/AIDC message processing
Message Reception and Indication
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2-6-4. FLIGHT PLAN PROCESSING FUNCTIONS
The system has such flight plan processing function as follows:
Flight plan creation, modification, deletion and query
Flight plan profile calculation
Flight plan life cycle management
Flight flow prediction
Route processing
SSR code management
Flight Plan Window
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2-6-5 FLIGHT & WEATHER INFO PROCESSING FUNCTION The ATM system has such flight information and weather information processing function as follows:
NOTAM (Notice To Air Man) message receiving and processing
SNOWTAM (Snow Weather to Air Man) message receiving and processing
Aeronautical information issue management
Weather information receiving and processing
Weather information dissemination
Real-Time Flight Info Processing and Display
Real-Time Weather Info Processing and Display
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The ATM system has such system monitoring & technical maintenance function as follows:
Monitoring of system (inc. HW, SW and network) operating status
Management of monitored information
Control of system (inc. server switch, manual control of radar channel)
Monitoring and control of external interfaces (with radar, telegram and OLDI) and interface status
2-6-6 SYSTEM MONITORING & TECHNICAL MAINTENANCE FUNCTION
System C/M Interface
2-6-7 RECORD & REPLAY FUNCTION
The ATM system has such record and replay function as follows:
On-line data record and replay
Replay control
Time data output for synchronization during replay
Record and Show-back
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I. OVERVIEW
II. AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT/CONTROL (ATM/ATC) SYSTEM III. COOPERATION WITH MILITARY AVIATION
IV. BRIEF OF MAIN SENSORS IN A T M SYSTEM V. CONCLUSION
There exists a close relationship between civil aviation and military aviation. They both manage and control aircrafts in airspace. And so the harmonization and cooperation between them appear to be particularly important.
Communication System Command/Control System
ATM/ATC
Anti-Aircraft Weapon system Information System
3-1 GENERAL
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There exists a close relationship between civil aviation and military aviation, especially in the following aspects:
1. Harmonic system management and control, 2. Route surveillance information sharing, 3. Flight zone management and control, 4. Airport source-sharing,
5. Etc.
However, a civil aviation
organization should report its flight plan and air situation to the local military aviation authorities.
System Management and Control
Information Sharing
Flight Zone Management & Control
Airport Source Sharing
3-2 RELATIONSHIP between CIVIL & MILITARY AVIATION
Different countries might have their respective concrete cases in civil and military aviation assignment. Generally, there are such instances as follows:
1. Purely civil aviation,
2. Civil aviation concurrently for military purpose, 3. Purely military.
Airport ATM Taking-Off/Landing
Military Aircraft Civil Aircraft in
Arrival/Departure
Military Air Base AF Seat in Control
Tower
3-3 CIVIL AND MILITARY AVIATION ASSIGNMENT
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If necessary, some of User’s airports can be jointly used for both civil and military aviation. Therefore, it is necessary to consider a military/civil aviation conjunction scheme. The scheme includes:
One central ATM, and
Some ATCs at the military/civil conjunction airports.
Centr al ATM
Central AD C/C Center
Junior ATC 2
Airport Sensors
Junior ATC 3
Airport Sensors
Junior ATC 4
Airport Sensors
Junior ATC 5
Airport Sensors
Junior ATC 6
Airport Sensors
Junior ATC 5
Airport Sensors
Junior ATC 7
Airport Sensors
AD Information Network ATM/ATC Route Surveillance Radar
Some Junior ATC
3-4 A ATM/ATC SYSTEM SCHEME
3-5-1 FLIGHT RULE IN OPERATION AND TRAINING
As for an air port concurrently for military purpose, it is necessary to acquaint with military flight rule. Following is a typical process of air interception (or training) program contains such phases as follows:
1). Cruise and quickly approach the target, 2). Change height and enter attack,
3). Launch an attack against the target, 4). Disengage and return to air base.
All the program above is to be executed and realized by the GIC seat at the AD C/C Center
G I C seat
3-5 MILITARY AIRCRAFT FLIGHT REGULATION
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3-5-2 FLIGHT RULE IN RETURNING AND LANDING
Only the taking-off and landing of a military aircraft would be controlled by the military aviation facilities at the air base.
The landing usually goes through such a procedure as follows:
Gliding section: 150nm to 50nm ,
Non-precise approach section: 50nm to 8nm, and
Precise approach section: 8nm to 0nm .
Level Flying Altitude
Flight Height Layers
6000 m ~15000 m
High Altitude Control Zone Above 6600 m
Medium-to-low Altitude Control Zone Below 6600 m
500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
Gliding Segment
300km ~ 100km Non-Precise Approaching
Segment 100km ~
15km
Precise Approaching
Segment 15km ~ 0km
Illuminative Full Course Control of Military Aircraft Landing
15000 m
6000 m
0 m
All the civil aircrafts in the en-route section are completely covered by the air defense radars. And so the military aviation system would report its surveillance results to the corresponding civil aviation organization.
2-D Air Surveillance Radar 3-D Command Radar
L-Band 2-D Corridor- Monitoring Radar
Civil Management & Control Center
3-6. ROUTE SURVEILLANCE
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I. OVERVIEW
II. AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT/CONTROL (ATM/ATC) SYSTEM III. COOPERATION WITH MILITARY AVIATION
IV. BRIEF OF MAIN SENSORS IN A T M SYSTEM V. CONCLUSION
As described before, involved in the A T C demonstration system are such as sensors as follows:
L-band en-route monitoring radar,
Primary surveillance radar,
Mono-pulse secondary surveillance radar,
Surface field surveillance radar, and
Airport weather radar.
Following is their respective brief of instruction.
4-1 GENERAL
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4.2 L-BAND ATC LONG RANGE PRIMARY SURVEILLANCE RADAR
L-Band A T C Long Range Primary Surveillance Radar is
developed to monitor corridors in Civil Aviation System, is designed in international I C A O standard,
widely adopting computer-based software technology, characterized by high accuracy, high resolution, high automation, high digitalization, high performance/cost ratio, high availability, possibility of all-weather unattended operation.
4-2-1. GENERAL
4-2-2. MAIN SPECIFICATIONS
Range: 450 km
Antenna Form: Doubly-curved reflector
and dual-beam
Antenna Rotating Rate: 6 rpm
Transmit Power: ≥45 kW
Receiver: 3-channel and IF sampling
Signal Processing Mode: AMTD
Target-Processing Capacity: 900 tracks/scan
MTBCF: ≥30,000 hrs
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4-3-1 GENERAL
This primary surveillance radar can be used for airspace surveillance above an airport, terminal area control, and en-route control from other airports into the local airport to realize the real- time airspace position coordinate
measurement of aircraft.
. This radar has a mechanical interface available for a secondary surveillance radar antenna to be installed
4-3 PRIMARY
SURVEILLANCERADSAR (PSR)
Range: 130 km for ATC /150 km for AD
Antenna Form: Doubly-curved reflector , dual-beam, linear/circular polarization
Antenna Rotating Rate: 15/7.5 rpm for ATC; 12/6 rpm for AD
Transmit Power: ≥18 kW; ≥35 kW
Receiver: 3-channel and IF sampling
Signal Processing Mode: AMTD
Target-Processing Capacity: 900 tracks/scan
MTBCF: ≥30,000 hrs
4-3-2 MAIN DETECTION CAPABILITY
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Mono-pulse Secondary Surveillance Radar (MSSR) adopt the current advanced mono- pulse secondary surveillance radar
technology, the radar, based upon S-mode interrogation and ADS-B (Automatic
Dependent Surveillance-Broadcasting)
information-decoding functions, realize the different surveillance function fusion of cooperative surveillance and automatic correlation surveillance on a set of radar, hereby the customer could obtain a set of double-information detection system
integrating a secondary surveillance radar with ADS-B.
4-4-1. GENERAL
4-4 MONO-PULSE SECONDARY SURVEILLANCE RADAR (MSSR)
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4-4-2 MAIN DETECTION CAPABILITY
Range: 470 km
Antenna Form: Mono-pulse and wide vertical
surveillance aperture
Antenna Rotating Rate: 15/7.5 rpm; 12/6 rpm
Transmit Power: ≥2 kW
Receiver: 3-channel and IF sampling
Mode: Mode 1, 2 3/A, B, C, D and S
Target-Processing Capacity: 900 tracks/scan
MTBCF: ≥30,000 hrs
-80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 -80
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0
SLS SUM DIF
Amp(dB)
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Airport Field Surveillance Radar can be used to provide real-time dynamic surveillance of airport surface so as to execute strict airport management.
Applied in the the radar set are
standardization and series design, and adopted in the radar are such advanced techniques:
Incarnate aperture-imaging surveillance,
Target CFAR detection,
Target AMTI detection, and
Frequency diversity coherent integration.
4-5-1 GENERAL
4-5 AIRPORT FIELD SURVEILLANCE RADAR
4-5-2 EQUIPMENT COMPOSITION
The composition of surface surveillance radar is as illustrated in the figure below.
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4-5-3 MAIN SPECIFICATIONS
Range: 5.5 km
Antenna Form: Slotted waveguide, upside-down cosecant
squared (CSC2) pattern, circular polarization mode
Antenna Rotating Rate: 60 rpm
Transmitter Form Solid state
Resolution
Azimuth: 0,25º
Range: 3 m
MTBCF: ≥30,000 hrs
4-6-1 GENERAL
MDS is a target location system, operating by making use of reply signal of Mode A/C and S of on- board transponder and by
multiple-spot reception finally to measure target real-time dynamic location, which is suitable for:
Surveillance of airport terminal zone,
Monitoring of approaching aircrafts, and
Monitoring of aircrafts on airport field.
4-6 MDS
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4-6-2 COMPOSITION
MDS composition is as illustrated in the figure below.
4-6-3 MAIN SPECIFICATIONS
Range: 230 km
Antenna Form: Omni-directional aerial
Operating Frequency:
Transmit: 1030 MHz
Receive: 1090 MHz
Operating Mode: Mode A/C, S
Measurement Accuracy: 7.5 m
Data Rate: 1 s/scan
MTBCF: ≥30,000 hrs
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4-7-1 GENERAL
In accordance with the demand put forward by ATC development and requirement made by customers at home and abroad, CEIEC and his supplier have successfully developed a phased array precise approach radar PAR. In a ATC system, especially for military purpose, this radar employs phased-array technology to realize phase scanning in both vertical and horizontal plans, hereby its operation is still higher stable and reliable, its detection accuracy is still higher, its equipment size is still compacter and smaller.
4-7 PAR
4-7-2 ILLUSTRATION OF MILITARY AIRCRAFT LANDING UNDER PAR GUIDANCE
The following figures illustrates the landing control of a military aircraft provided by a PAR.
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4-7-3 MAIN TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL E SPECIFICATIONS
Range: 25 km
Antenna Form: Vertical/horizontal one-dimensional scanning antennas
Scanning Rate: 1 s/scan
Transmit Power: ≥640 W
Receiver: 2-channel and IF sampling,
Signal Processing: AMTD
4-8-1. GENERAL
Integrated into the ATM System is an Airport C-band fully coherent Doppler weather radar, adopting state-of-the-art radar and computer techniques. Deployed at an airport, it can provide real-time following weather products above and around the airport.
Raw products
Primary products
Wind shear & turbulence products
Forecast and detection products
It has two installation forms,
stationary and moveable, adapted to actual users’ application.
4-8 AIRPORT DOPPLER WEATHER RADAR
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4-8-2 MAIN SPECIFICATIONS
Coverage
Range: ≥400 km
Azimuth: 0°～360° (PPI scan)
Elevation: -2°～ +90°
Accuracy (RMS)
Range: 50m
Azimuth: 0.1°
Elevation: 0.1°
Height: 200 m ~ 300 m
Measurement Capability
Intensity: -15 dBZ ~ +75 dBZ
Velocity: ±36 m/s
Spectrum Width: 16 m/s
I. OVERVIEW
II. AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT/CONTROL (ATM/ATC) SYSTEM III. COOPERATION WITH MILITARY AVIATION
IV. BRIEF OF MAIN SENSORS IN A T M SYSTEM V. CONCLUSION
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CONCLUSION
Summarizing the description above, it is possible to conclude as follows:
1. Aiming at the actual demand at home and abroad, a complete and thorough ATM/ATC solution has been successfully developed.
2. This system is satisfied with the ICAO standards, it is practicable and useable.
3. This system is mainly developed for civil aviation management and control, also concurrently for military aviation purpose.
4. This system makes use of modern computer and network technologies, effectively integrates all types of sensors elements together, hereby creating a united, complete and seamless aircraft-managing/controlling coverage volume, guaranteeing flight safety and increasing the ATM/ATC efficiency.
5. ECRIEE ensures the supply, shipment, delivery, site civil engineering, site installation, system commissioning of the ATM system equipment and facilities to be contracted, as well as provides an integrated logistics support program covering maintenance, spare part, test instrument and tools, technical documents, training and assistance.
